Use a separate sheet for answers to tasks 29-32. First write down the task number (29, 30, etc.), and then the answer to it. Write down the answers clearly and legibly.

ORIGIN OF LIVING BEINGS

In the Middle Ages, people readily believed that geese originated from fir trees, and lambs are born from the fruit of the melon tree. These ideas, called "Theory of spontaneous generation", were initiated by the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle. In the XVII century. F. Redi suggested that the living is born only from the living and there is no spontaneous generation. He put a piece of snake, fish, eel and beef in four jars and covered them with gauze to keep the air flowing. He filled four other similar cans with the same pieces of meat, but left them open. In the experiment, Redi changed only one condition: the bank is open or closed. The flies could not get into the closed jar. After a while, worms appeared in the meat lying in the open (control) vessels. No worms were found in the closed jars.

In the XIX century. a serious blow to the theory of spontaneous generation was dealt by L. Pasteur, who suggested that life is brought into nutrient media together with air in the form of spores. The scientist designed a flask with a neck similar to a swan's neck, filled it with meat broth and boiled it in an alcohol lamp. After boiling, the flask was left on the table, and all the room dust and microbes in the air, easily penetrating through the opening of the neck inside, settled on the bend without getting into the broth. The contents of the flask remained unchanged for a long time. However, if the neck was broken (the scientist used control flasks), then the broth quickly became cloudy. Thus, Pasteur proved that life does not originate in a broth, but is brought from the outside along with the air containing spores of fungi and bacteria. Consequently, scientists, staging their experiments, refuted one of the most important arguments of the supporters of the theory of spontaneous generation, who believed that air is that "active principle" that ensures the emergence of living from non-living.

1) What equipment did F. Redi use in his experiment?

2) What was the object of research in the experiments of L. Pasteur?

3) How could worms appear on meat in open jars?

Show answer

1) 8 cans, gauze.

OR Cans and gauze.

2) Meat broth.

3) Worms - worm-like insect larvae are formed from eggs laid by houseflies

Using table 1 "Comparative composition of blood plasma, primary and secondary urine of the human body", as well as using knowledge from the course of biology, answer the following questions.

Comparative composition of blood plasma, primary and secondary urine of the human body (in%)

1) The concentration of what substance practically remains unchanged as the blood plasma turns into secondary urine?

2) What substance and why is absent in the composition of the secondary urine in comparison with the primary?

Show answer

The correct answer should contain the following elements.

1) Sodium.

OR Sodium (in salts).

2) Glucose.

3) In the convoluted channels of the nephron, glucose is actively absorbed into the blood

Olga, a master of sports in tennis, is at a training camp, where every day for four hours (morning and evening), she actively trains with her friends. In their free time between workouts, the girls decided to dine at a fast food restaurant.

Using the data in Tables 2 and 3, offer Olga the menu that is optimal in terms of calorie content and the ratio of proteins from the list of proposed dishes and drinks in order to compensate for her energy consumption of a two-hour morning workout.

When choosing, keep in mind that Olga loves sweets and will definitely order ice cream with chocolate filling, as well as a sweet drink. However, the coach asked Olga to consume meals with the greatest content squirrel.

This page contains demonstration oGE options in biology for grade 9 for 2009 - 2019.

Demo options OGE in biology contain tasks of three types: tasks where you need to choose one of the proposed answers, tasks where you need to give a short answer, and tasks where you need to give a detailed answer. The correct answers are given to the tasks of the first and second types, and the contents of the correct answer and the assessment criteria are given to the tasks of the third type.

IN demo version of the 2019 OGE in biology compared to the 2018 demo no changes.

Demonstration options for the OGE in biology

Note that demonstration options for the OGE in biology are presented in pdf format, and to view them it is necessary that, for example, the free software package Adobe Reader be installed on your computer.

Scale for recalculating the primary score for the examination work
in the mark on a five-point scale

• a scale for recalculating the primary score for completing the examination work in 2018 into a mark on a five-point scale;
• a scale for recalculating the primary score for the examination work in 2017 into a mark on a five-point scale;
• a scale for recalculating the primary score for completing the examination work in 2016 into a mark on a five-point scale;
• a scale for recalculating the primary score for the completion of the examination work in 2015 into a mark on a five-point scale;
• a scale for recalculating the primary score for the examination work in 2014 into a mark on a five-point scale.
• a scale for recalculating the primary score for the execution of the examination work in 2013 into a mark on a five-point scale.

Biology Demo Changes

Demonstration options for the OGE in biology 2009-2014 consisted of 3 parts: tasks with a choice of answers, tasks with a short answer, tasks with a detailed answer.

In 2013 in part 2 (B) was added a practice-oriented task to correlate the morphological characteristics of an organism or its individual organs with the proposed models according to a given algorithm.

In 2014 in demo version of the OGE in biology the following changes:

• in part 1 (A) on 2 was reduced number of tasks
• in part 2 (B) it was added a new task with a choice of three correct answers out of six;
• in part 3 (C) it was new task included on the application of biological knowledge in a practical situation;
• the total number of tasks has not changedbut maximum primary score for the performance of examination work rose from 43 to 46.

In 2015 in demo version of the OGE in biologythe structure of the variant has changed:

• The option began to consist two-piece.
• Numbering assignments became through throughout the entire version without letter designations A, B, C.
• The form of recording the answer in tasks with a choice of answer has been changed: the answer has become necessary the number with the number of the correct answer (not circled).

IN demo versions of the OGE 2016 - 2019 in biology compared to the 2015 demo there were no changes.

OGE 2017. Biology. 20 training options for examination papers.

M .: 2017 .-- 240 p.

A new guide for preparing for the OGE in biology is offered to the attention of schoolchildren and applicants, which contains 20 options for typical examination papers. Option 21 is a control one. Each option is compiled in full accordance with the requirements of the main state exam in biology, includes tasks different types and difficulty level. At the end of the book, self-test answers are given for all tasks. The proposed training options will help the teacher organize preparation for the final certification, and the students - independently test their knowledge and readiness to pass the final exam.

Format: pdf

The size: 9.3 MB

Watch, download:drive.google ; Rghost

CONTENT
From author 4
Option 1 5
Option 2 15
Option 3 25
Option 4 35
Option 5 46
Option 6 56
Option 7 66
Option 8 74
Option 9 85
Option 10 94
Option 11 104
Option 12 113
Option 13 123
Option 14 133
Option 15 142
Option 16 152
Option 17 162
Option 18 172
Option 19 181
Option 20 190
Benchmark 199
Replies 210

Dear students and teachers!
We offer you a study guide that will help you get acquainted with the wording of the tasks of the future exam, prepare for it and successfully pass it. This collection of training tasks contains 20 options for typical examination papers and one control - 21st. The wording of the tasks fully complies with the specification of control and measuring materials of the state final certification (GIA) in biology. Having worked through this material, you will be able to confidently pass the final exam. And even if not all types of tasks are in examination paper - nothing wrong. As the great Russian commander A. Suvorov said: "It's hard in training - easy in battle." You will be ready for work of almost any complexity.
In the new academic year, the options for the tasks of the state final certification work in biology for the basic school (grade 9) will not change significantly compared to the previous year. The implementation of practical tasks will require students to be attentive and skillful in working with herbariums, determinants, models and other means of determining the characteristics of various biological objects. Some changes are possible among the tasks of parts 1 and 2. They will become somewhat more difficult, but more interesting, and again, their implementation requires special care and ability to analyze.

The OGE in biology is not included in the list of mandatory ones, but is chosen by students quite often. According to experts, the majority of the subjects pass the exam in this subject quite successfully, therefore, the glory of a relatively easy one is entrenched in the subject. Also, a number of 9th grade graduates are planning to enter medical schools. Biology is also chosen when entering the 10th grade with a certain bias.At the stage of the 9th grade, the material covered is not much, it is quite accessible for understanding and mastering.

In 2018, the minimum threshold was 13 points - in other words, it takes 13 assignments to pass the minimum grade exam. Maximum - 32 points for "excellent".
The structure of the biology exam is similar to the other exams:

• The first part is designed to check the level of knowledge of factual data, laws, terms. These are ordinary test tasks, where you need to find the correct answer from the proposed ones, establish correspondences, sequence - the answers are displayed in the answer form.
• The second part consists of several tasks that require a detailed answer. It is necessary to solve the problem and describe in detail the course of inferences.
  

The first step is to decide on the goal to be achieved. Based on the goal, you can create a detailed training plan. Without a plan, the process of repetition and study of information will be fragmentary, unsystematic, and the result will not be the highest. Familiarization with will allow you to create a plan for the preparation. It is very important to organize yourself so as not to deviate from the plan, to practice regularly. Best of all is to combine independent work, attentiveness in the classroom and consultation with a teacher or tutor.
I will solve the OGE in biology - this is an additional opportunity to assess the level of knowledge, consolidate the theory, get used to working with test tasks of different types and levels of difficulty.
Can you prepare from scratch?
Yes. This takes time, self-discipline and the ability to consult with a professional. In this case, it is recommended to hire a tutor and regularly complete assignments online.
It is recommended to start training at the beginning of the 9th grade in order to repeat the material from previous years:

• General biology;
• Anatomy;
• Botany;
• Ecology;
• Zoology.