The transition to more economical lighting schemes without loss of power has made so-called super-bright LEDs from 10W quite popular. LEDs have a number of uses, but there are a few things to consider when designing a circuit using them.

Characteristics of 10 W LEDs

Devices with the same power can differ significantly from each other. Manufacturers produce devices for various purposes, so it’s worth taking a closer look at the main parameters:

• Light temperature. A 10 watt LED can cover the entire range of 2300-10000 K or work only in a certain part of it. This parameter is responsible for the shade of the glow (yellowish white, warm white, bright white and cool white). At the same time, LEDs marked t10 (automotive) are usually designed for the last 2 segments.
• Color rendering index.
• Working hours. LEDs with a power of 10 watts can operate for 50-150 thousand hours.
• Angle of luminescence (scattering). Depends on the application; For floodlights, 100-150 degrees is enough; automotive lighting marked t10 is designed for 360 degrees. In essence, there is now no need for all kinds of lenses and reflectors, since with a power of 10w LEDs have a fairly large luminous angle.
• Operating temperature range. This parameter determines not only where the 10w LED can be installed. The upper temperature limit is very important when selecting radiators that protect the device from premature overheating and breakdowns. In modern devices it reaches up to 100 degrees.
• The storage temperature of 10 W LEDs is within 40 ~ +100 ° C.
• The size of devices is usually measured in mm.
• Design. Depending on the purpose, 10w LEDs can be made in several variations. T10 car lamps can also vary in size (base types are also measured in mm). Regular 10-watt LEDs can be mounted on an aluminum star. This platform has spots for wires and cutouts for connecting to the radiator.

LEDs for car (t10 base)

LED lamps with a power of 10w can find several applications (interior lighting, license plate lighting, trunk lighting), but most often they are installed as side lights. Despite the fact that LEDs are rightly considered more reliable than incandescent lamps, when installing them in a t10 base you may encounter some difficulties.

It is worth considering the following factors:

• the structure must be protected from the influence of vibrations;
• heat sources significantly affect the performance of 10w car lamps;
• The LED can significantly lose brightness if used incorrectly.

Circuits based on 10-watt LED lamps

The scope of application of devices also depends on their power, which in this case is equal to 10 watts Light-emitting diode This type can be called super-bright and is used in the development of bright flashlights or spotlights. The difficulty of application is to ensure proper cooling of the device. To do this, you should correctly calculate the area of ​​the reflector (at least 100 mm²) and its minimum section thickness (about 4-6 mm), which is also true for LED matrices with a power of 10 W or more.

In general, a 10w LED has its own characteristics, and its installation is not always advisable, but at the same time one cannot fail to note a significant gain in brightness, especially in comparison with 60-100 w bulbs and a space saving of hundreds of mm (which is sometimes quite significant ).

In this topic, I will tell and show you the advantages of powering LEDs at 10 watts 12 volts, from the well-known DC-DC step-down converter.

DC-DC - this means that the converter converts DC voltage to DC, and higher or lower it is designated UP - step-up DoWN- step-down.

The converters are quite versatile and can serve as both a power supply with voltage regulation and a charger.

In this topic we will talk about LEDs with a buck converter. I hasten to note that by using these converters we also reduce the consumption of LEDs from the battery or power sources. And also recently I saw that by converting the power supply downwards and reducing the output voltage, the output current increases. The opposite effect can be seen with boost converters. Here we will observe the opposite picture, increasing the output voltage, the input current will increase until the converter and the output current will decrease.

Additional information on testing 10 Watt 12 Volt LEDs.

When powering LEDs at Max voltage, even with a reduced current, the degradation time also increases. If you initially assemble and get used to the brightness the LED produces, then for a long time it will delight you with its light, while the brightness will long be equal to what it was when you first turned it on. But if you suddenly need to get more lumens from it, I recommend improving its cooling, and prepare for the fact that after some time the brightness will drop!

There is a direct dependence on how long the LED will work, and unfortunately, the time indicated by the manufacturer refers to the minimum voltage and current at which the LED operates. The minimum parameters for working with an LED lifetime can be 50,000 hours at a supply voltage of 9 Volts and a current of 500 mA. The higher the voltage and current, the lower the lifespan of the LED!

It is a very big misconception that if you set 900 mA and 12 volts or even 11 volts, the LED will do well and will work for years. Given these parameters, it wears out and its lifespan will immediately depend on its cooling system and the ambient temperature. If you ask manufacturers how long this or that LED will last, the manufacturer will immediately begin to wag and avoid a direct answer. Like, it all depends on your network, the cleanliness of the room or the temperature. But in fact, manufacturers test almost every batch of LEDs for wear selectively and can answer it directly. That in such conditions it will last so long and in such conditions for so long.

In general, when taking any LED, read between the lines. And if you’re really curious about how long it can last, assemble two stands, one according to my scheme and one according to yours, and see what happens to the brightness of the LEDs after thirty days of operation. By the way, as an option, you can do a similar test yourself. If I have time, I'll do this experiment.

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1 watt [W] = 0.001 kilowatt [kW]

Initial value

Converted value

watt exawatt petawatt terawatt gigawatt megawatt kilowatt hectowatt decawatt deciwatt centiwatt milliwatt microwatt nanowatt picowatt femtowatt attowatt horsepower horsepower metric horsepower boiler horsepower electric horsepower pump horsepower horsepower (German) Brit. thermal unit (int.) per British hour. thermal unit (int.) per minute brit. thermal unit (int.) per second brit. thermal unit (thermochemical) per hour Brit. thermal unit (thermochemical) per minute brit. thermal unit (thermochemical) per second MBTU (international) per hour Thousand BTU per hour MMBTU (international) per hour Million BTU per hour refrigeration ton kilocalorie (IT) per hour kilocalorie (IT) per minute kilocalorie (IT) per minute second kilocalorie (therm.) per hour kilocalorie (therm.) per minute kilocalorie (therm.) per second calorie (interm.) per hour calorie (interm.) per minute calorie (interm.) per second calorie (therm.) per hour calorie (therm) per minute calorie (therm) per second ft lbf per hour ft lbf/minute ft lbf/second lb-ft per hour lb-ft per minute lb-ft per second erg per second kilovolt-ampere volt-ampere newton meter per second joule per second exajoule per second petajoule per second terajoule per second gigajoule per second megajoule per second kilojoule per second hectojoule per second decajoule per second decijoule per second centijoule per second millijoule per second microjoule per second nanojoule per second picojoule per second femtojoule per second attojoule per second joule per hour joule per minute kilojoule per hour kilojoule per minute Planck power

More about power

General information

In physics, power is the ratio of work to the time during which it is performed. Mechanical work is a quantitative characteristic of the action of force F on a body, as a result of which it moves a distance s. Power can also be defined as the rate at which energy is transferred. In other words, power is an indicator of the machine's performance. By measuring power, you can understand how much work is done and at what speed.

Power units

Power is measured in joules per second, or watts. Along with watts, horsepower is also used. Before the invention of the steam engine, the power of engines was not measured, and, accordingly, there were no generally accepted units of power. When the steam engine began to be used in mines, engineer and inventor James Watt began improving it. To prove that his improvements made the steam engine more productive, he compared its power to the performance of horses, since horses had been used by people for many years, and many could easily imagine how much work a horse could do in a certain amount of time. In addition, not all mines used steam engines. On those where they were used, Watt compared the power of the old and new models of the steam engine with the power of one horse, that is, with one horsepower. Watt determined this value experimentally by observing the work of draft horses at a mill. According to his measurements, one horsepower is 746 watts. Now it is believed that this figure is exaggerated, and the horse cannot work in this mode for a long time, but they did not change the unit. Power can be used as a measure of productivity because as power increases, the amount of work done per unit of time increases. Many people realized that it was convenient to have a standardized unit of power, so horsepower became very popular. It began to be used in measuring the power of other devices, especially vehicles. Although watts have been around for almost as long as horsepower, horsepower is more commonly used in the automotive industry, and many consumers are more familiar with horsepower when it comes to power ratings for a car engine.

Power of household electrical appliances

Household electrical appliances usually have a wattage rating. Some fixtures limit the wattage of the bulbs they can use, such as no more than 60 watts. This is done because higher wattage lamps generate a lot of heat and the lamp socket may be damaged. And the lamp itself will not last long at high temperatures in the lamp. This is mainly a problem with incandescent lamps. LED, fluorescent and other lamps typically operate at lower wattages for the same brightness and, if used in fixtures designed for incandescent bulbs, wattage is not an issue.

The greater the power of an electrical appliance, the higher the energy consumption and the cost of using the device. Therefore, manufacturers are constantly improving electrical appliances and lamps. The luminous flux of lamps, measured in lumens, depends on the power, but also on the type of lamp. The greater the luminous flux of a lamp, the brighter its light appears. For people, it is the high brightness that is important, and not the power consumed by the llama, so lately alternatives to incandescent lamps have become increasingly popular. Below are examples of types of lamps, their power and the luminous flux they create.

• 450 lumens:
• Incandescent: 40 watt
• CFL: 9–13 watts
• LED lamp: 4–9 watts
• 800 lumens:



• Incandescent: 60 watt
• CFL: 13–15 watts
• LED lamp: 10–15 watts
• 1600 lumens:
• Incandescent: 100 watt
• CFL: 23–30 watts
• LED lamp: 16–20 watts

From these examples it is obvious that with the same luminous flux created, LED lamps consume the least amount of electricity and are more economical compared to incandescent lamps. At the time of writing this article (2013), the price of LED lamps is many times higher than the price of incandescent lamps. Despite this, some countries have banned or are planning to ban the sale of incandescent lamps due to their high power.

The power of household electrical appliances may vary depending on the manufacturer, and is not always the same during operation of the appliance. Below are the approximate wattages of some household appliances.



• Household air conditioners for cooling a residential building, split system: 20–40 kilowatts
• Monoblock window air conditioners: 1–2 kilowatts
• Ovens: 2.1–3.6 kilowatts
• Washers and dryers: 2–3.5 kilowatts
• Dishwashers: 1.8–2.3 kilowatts
• Electric kettles: 1–2 kilowatts
• Microwave ovens: 0.65–1.2 kilowatts
• Refrigerators: 0.25–1 kilowatt
• Toasters: 0.7–0.9 kilowatts

Power in sports

Performance can be assessed using power not only for machines, but also for people and animals. For example, the power with which a basketball player throws a ball is calculated by measuring the force she applies to the ball, the distance the ball travels, and the time over which that force is applied. There are websites that allow you to calculate work and power during exercise. The user selects the type of exercise, enters height, weight, duration of exercise, after which the program calculates the power. For example, according to one of these calculators, the power of a person 170 centimeters tall and weighing 70 kilograms, who did 50 push-ups in 10 minutes, is 39.5 watts. Athletes sometimes use devices to measure the power at which muscles work during exercise. This information helps determine how effective their chosen exercise program is.

Dynamometers

To measure power, special devices are used - dynamometers. They can also measure torque and force. Dynamometers are used in various industries, from technology to medicine. For example, they can be used to determine the power of a car engine. There are several main types of dynamometers used to measure vehicle power. In order to determine engine power using dynamometers alone, it is necessary to remove the engine from the car and attach it to the dynamometer. In other dynamometers, the force for measurement is transmitted directly from the car wheel. In this case, the car's engine through the transmission drives the wheels, which, in turn, rotate the rollers of the dynamometer, which measures engine power under various road conditions.

Dynamometers are also used in sports and medicine. The most common type of dynamometer for these purposes is isokinetic. Typically this is a sports trainer with sensors connected to a computer. These sensors measure strength and power of the entire body or specific muscle groups. The dynamometer can be programmed to issue signals and warnings if the power exceeds a certain value. This is especially important for people with injuries during the rehabilitation period, when it is necessary not to overload the body.

According to some provisions of the theory of sports, the greatest sports development occurs under a certain load, individual for each athlete. If the load is not heavy enough, the athlete gets used to it and does not develop his abilities. If, on the contrary, it is too heavy, then the results deteriorate due to overload of the body. The physical performance of some exercises, such as cycling or swimming, depends on many environmental factors, such as road conditions or wind. Such a load is difficult to measure, but you can find out with what power the body counteracts this load, and then change the exercise regimen, depending on the desired load.

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