Collision at which there is an offset of the name. Open Library - an open library of educational information. Places where the car is divided into sections

Vehicle collision.

CLASSIFICATION OF COLLISION TYPES

I. In the direction of vehicle movement.

1. Longitudinal - collision without relative displacement of the vehicle in the transverse direction, ᴛ.ᴇ. when moving them in parallel courses (the angle α is equal to 0 or 180 degrees).

2. Cross - collision when the vehicle moves in non-parallel courses, ᴛ.ᴇ. when one of them moved in the transverse direction towards the lane of the other (angle α is not equal to 0 or 180 degrees).

II. By the nature of the mutual approach of the vehicle.

The sign of an accident is determined by the magnitude of the collision angle.

On this basis, collisions are divided into:

1. Counter - a collision in which the projection of the velocity vector of one vehicle onto the direction of the velocity of another vehicle is opposite to this direction; The vehicles approached with a deviation towards each other (angle α > 90;< 270 градусов).

2. Associated - a collision in which the projection of the velocity vector of one vehicle onto the direction of the velocity of another coincides with this direction; The vehicles approached, shifting with a deviation in one direction (angle α< 90; >270 degrees).

3. Transverse - a collision in which the projection of the velocity vector of one vehicle onto the direction of the velocity of another vehicle is equal to 0 (the angle α is 90; 270 degrees).

III. According to the relative location of the longitudinal axes of the vehicle.

The sign is determined by the angle of the relative position of their longitudinal axes.

1. Direct - collision with a parallel arrangement of the longitudinal or transverse axis of one vehicle and the longitudinal axis of the second vehicle (angle α is equal to 0; 90 degrees).

2. Oblique - a collision in which the longitudinal axes of the vehicle "are located in relation to each other under acute angle;

(angle α is not equal to 0; 90 degrees).

IV. By the nature of the interaction of the vehicle upon impact.

The sign is determined by deformations and traces in the contact areas.

On this basis, collisions are divided into:

1. blocking- a collision in which, during contact, the relative velocity of the vehicle in the contact area decreases to 0 by the time the deformations are completed.

2. Sliding - a collision in which, in the process of contact, slippage occurs between the contacting sections due to the fact that until the moment the vehicle leaves contact with each other, their speeds are not equalized.

3. Tangent - a collision in which, due to the small amount of overlap of the contacting parts of the vehicle, they receive only minor damage and continue to move in the same directions (with a slight deviation and a decrease in speed). In such a collision, horizontal tracks remain on the contact areas (scratches, abrasions).

v. In the direction of impact relative to the center of gravity.

The sign is determined by the direction of the vector of the resultant vectors of shock impulses.

On this basis, collisions are divided into:

1. Central - when the direction of the collision line passes through the center of gravity of the vehicle.

2. Eccentric - when the collision line passes at some distance from the center of gravity, to the right (right eccentric) or to the left (left eccentric) of it .

VI. At the point of impact.

On this basis, collisions are divided into:

1. Front (windshield) - a collision in which traces of direct contact upon impact with another vehicle are located on the front parts.

2. Front corner right and front corner left - collision , in which traces of contact are located on the rear and adjacent side parts of the vehicle.

3. Side right and side left a collision in which the blow was delivered to the side of the vehicle.

4. Rear corner right and rear corner left - a collision in which traces of direct contact are located on the rear and adjacent sides of the vehicle.

5. Rear - a collision in which the contact marks caused by the impact are located on the rear parts of the vehicle.

Vehicle collision mechanism - this is a complex of circumstances connected by objective laws that determine the process of approaching vehicles before a collision, their interaction in the process of impact and the next movement to a stop. Analysis of data on the circumstances of the incident creates an opportunity for the expert to establish the relationship between individual incidents, fill in the missing links and determine the technical cause of the incident. Formal solution by an expert of a question on the basis of separate disparate data, without technical evaluation their mutual correspondence and the correspondence of certain objective data, without identifying and explaining the contradictions between them, can lead to incorrect conclusions.

When studying the mechanism of an incident, signs that directly allow one to establish this or that circumstance may be absent. In many cases, the mechanism can be determined based on data on other circumstances of the incident, by conducting an expert study on the basis of patterns that combine all the circumstances of the mechanism into one chain.

THREE STAGES OF THE COLLISION MECHANISM

Vehicles can be divided into three stages: the approach of the vehicle before the collision, their interaction upon impact, and the rollback (movement after the collision).

First stage- the process of rapprochement begins from the moment the danger arises for traffic when the driver must immediately take the necessary measures to prevent an accident (or reduce the severity of the consequences), and ends at the time of the initial contact of the vehicle. At this stage, the circumstances of the incident are most determined by the actions of its participants. At the next stages, the incident mainly unfolds under the influence of irresistible forces that arise in accordance with the laws of mechanics. Therefore, in order to resolve issues related to the assessment of the actions of participants in the accident, from the point of view of their compliance with traffic safety requirements, it is of particular importance to determine the circumstances of the accident at its first stage (the speed and direction of the vehicle before the incident, their location along the width of the carriageway).

Some circumstances at the first stage cannot be established directly on the spot or by expert interrogation of witnesses. Sometimes they are found out by an expert study of the collision mechanism in the following stages.

Second stage- interaction of vehicles - begins from the moment of their primary contact and ends at the moment when the action of one vehicle on the second stops, and they begin to move freely.

The interaction of the vehicle during a collision depends on the type of collision, it is determined by the nature of the impact, which can be blocking and sliding. During a blocking strike, the vehicles seem to be linked in separate sections, and there is no slippage between them. During a sliding impact, the contact areas are displaced relative to each other.

The process of vehicle collision during a blocking impact can be divided into two phases.

In the first phase, the contacting parts are deformed due to their mutual penetration. It ends at the moment when the relative velocity of the vehicle at the contact area falls to zero and lasts for a fraction of a second. Huge impact forces, reaching tens of tons, create large decelerations or accelerations. Angular accelerations also occur during eccentric impacts. This leads to a sharp change in the speed, direction of movement of the vehicle and their turn. However, since the impact time is negligible, the vehicle does not have time to significantly change its position during this phase, so the general direction of deformations almost coincides with the direction of relative velocity.

In the second phase of the blocking impact, after the completion of the mutual penetration of the contacting sections, the vehicles move one relative to the other under the action of elastic deformation forces, as well as the forces of mutual repulsion arising from an eccentric impact.

The size of the impulse of the forces of elastic deformations in comparison with the impulse of the impact forces is rather small. Therefore, with a slight eccentricity of impact and deep penetration of the contacting parts, the forces of adhesion between them can prevent the separation of the vehicle, and the second phase can end before their separation.

A sliding collision occurs in cases where the speeds in the contact areas are not aligned and before the separation of the vehicle from one another, the interaction occurs sequentially between their various parts located along the line relative to the displacement of the contacting sections. During a sliding impact, the vehicle has time to change the relative position during a collision, which somewhat changes the direction of deformations.

The second stage of the collision mechanism connects its first and third stages, which, under certain conditions, makes it possible to determine the circumstances of the accident at the first stage, based on the results of a study of the traffic situation after the accident.

Third stage- the process of discarding (movement after a collision) begins from the moment of termination of the interaction between the vehicle and the beginning of their free movement, ends at the moment of completion of the movement under the influence of resistance forces.

The collision mechanism at this stage is determined by the results of the impact forces on the vehicle - the vehicle is thrown, the separation and dispersion of parts, debris, liquid splashing. Therefore, the most complete data necessary to clarify the mechanism of the collision can be obtained during the inspection and investigation of the scene.

According to statistics, the most common type of accident is a collision. In this regard, we propose to consider in detail modern classification types of collisions of the vehicle, meeting the needs of transnorth-trasological expertise, which should contribute to the systematization of methods and the most complete development of the methodology for expert study of the circumstances that determine the mechanism of collision of vehicles.

The main requirement for any classification, in addition to its compliance with the purpose for which it is carried out, is a clear formulation of the classification features, ensuring full coverage of all members of the system, excluding the possibility of homogeneous members falling into different classification groups and heterogeneous members into the same group.

The fundamental components of this classification are the concepts systematized and presented by N. M. Christie together with a group of authors.

Classification features that determine the mechanism of vehicle collision are divided into two main groups: features common to the collision of two vehicles as a whole, and features related separately to each of them, which may not coincide.

To common features belong to the following.

I. Movement of one vehicle in a transverse direction with respect to the lane of another in the process of their approach (classification according to the direction of movement of the vehicle). The sign is determined by the value of the collision angle, which can be set according to the tracks of the wheels of both vehicles before the collision, according to the location of the vehicles and the traces of their movement after the accident, according to the direction of throwing objects separated from them (glass fragments, etc.), according to the deformations obtained during the collision.

• 1) longitudinal - collision without relative displacement of the vehicle in the transverse direction, i.e. when moving them in parallel courses (angle + is equal to 0 or 180 °);
• 2) cross - a collision when the vehicle is moving in non-parallel courses, i.e. when one of them shifted in the transverse direction towards the lane of the other (the angle is not equal to 0.180°).

II. Movement of the vehicle in the longitudinal direction relative to each other (classification according to the nature of the mutual approach of the vehicle). The sign is also determined by the value of the collision angle.

On this basis, collisions are divided into the following three groups:

• 1) head-on - a collision in which the projection of the velocity vector of one vehicle onto the direction of the velocity of another vehicle is opposite to this direction; The vehicles approached with a deviation towards each other (angle > 90°,
• 2) passing - a collision in which the projection of the velocity vector of one vehicle onto the direction of the velocity of another coincides with this direction; The vehicles approached, shifting with a deviation in one direction (angle 270°);
• 3) transverse - a collision in which the projection of the velocity vector of one vehicle onto the direction of the velocity of another vehicle is zero (the angle is 90°, 270°).

If the angle differs so little from zero or from 90° that the methods of investigation used do not allow establishing this deviation, and if the possible deviation does not have a significant effect on the collision mechanism, then the latter can be defined as longitudinal or transverse, respectively.

III. Relative location of the directions of the longitudinal axes: vehicle at the moment of collision. The sign is determined by the angle of mutual arrangement of the longitudinal axes, which is established on the basis of trace studies of traces and damages in the places of direct contact of the vehicle during a collision. In some cases, the angle can be set from the wheel tracks before the collision.

On this basis, collisions are divided into two groups:

• 1) direct - a collision with a parallel arrangement of the longitudinal or transverse axis of one vehicle and the longitudinal axis of the other (the angle is 0.90 °);
• 2) oblique - a collision in which the longitudinal axes of the vehicle were located relative to each other at an acute angle (the angle is not equal to 0.90 °).

IV. The nature of the interaction of the contacting sections of the vehicle during the collision. The sign is determined by deformations and traces in the contact areas. On this basis, vehicle collisions are divided into three groups:

1) blocking - a collision in which, in the process of contacting, the relative speed of the vehicle in the contact area decreases to zero by the time the deformations are completed (the translational speeds of the vehicle in this area are equalized). In such a collision, in addition to dynamic, static traces (imprints) remain on the contact areas.

Signs of a blocking collision are the presence of traces on the contact areas (imprints of individual parts of one vehicle on the surfaces of another) and a large depth of mutual penetration in a limited area.

The angle of turn during the contact time is usually small, if the relative movement of the vehicle in the process of mutual contact is insignificant, at low approach speed and blocking collisions, as well as at a slight impact eccentricity;

2) sliding - a collision in which, in the process of contact, slippage occurs between the contacting sections due to the fact that until the moment the vehicle leaves contact with each other, their speeds of movement are not equalized. In this case, only dynamic traces remain on the contacted areas.

In sliding collisions, when the movement of the vehicle in the process of mutual contact is large, and with a sharply eccentric impact, the angle of turn by the time the vehicle leaves contact with each other can be significant. The influence of the type of vehicle on its turn during a collision is related to the mass of the vehicle and its dimensions: the greater the mass and dimensions (and, consequently, the moment of inertia relative to the center of gravity), the smaller the angle of turn of the vehicle by the time it leaves contact with another vehicle;

3) tangential - a collision in which, due to the small amount of overlap of the contacting parts of the vehicle, only minor damage is received and continues to move in the same directions (with a slight deviation and a decrease in speed). In such a collision, horizontal tracks remain on the contact areas (scratches, abrasions). An accident is not a consequence of the forces of interaction upon impact, but the subsequent collision with other obstacles.

The features characterizing the collision mechanism separately for each of the two vehicles also include the following.

V. The direction of the vector of the resultant of the shock impulse vectors (the direction of the collision line) in relation to the location of the center of gravity of this vehicle, which determines the nature of its movement after the collision (with or without a turn). On this basis, collisions are divided into two groups:

• 1) central - when the direction of the collision line passes through the center of gravity of the vehicle;
• 2) eccentric - when the collision line passes at some distance from the center of gravity, to the right (right eccentric) or to the left (left eccentric) of it.

VI. The location along the perimeter of the vehicle of the area that was in contact during the impact (classification according to the place of impact). The sign (along with the angle of relative position a 0) determines the mutual position of the vehicle at the time of the collision. On this basis, collisions are divided into the following groups:

• 1) frontal (frontal) - a collision in which traces of direct contact upon impact with another vehicle are located in the front parts;
• 2) front corner right and 3) front corner left collision, in which contact marks are located on the front and adjacent side parts of the vehicle;
• 4) lateral right and 5) lateral left - a collision in which the blow was delivered to the side of the vehicle;
• 6) rear corner right and 7) rear corner left - a collision in which traces of direct contact are located on the rear and adjacent side parts of the vehicle;
• 8) rear - a collision in which the traces of contact resulting from the impact are located on the rear parts of the vehicle.

This type of collision classification system makes it possible to cover all possible types of collisions between two vehicles and to determine the characteristics of any collision.

A traffic accident is a complex cognitive object of expert research. Based on the above classification, it is obvious that the system of signs of a particular collision in its totality is a complex process. accident mechanism. In this regard, we considered it necessary to include in this classification two criteria that are “final” in the assessment of the collision mechanism - this is a typical (simple) collision and an atypical (complex) collision.

A typical collision is an accident in which common, often recurring signs prevail and which is characterized by the obviousness of the accident, the presence of all the cars involved in the accident, and a small number of vehicles.

An atypical collision is such an accident in which a significant number of vehicles are involved, with the participation of a pedestrian (s), the process of a perfect accident is multi-stage, non-obvious in nature, the recognition of which requires high qualifications and special knowledge in several scientific fields. Often the complexity of an accident is expressed in the fact that the vehicle that made the collision fled the scene.

An analysis of the literature shows that an incident (crime) is considered to be non-obvious if at the time of initiation of a criminal case the person who committed it is unknown, and in order to identify and detain this person, it is necessary to carry out investigative actions and operational-search measures.

Difficult accident is in those cases when it is associated with the construction of several mental probabilistic models. The complexity of an accident depends on the number of its structural elements, the connections between them. If to recognize an accident it is enough to build its unambiguous mental model, then what situation will be simple.

In the process of an accident, traces and damage of a very diverse nature are formed. At the same time, a certain pattern of their display is traced, due to the mechanism of a traffic accident.

• Kristi N. M., Tishin V. S. Transport and trasological expertise in cases of road accidents. Diagnostic studies. Part 2: methodical. manual for experts, investigators and judges / edited by Yu. G. Korukhov. M.: Expert Library, 2006. S. 3-7.
• Belyaev M.V., Bushuev V.V., Demin K.V. Trasology and traceological expertise. Private teaching methodology in the specialty 031003.65 Forensic examination: educational and methodical. allowance. M. : Publishing House of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2013. S. 96-102.

The interaction TC in a collision is determined by the forces arising in the process of contact. Depending on the configuration of the parts in contact, they occur in different areas at different times, changing in magnitude in the process of moving TC relative to each other.

Therefore, their action can be taken into account only as the action of the resultant of the set of momentum vectors of these forces during the period of contact TC with each other.

Under the influence of these forces, mutual penetration and general deformation of the vehicle bodies occur, the speed of translational movement and its direction change, and a turn of the TC occurs relative to the centers of gravity.

The interaction forces are determined by the deceleration (acceleration during the impact in the same direction) that occurs during the impact, which, in turn, depends on the distance that the TCs move relative to each other in the process of damping the speed by these forces (in the process of mutual introduction).

The more rigid and durable parts contacted TC during the collision, the less (ceteris paribus) will be the depth of mutual penetration, the greater the deceleration due to the reduction in the time of the fall of the speed in the process of mutual contact.

The average value of the deceleration TC in the process of mutual implementation can be determined by the formula

The accuracy of the calculation results to a large extent depends on the accuracy of determining the distance D, which can only be established by the traceological method. To do this, it is necessary to determine the distance between the centers of gravity TC at the moment of primary contact during a collision and the distance between them at the moment when the mutual penetration has reached its maximum value (until the colliding sections leave contact with each other - in sliding collisions), and find the difference between these distances.

The deceleration value determined in this way is an average. Its actual value at certain moments can be much higher. If we assume that the increase in deceleration during a blocking collision occurs according to the straight line law, the final deceleration value will be 2 times higher than the calculated average.

The extent and nature of the deformations, as well as the displacement of the TC during the collision, depend mainly on three circumstances: the type of collision, the speed of approach, and the type of the colliding vehicle.

Formation of deformations. Depending on the type of collision, the location of deformations along the perimeter of the TC and their nature (direction under the influence of the contacting parts, general deformations of the hull) are determined. In a blocking collision, the general direction of deformations coincides with the direction of the relative velocity vector; in a sliding collision, it can deviate significantly due to the occurrence of transverse components of the interaction forces. The relative displacement of the centers of gravity TC during the formation of deformations in a sliding collision can be much larger than in a blocking collision, which reduces the interaction forces due to greater damping. In addition, in a sliding collision, a smaller part of the kinetic energy of the vehicle is spent on the formation of deformations, which also contributes to a decrease in the interaction forces during a collision.

The overall deformation of the TC body during a collision is affected by the eccentricity of the impact: in an eccentric collision, it is more significant than in a central one.

The rate of convergence TC at the moment of collision has a great influence on the formation of deformations, since the deceleration in the process of formation of deformations is proportional to the square of the velocity of approach. The higher the approach speed, the more significant both the overall deformation of the hull and the deformation of the parts of the vehicle that were in direct contact during the collision.

The speed of approach of the areas that were in contact during the collision should not be identified with the speed of approach of the centers of gravity TC before the collision. In some cases, they can even be opposite in sign (for example, when a car hits the rear wheel of a heavy truck, when the areas that were in contact during the collision approached at the moment of increasing the distance between the centers of gravity of the vehicle).

Since damage TC in a collision depends on the strength and rigidity of the contacting parts and their relative position, the type of TC has a great influence on their formation; often, with the almost complete destruction of a passenger car, the truck with which a collision occurred has only minor abrasions without significant damage to its parts.

Speed ​​change. Depending on the type of collision, the speed TC after the collision may decrease sharply (in the case of a head-on collision), increase (in the case of a passing rear collision), and the direction of movement may also change (in the case of a cross-collision).

When the forces of interaction during a collision act in a horizontal plane, the change in the speed of TC and its direction during the collision is determined by the condition of equality of the resultant momentum of two TC before and after the collision (the law of conservation of momentum). Therefore, the momentum vectors of each of the two TCs before and after the collision are guardians of parallelograms built on diagonals, equal in magnitude and direction to the momentum vector of both TCs (Fig. 1.2).

To determine the direction of movement or speed TC before the collision, it is very important to investigate the direction of the tracks of the wheels of the TC immediately after the impact, which will allow you to establish the direction of displacement of the centers of gravity of each TC and the speed of their movement (by displacement and turn around the center of gravity during the movement) after the impact.

Rice. 1.2. Scheme for determining the relationship between momentum vectors TC before and after a collision

In a blocking eccentric collision, interaction forces act on TC, resulting in a reversal of TC in the direction of the inertial moment that has arisen - the sharper, the greater the eccentricity of the impact. In this case, if the collision is longitudinal, the center of gravity TC shifts from the line of impact and TC acquires a new direction of motion by the time it leaves the contact. After the collision, the TCs diverge at some angle to each other, if no adhesion has occurred between them, while simultaneously turning in the direction of the inertial moment acting.

In a longitudinal sliding collision, the resultant of the impulses of the interaction forces can significantly deviate from the longitudinal direction as a result of the “wedging” of the TS, when the mutual rejection of the contacting sections in the transverse direction occurs. In this case, TC also diverge in opposite directions from the longitudinal direction, but the rejection of the contacting sections causes the TC to turn in the opposite direction if the resultant of the momentum vectors of the interaction forces passes ahead of the center of gravity of the vehicle, or in the same direction if it passes behind.

The direction and speed of approach (relative speed) of the sections that were in contact during the collision are determined by the vector of the geometric difference of the speed vectors of their movement at the moment of impact (Fig. 1.3). The direction of this speed can also be established by traceological means in the direction of the tracks that appeared on the contacting parts at the initial moment.

The approach speed affects not only the cost of kinetic energy for the deformation of the TS parts, but also the change in the direction and speed of TC movement in the process of contact.

The higher the approach speed, the more the projections of the velocity vectors of both TCs on the direction of this velocity change (in accordance with the law of conservation of momentum).

Rice. 1.3. Scheme for determining the relative speed (meeting speed) TC in a collision

The influence of the type of colliding TC on the direction and speed of their movement after the impact is due to the fact that parts come into contact that differ in strength, horizontal position and height, the nature of the interaction (deforming or collapsing, smooth or interlocking), etc. This contributes to the deviation of the resultant impulses of the interaction forces from the direction of the approach velocity both horizontally and vertically (when one TC “creeps” under the other).

The deviation of the resultant in the vertical plane leads to the fact that the patterns of rejection of TC change during the collision. The vehicle, which will be pressed against the supporting surface of the vertical component of the interaction force, will experience greater resistance to displacement due to an increase in the adhesion of the wheels to the road surface and will move a shorter distance than with the horizontal direction of this force. Another vehicle, thrown up by the impact of the vertical component of the interaction force, on the contrary, will shift to a greater distance. Under this condition, the deviation of the direction of movement of TC and the speed of their movement after the collision may somewhat disagree with the law of conservation of momentum, if we do not take into account the fact that the forces of resistance to displacement in the process of their contact could be different.

Therefore, in the traceological study of TC after a collision, it is necessary to pay attention to signs indicating the run-up of one TC onto another, in which vertical components of the interaction force arise. Such signs are prints or traces left by parts of one TC on another at a height greater than the height of these parts in the normal position of the TC; traces on the upper surfaces of the deformed parts of one vehicle, left by the lower parts of another; traces of collision with wheels from above, etc.

The reversal of TC in the process of contact during a collision occurs during eccentric collisions, when the resultant of the impulses of the interaction forces does not coincide with the center of gravity of TC and, under the action of the inertial moment arising under this condition, TC has time to acquire an angular velocity.

In blocking collisions, the direction of impact closely coincides with the direction of the relative velocity of the sections of the vehicle that were in contact during the collision, in sliding ones, the resulting transverse components of the interaction forces deflect the resultant in the direction opposite to the location of the section that was hit. The direction of the turn after the collision will depend on how the resultant will pass relative to the center of gravity of the vehicle.

In expert practice, this circumstance is not always taken into account, which in some cases, in the absence of data on the traces left by the TC in the process of discarding after a collision, can lead to an erroneous conclusion about the direction of the TC turn and the mechanism of the accident as a whole.

Trasological research should identify signs of the nature of the collision (sliding or blocking). In a glancing collision, when the TCs are out of contact with each other before the relative velocity drops to zero, there are longitudinal paths following the main damage, the protruding or partially torn parts are bent back at the end of the deformations; after the incident in the longitudinal direction, TCs are located on both sides of the collision site.

Signs of a blocking collision are the presence of traces on the contact areas (imprints of individual parts of one TC on the surfaces of another) and a large depth of mutual penetration in a limited area.

The angle of turn during contact is generally small if the relative movement TC is small during mutual contact, at low approach speed and blocking collisions, and also at low impact eccentricity.

Incidents and accidents, unfortunately, happen in our time very often. This is due to a large number vehicles, inexperienced drivers, external causes and other factors. Therefore, today we will talk about the concept, analysis, classification, main and other types of road transport, their characteristics, causes, consequences and types of responsibility.

The traditional division of accidents by type

So, how many types of accidents are divided into and how are they classified? There are the following types of accidents.

3 main factors of an accident

clash

This type of accident, collision, is one of the most common accidents. A motor vehicle in such an accident collides with another MTS, with an animal or with.

Collisions of two MTS are as follows.

1. Frontal.
2. Rear.
3. Side.
4. Tangents.

It's important to know:

• The most dangerous of them are frontal. Most often they happen due to movement.
• Multiple vehicles may be involved in a rear collision. The most common reason is .
• Side collisions are not considered as dangerous, but are very common. Usually happen at intersections due to.
• Tangent collisions are due to inattention at . Of all the types, these accidents are the least dangerous.

Wherein:

• In collisions with railway transport, the driver of the car is in the vast majority to blame. Such accidents are almost always fatal, because the driver does not have the ability to stop the train.
• Collisions with animals most often occur outside the city at night. In these accidents, the machine can receive severe damage, sometimes irreparable.

A specialist will tell you more about the classic types of accidents in this video:

Hitting

Depending on the object, there are the following types.

• . A vehicle in motion runs over a person on the roadway or sidewalk.
• To the obstacle. In this case, the collision occurs with a stationary object.
• For a cyclist.
• For a real MTS.
• For horse-drawn transport. The car ran over a draft animal or its cart.

Accidents happen because of the carelessness of both drivers and pedestrians and cyclists. The situation with collisions in conditions of poor visibility worsens.

Now let's talk about rollover as a type of accident.

rollover

It often happens on country roads where high is allowed. These accidents are unpredictable. Passengers, in particular, as a result of a car impact, can have severe injuries, even fatal ones.

In addition, the car may catch fire. The damage from such accidents is significant, often the car can no longer be restored.

The specialist will tell about the reasons for the formation of different types of accidents in the video below:

The fall

Falls from overpasses and bridges occur as a result of force majeure, and as a result of the driver losing control of the vehicle. As a rule, the driver (in a state of alcoholic or drug intoxication). In such accidents, even when falling from low heights, they rarely survive. These accidents are characterized by severe consequences, because random people who find themselves in the place of the fall can also die.

Dropping loads can cause . Loads that are loosely secured pose a threat to road safety. The suddenness of the situation is especially insidious. The load falls from the car in front, and the driver of the car following behind simply does not have time to react.

About the types of injuries and damage to the car in an accident and a detailed classification, read below. We talked about the types of topographic analysis of road accidents separately.

Statistics for different types car accident