Suppositories for staphylococcal infection gynecology. Staphylococcus aureus in the vagina (genital staphylococcus aureus). Prevention and therapy for staphylococcal infection

- This is the presence in the mucous membranes of the organ of staphylococcus, a spherical bacteria that can cause inflammatory processes. Within the limits of acceptable values, a woman may have such a transient type of staphylococcus, such as epidermal staphylococcus. In a healthy woman, it will not cause disease, as a normally functioning immune system will inhibit the growth of this bacterium.

Less than 10% of women are carriers of Staphylococcus aureus in the vagina, and the bacteria also do not cause inflammation in them, due to their strong local immunity. In the remaining 90%, Staphylococcus aureus in the vagina causes an infectious and inflammatory process.

If there are problems in the immune system and staphylococcus in the vagina began to multiply actively, this will lead to the development of the following symptoms:

Pain sensations localized in the pelvic region.

Discharge with impurities of pus and having an unpleasant odor.

Excessive discharge can also cause a burning sensation in the genital area.

If the bladder and urinary tract are affected, there may be a burning sensation and pain during urination.

Unpleasant, often painful sensations during intimacy.

The presence of abscesses in the genital area, most often.

General malaise and weakness.

The appearance of orange cups on the skin of the labia.

Frequent exacerbations of candidal vaginitis, with all accompanying symptoms.

Causes of staphylococcus in the vagina

Staphylococci constantly surround a person and live on the skin, household items, in the dust, in the air.

They can get on the vaginal mucosa in several ways:

During hygiene procedures, staphylococcus aureus can enter the vaginal mucosa, for example, from the intestines. Especially if intimate hygiene is not carried out correctly.

During a medical examination, with insufficient compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards.

During intercourse.

In addition, in order for the bacterium to begin to multiply actively, it needs certain conditions.

These become:

A decrease in the body's immune forces against the background of an infectious disease, with an exacerbation of a chronic disease, etc.;

Disorders of the endocrine system,;

Tissue injury, for example, during labor or during diagnostic procedures;

Diseases of the genital area, for example, etc.;

Poor or improper hygienic care;

Violations of the microflora of the vagina, the death of lactobacilli and the prevalence of an acidic environment.

All these factors contribute to the fact that even staphylococcus, which has not shown itself in any way before, begins to grow and multiply, causing an inflammatory process.

Treatment of staphylococcus in the vagina

In order to confirm or deny the presence of staphylococcus in the vagina, a woman will need to take a smear for bacterial culture. When the diagnosis is confirmed, the doctor prescribes treatment. It is aimed at eliminating pathogenic flora, at restoring it, as well as at correcting and maintaining the body's immune forces.

Therefore, doctors practice the following therapeutic scheme:

Taking antibacterial agents in tablet form. The most popular are penicillin drugs, including Ampicillin, as well as combined drugs, for example, Amoxiclav, Flemoklav and others. The choice of a specific drug name will depend on the bacterial culture carried out and the sensitivity of the bacteria to a particular drug.

Local treatment using antibacterial suppositories, such as: Zalain (with the active ingredient cericonazole), Livarol (with the active ingredient - ketoconazole). Often, vaginal tablets are prescribed, among which the most popular are imidil, clotrimazole, antifungol 500, etc.

Topical treatment with antiseptic drugs used for douching. It can be Miramistin, potassium permanganate solution, hydrogen peroxide.

Restoration of the normal microflora of the vagina, for which vaginal tablets are used - Vagilak, Gynoflor, Ekofemin.

Treatment of concomitant disease, if any, with etiotropic agents.

Reception of vitamin and mineral complexes.

Use of antihistamines.

In addition, a woman should follow a light diet with the exception of spicy, fried and fatty foods.

Preventive measures should be aimed not only at preventing infection of the vagina with staphylococcus, but also at restraining its growth and development with possible asymptomatic carriage.

Among the most effective preventive measures, the following are considered:

Thorough intimate and personal hygiene, with obligatory hand washing;

Refusal to take any medicines without a doctor's prescription, especially antibacterial action;

Refusal from low-quality underwear made of synthetic materials, which can not only injure the skin, but also become a favorable environment for the development of bacteria;

Timely treatment of diseases of the genital area;

Avoiding frequent stress, genital trauma;

Using reliable contraceptive methods such as condoms;

Refusal of bad habits, poor-quality food, maintaining physical fitness;

Use of personal hygiene products.

These simple rules will help to avoid infection and maintain the vaginal microflora, as well as the state of the immune system. As for the prognosis for recovery, it is favorable with timely treatment.

Education: Diploma in Obstetrics and Gynecology was obtained at the Russian State Medical University of the Federal Agency for Healthcare and Social Development (2010). In 2013 completed postgraduate studies at N.N. N.I. Pirogova.

Staphylococci constantly surround a person and live on the skin, household items, in the dust, in the air.

They can get on the vaginal mucosa in several ways:

During hygiene procedures, staphylococcus aureus can enter the vaginal mucosa, for example, from the intestines. Especially if intimate hygiene is not carried out correctly.

During a medical examination, with insufficient compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards.

During intercourse.

In addition, in order for the bacterium to begin to multiply actively, it needs certain conditions.

These become:

A decrease in the body's immune forces against the background of an infectious disease, with an exacerbation of a chronic disease, etc.;

Endocrine system disorders, diabetes mellitus;

Tissue injury, for example, during labor or during diagnostic procedures;

Diseases of the genital area, for example, endometritis, fibroids, etc.;

Poor or improper hygienic care;

Violations of the microflora of the vagina, the death of lactobacilli and the prevalence of an acidic environment.

All these factors contribute to the fact that even staphylococcus, which has not shown itself in any way before, begins to grow and multiply, causing an inflammatory process.

Staphylococcus bacteria live in different places of the human body, absolutely not showing their presence until a certain moment.

They live on the skin, are part of the intestinal microflora, genitourinary system.

Staphylococcus aureus. Main symptoms

If there are problems in the immune system and staphylococcus in the vagina began to multiply actively, this will lead to the development of the following symptoms:

Pain sensations localized in the pelvic region.

Discharge with impurities of pus and having an unpleasant odor.

Excessive discharge can cause itching and burning in the genital area.

If the bladder and urinary tract are affected, there may be a burning sensation and pain during urination.

Unpleasant, often painful sensations during intimacy.

The presence of abscesses in the genital area, most often boils.

General malaise and weakness.

Temperature rise to 38 degrees.

Sleep disorders and neuroses.

The appearance of orange cups on the skin of the labia.

Frequent exacerbations of candidal vaginitis, with all accompanying symptoms.

With a normal concentration of staphylococci in a smear in women, they do not cause discomfort. However, certain circumstances provoke the activation of the pathogenic form of bacteria.

In such cases, certain symptoms occur:

• nervousness, irritability;
• burning, itching in the genital area, especially aggravated at night;
• a rash on the genitals;
• mucous discharge with an unpleasant odor;
• discomfort during intercourse.

Such manifestations indicate significant excess of the normal number of staphylococci.

In addition, pathogenic bacteria in an active state cause skin diseases in the form of acne, boils and internal inflammation.

In this case, a particular danger is posed by malignant sepsis, which affects the whole organism. In advanced cases, pneumonia can develop, and in nursing mothers, purulent mastitis.

Staphylococcal inflammatory process is practically not amenable to treatment with penicillin.

Pathogenic staphylococcus aureus in a smear in women is manifested against the background of a significant decrease in lactobacilli and an increase in the number of leukocytes and mucus.

Normal Staphylococcus aureus should not exceed 103 units under the microscope.

With such smear results, the identified microorganism does not pose a threat to the body and does not manifest itself in any way.

Widespread purulent skin lesions can lead to general blood poisoning. Pregnant women are at a special risk group, since staphylococcal infections can infect a baby during childbirth, causing him severe pneumonia, nephritis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis.

When staphylococcus enters the intestine, a general poisoning of the body occurs, which manifests itself in nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and an increase in body temperature.

It should be borne in mind that the body does not develop immunity against these pathogenic bacteria.

Accordingly, in case of re-infection, care and accuracy must be exercised.

Symptoms of staphylococcal infection depend on the place where the pathogen enters the body and the state of the human immune system.

Skin infections:

• folliculitis, furuncle - purulent processes on the skin and hair follicle;
• carbuncle - an extensive purulent process in which several follicles merge into an extensive focus with a necrotic center;
• phlegmon - melting of subcutaneous tissues with the formation of a purulent area;
• an abscess is a purulent process in the subcutaneous tissue, limited from healthy areas.

Symptoms of Staphylococcus aureus on the skin are accompanied by pain in the focus of inflammation, an increase in body temperature to critical values.

Respiratory tract infections:

• angina - purulent inflammation of the tonsils;
• pneumonia - an inflammatory process in the lungs;
• empyema of the pleura - pus accumulates between the areas of the pleura;
• lung abscess.

Urinary tract infections:

• cystitis - the mucous membrane of the bladder is affected;
• urethritis - the inner surface of the urethra becomes inflamed;
• pyelonephritis - inflammation in the damaged pelvis.

Infections in the organs of the central nervous system:

• Abscesses in the tissues of the brain.
• Thrombi and thrombosis of the sinuses of the brain.

Circulatory system - endocarditis - purulent inflammation of the heart muscles, various types of thrombosis.

Skeletal system, joints - osteomyelitis, purulent arthritis and bursitis, necrosis of bone and periosteum.

Intestinal infections - especially young children suffer.

Symptoms of Staphylococcus aureus in adults and children may differ, but depend on the location of the pathogen's damage to the body.

Diagnostics

For a gynecologist, confirmation of the diagnosis of nonspecific vaginitis is usually straightforward. For this, only two criteria are enough - objective and laboratory signs:

• At the first stage, an external examination is carried out, aimed at identifying characteristic inflammatory changes. With the primary acute variant and exacerbation of the chronic form, a simple examination of the vagina in the mirrors is enough, which allows you to see the characteristic signs. If there are doubts, then a simple colposcopy comes to the rescue.
• The second stage is the verification of the causative agent of the infection - for this, smears are taken from the vagina, urethra and cervical canal. Their microscopic and bacteriological examination allows you to accurately determine which microorganism caused the inflammatory changes.

Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus depends on the location of the pathological process:

• Surgical intervention.

This is indispensable for abscesses, phlegmon in any organs and systems. The abscess must be drained.

• Treatment of staphylococcus aureus conservatively.

The choice of the drug is the task of the attending physician. Therapeutic tactics depend on the signs of staphylococcus in adults:

• Antibiotics - after bacterial culture with determination of sensitivity to a particular drug. The course should be started with any means - cephalostorins, penicillins, "Amoxiclav", "Vancomycin". Then adjust the assignment after the analysis results.
• To treat Staphylococcus aureus using bacteriophages are special viruses that can destroy various types of microorganisms. Assign after analysis for sensitivity to bacteriophages.
• Staphylococcus aureus can be treated with specialized immunoglobulins or plasma. Also, drugs are prescribed, aimed at activating the protective functions of the body.

Important! Until the cause of the disease - a pathogenic microorganism - has been identified, the treatment will not be crowned with success!

Staphylococcus aureus: how is the infection spread?

Infection with Staphylococcus aureus occurs from sick people and carriers in whom the microorganism lives peacefully on the skin, on the mucous membrane of the respiratory system, intestines, genitals. In addition, improperly sterilized medical instruments and patient care items can be sources of pathogenic bacteria.

The entrance gate for infection is most often the skin, respiratory tract, and digestive tract. Getting the same infection into other internal organs (lungs, heart, bones, joints, brain, etc.) is, as a rule, a secondary process.

When is specific treatment needed?

Despite the identification of several clinical forms, the principles of treatment of nonspecific vaginitis are the same. Their indispensable element is the complex nature of the use of therapeutic factors:

1. At the first stage, antibacterial agents are always used, which makes it possible to destroy the main population of microbes and eliminate the manifestations of the disease. Moreover, to increase the effectiveness of therapy, it is practiced to prescribe funds in the local (douching with antiseptics, vaginal suppositories and tablets) and systemic form. Preference is given to drugs with combined properties that effectively affect both staphylococci and other microorganisms.
2. At the second stage, the search and correction of violations that contribute to the development of vaginal dysbiosis is carried out. These can be various chronic diseases, hormonal disorders, and even banal non-observance of the principles of hygiene.
3. At the final stage, the normal microflora of the vagina is restored - a natural protective factor. For this, preparations of lactobacilli (eubiotics) are used in a local form.

After the course of treatment, the effectiveness control is necessarily carried out in order to exclude the likelihood of the transition of the disease into a latent course. For this, the woman undergoes a second examination, which also includes examination and taking smears. If its results are normal, then the patient is given general recommendations, the observance of which minimizes the risk of recurrence of the infection.

We have prepared for you a hit parade of twelve of the most effective and safe means, with the help of which modern specialists treat staphylococcus aureus. But let this information not serve as a reason for self-medication, because only a qualified doctor, after a thorough diagnosis, can prescribe a drug that is right for you and will not cause unwanted side effects. It is especially important to show a good doctor a child suffering from a staphylococcal infection, and not be too lazy to pass the necessary tests.

Bacterial lysates

The group of lysates includes preparations that are a fragmented multibacterial culture. Once in the body, particles of bacteria (including staphylococcus) cannot cause a full-scale infection, since their cellular structure is disturbed. But they can provoke an immune response and the production of antibodies.

Lysates have many advantages - safety, lack of addiction, contraindications and side effects, the ability to take them as needed, and not follow a fixed course of treatment. There is only one drawback - high cost. The most popular lysates for the treatment of staphylococcus: imudon, respibron, bronchomunal, spray IRS-19.

Staphylococcal toxoid

This drug is a toxin (poisonous waste product) of staphylococci grown in the laboratory. The toxin is purified and neutralized, and then placed in 1 ml ampoules and packaged in boxes of 10 ampoules. This volume of staphylococcal toxoid is enough for one course of treatment, the result of which will be the formation of stable immunity in an adult. Toxoid is contraindicated in children.

The introduction of the drug is carried out in a hospital for ten days, alternately under the right and left scapula. The nurse carefully monitors the patient's condition during the first 30 minutes after the injection. Allergic reactions, up to anaphylactic shock, are possible. During the entire course of treatment, subfebrile body temperature, redness and swelling of the skin at the injection site of toxoid may be observed.

Staphylococcal antifagin (vaccine)

Unlike toxoid, the vaccine is a complex of ready-made heat-resistant antigens for all possible types of staphylococcus. It is also sold in 1 ml ampoules and cartons of 10 ampoules. Vaccination against staphylococcus is allowed from the age of six months, however, exceptions are allowed, the main thing is that the baby's body weight is at least 2.5 kg.

KIP (Complex immunoglobulin preparation)

This medicine for the treatment of staphylococcus and other bacterial infections is made from donated blood by drying. KIP is a protein powder containing antibodies of three types (IgA (15-25%), IgM (15-25%), IgG (50-70%) and packaged in glass ampoules with a capacity of 5 ml. staphylococcus, because it contains the largest amount of IgA and IgM antibodies in comparison with other immunoglobulin drugs.

IgM antibodies effectively destroy staphylococci, shigella, salmonella, escherichia and other pathogens of intestinal infections, IgA antibodies prevent bacteria from multiplying and adhering to the cells of the body, and IgG antibodies neutralize toxins and help destroy staphylococcus by macrophages - the fighters of our immunity.

Anti-staphylococcal human immunoglobulin

It is also a protein powder extracted from donated blood, but it differs from KIP in its narrow specialization: it contains antibodies only to the alpha-exotoxin of staphylococcus. Taking such a drug, a patient with staphylococcal infection receives temporary help from a donor. As soon as the intake of immunoglobulin is stopped, the effect will end, because such treatment does not force the body to produce its own antibodies to staphylococcus, but only compensates for their absence.

Aloe vera

Preparations based on aloe extract (capsules, gels, injection solutions, ointments, syrups) have proven themselves well not only in the treatment of staphylococcus aureus. The high biological activity of aloe vera allows you to strengthen the immune system, cope with an infection of any localization and quickly alleviate the patient's condition.

But like any powerful natural stimulant, aloe vera has contraindications. It is not recommended for pregnant women, as well as for women with heavy periods, endometriosis and polycystic disease, since aloe increases blood circulation and can provoke internal bleeding. It also increases the activity of the endocrine glands, which is very dangerous for gastric ulcer and pancreatitis.

Chlorophyllipt

Another medicinal plant that can cope with staphylococcus is eucalyptus. From the juice of eucalyptus leaves, an alcohol solution (from 0.25 to 1% concentration) is made for internal and local use, as well as an oil solution (2% concentration) for intravaginal use in staphylococcal erosion of the cervix.

A weak alcoholic solution of chlorophyllipt is added to water and drunk for intestinal infections, as well as buried and put in the nose, gargled with a sore throat, put enemas - that is, used to sanitize mucous membranes. A more concentrated preparation is suitable for the treatment of skin affected by abscesses, ulcers, boils and fistulas. In rare cases (with sepsis, peritonitis, pleural empyema, pulmonary abscess), chlorophyllipt is injected intravenously or directly into the body cavity.

Before the first use, a test for an allergic reaction is always carried out: the patient drinks half a glass of water with 25 drops of chlorophyllipt dissolved, and if no negative effects are observed during the day, staphylococcus can be treated with this drug. Chlorophyllipt is prescribed only for adults and children over twelve years of age.

Mupirocin

This is the international non-proprietary name of an antibiotic, which acts as an active ingredient in several medicinal ointments: Bonderm, Supirocin, Bactroban. Mupirocin has a very wide range of uses; it is active against staphylococci, gonococci, pneumococci and streptococci, including those that are golden and resistant to methicillin.

With the help of ointments based on mupirocin, local treatment of skin and nasal staphylococcal infections is carried out. There are two types of ointments with different concentrations of antibiotic, separately for the skin, separately for the mucous membrane. Theoretically, you can lubricate abscesses, ulcers and boils with any type of ointment, but you only need to put in the nose a specially designed drug for this.

Baneocin

This is also an ointment for external use, the active component of which is a tandem of two antibiotics: neomycin and bacitracin. Both antibacterial agents are active against staphylococci, but together they work better, cover more strains, and addiction develops to them more slowly.

Baneocin is almost not absorbed into the bloodstream when applied topically, but creates a very high concentration of antibiotics in the skin, therefore it copes well with abscesses, ulcers and boils caused by staphylococcus. Nevertheless, like all antibiotics of the aminoglycoside group, bacitracin and neomycin are dangerous for their side effects: hearing and vision depression, impaired renal function, and impaired circulation of nerve impulses in the muscles.

Baneocin ointment is available without a prescription and is allowed for children, but is not recommended for pregnant and lactating women due to the risk of antibiotics entering the blood and breast milk.

Fusidin

Is it possible to completely get rid of staphylococcus?

Let's say right away - no, you can't. Only in very rare cases, when staphylococcus got on a small area of ​​the skin, and human immunity was activated for some reason, macrophages manage to cope with an uninvited guest, and then they talk about "transient carriage of staphylococcus." If such a situation is discovered, it is by pure chance.

More often, the pathogen manages to gain a foothold in a new place, especially if the contact was extensive (bathing in an infected pond, using infected clothing, bed linen, towels). Acquired in a hospital, kindergarten, school, or summer camp, staphylococcus aureus usually lives in the body for life.

Why doesn't the immune system of a healthy child or adult get rid of this dangerous bacteria? Because there are no objective reasons for that, until the carrier turns into a disease. Staphylococcus modestly sitting in a corner does not arouse any interest in the immune system, leukocytes and macrophages do not hunt for it, and the necessary antibodies are not produced in the blood.

In these cases, it is necessary to resort to immunostimulating therapy and sanitation of the available problem areas: pharynx, nasopharynx, skin, vagina. Such measures will not allow you to get rid of staphylococcus forever, but will significantly reduce the number of its colonies and reduce the risk of carrier transition into a dangerous disease.

Antibiotics and staphylococcus

In fact, there is only one objective reason for using antibiotics against such a resistant and flexible pathogen as staphylococcus aureus - the expected benefits will outweigh the inevitable harm. Only in the case when the infection has engulfed the entire body, got into the bloodstream, caused a fever, and natural defenses are not enough to defeat the disease, do you have to resort to antibiotic therapy.

But there are three good reasons to stop using antibiotics when treating staphylococcus aureus:

To cope with some types of pathogen, for example, with Staphylococcus aureus, can only be cephalosporins of the second or third generation, semi-synthetic penicillins (oxacillin, methicillin), and the most powerful modern antibiotics (vancomycin, teicoplanin, fuzidin, linezolid). It is increasingly necessary to resort to extreme measures, because over the past 5-10 years, staphylococci have mutated and acquired the beta-lactamase enzyme, with which they successfully destroy cephalosporins and methicillin. For such pathogens, there is the term MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), and they have to be destroyed by combinations of drugs, for example, fusidin with biseptol. And if the patient used antibiotics uncontrollably before the onset of an extensive staphylococcal infection, the pathogen may be insensitive;

No matter how effective the antibiotic is, in practice, the effect of its use against staphylococcus is almost always temporary. For example, with furunculosis, after successful relief of the infection in 60% of patients, the disease recurs, and it is no longer possible to cope with it with the help of the same drug, since the pathogen has adapted. Obviously, such a price is worth paying only for "getting out of the peak", when it is simply impossible to stabilize the condition of a patient with staphylococcal infection without an antibiotic;

Antibiotics do not choose their victims - in addition to the bacteria against which you use them, they destroy other microorganisms, including beneficial ones. Long-term treatment with antibacterial drugs almost always provokes dysbiosis in the gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary organs, and also aggravates the risk of activating other infections present in the body in the form of a carrier.

The harm caused by this microorganism

The most common and dangerous of all varieties of this type of bacteria is Staphylococcus aureus. Penetrating into the human body, in particular into the woman's vagina, he may not show himself at all. But there are signs that help to identify the role of this microorganism in the appearance of a particular disease in a woman.

1. The patient feels an unbearable burning sensation in the vagina.
2. Severe pain syndrome develops.
3. Over time, a discharge appears that is not typical of the vagina.
4. When the disease is neglected, yellow or orange scales may appear on the skin of a woman. This happens in very severe cases, when the disease begins to break out.
5. When staphylococcus enters the urethra from the vagina, infection with microbes and the development of diseases in the genitourinary system of the patient can occur, which is most often detected due to the occurrence of severe burning sensation when urinating.
6. Staphylococcus infection of vaginal structures most often causes the development of dysbiosis.
7. Staphylococcus aureus trapped in the vagina can provoke recurrent thrush in a sick woman.
8. On the labia of the patient, staphylococcus aureus causes severe itching, which constantly intensifies as the disease progresses.
9. Often, microorganisms of this type penetrate into the vagina and begin to multiply there when the normal level of acidity in the vaginal structures is disturbed.

Prevention of staphylococcus in the vagina

Preventive measures should be aimed not only at preventing infection of the vagina with staphylococcus, but also at restraining its growth and development with possible asymptomatic carriage.

Among the most effective preventive measures, the following are considered:

Thorough intimate and personal hygiene, with obligatory hand washing;

Refusal to take any medicines without a doctor's prescription, especially antibacterial action;

Refusal from low-quality underwear made of synthetic materials, which can not only injure the skin, but also become a favorable environment for the development of bacteria;

Timely treatment of diseases of the genital area;

Avoiding frequent stress, genital trauma;

Using reliable contraceptive methods such as condoms;

Refusal of bad habits, poor-quality food, maintaining physical fitness;

Use of personal hygiene products.

These simple rules will help to avoid infection and maintain the vaginal microflora, as well as the state of the immune system. As for the prognosis for recovery, it is favorable with timely treatment.

The vaginal microflora of a healthy woman contains about a hundred different microorganisms.

The share of opportunistic bacteria and fungi accounts for no more than 5%. Streptococcus or Staphylococcus aureus is found in almost every second patient in a smear.

A strong immune system inhibits the growth of colonies of these microorganisms, therefore, it is advisable to prescribe treatment only when an inflammatory process is found in women, which is provoked by streptococcus or staphylococcus.

Causes of Infections

A huge variety of fungi and microorganisms coexist on the vaginal mucosa.

Representatives of the coccal flora also live here:

• group B streptococci;
• epidermal staphylococcus;
• Staphylococcus aureus;
• green streptococcus.

While the immune system maintains the balance of microflora, active growth of pathogenic bacteria does not occur. For cocci to start multiplying, serious reasons are needed:

If a woman is not a carrier of streptococcus or staphylococcus, she can become infected with them during unprotected sex. Cocci penetrate through microdamages of the mucous membrane and exist in a latent state.

Indirect causes of the development of coccal infection:

Urogenital diseases caused by cocci have vivid symptoms and are treated with antibacterial drugs.

Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of infections

In gynecology, streptococcal or staphylococcal infections cause the following diseases:

• urethritis;
• cystitis;
• vaginitis (vulvovaginitis);
• cervicitis;
• cervicovaginitis;
• adnexitis;
• salpingitis.

The acute stage of the above diseases in women has pronounced symptoms:

An external examination reveals other symptoms: the mucous membrane of the vagina acquires a crimson hue, becomes edematous, the presence of small punctate hemorrhages is likely. Sometimes in the discharge from the vagina in women, blood particles are observed.

Similar symptoms are characteristic of the acute course of the disease. Chronic streptococcal infection in gynecology has more blurred signs. Further treatment will depend on the results of the study. The main research method in women: a smear of the contents of the vagina. Staphylococcus aureus has similar symptoms to gonococcus, so it is so important to correctly identify the causative agent of the infection.

As auxiliary analyzes, the following can be used:

• bacteriological inoculation on the medium;
• general urine analysis;
• clinical blood test.

To get a reliable answer, it is recommended to stop using vaginal suppositories, sprays or tablets one week before the prospective study. Two days before the analysis, sexual intercourse and douching should be excluded. The last washing is carried out in the evening on the eve of the analysis; there is no need to wash in the morning.

The results of the study in women usually come after a few days. There is an opportunity to pass an express test for the pathogen. In this case, Staphylococcus aureus or streptococcal infection is determined within half an hour. Treatment is selected individually for each patient in view of the characteristics of the diagnosis, age and concomitant diseases.

Antibiotic therapy against infection

The most effective treatment of infection in women with drugs of the penicillin series. Complex therapy helps to relieve symptoms and stop the reproduction of the coccal flora: systemic antibiotic treatment and suppositories for local use.

Antibacterial treatment of coccal infection with penicillins (including Staphylococcus aureus):

Cephalosporin drugs:

• Cephalexin
• Cefuroxime;
• Cefazolin;
• Ceftriaxone;
• Suprax.

Treatment usually takes 7 to 10 days. It is forbidden to adjust the dosage or cancel the drug yourself. For a speedy recovery, treatment in women is supported by the use of topical agents.

Antibacterial candles:

Treatment in women is usually fixed with the appointment of drugs to restore the vaginal microflora. Candles Ginoflor, Vagisan, Vagilak have proven themselves well.

To avoid contracting a coccal infection, it is necessary to use condoms with a new partner, treat reproductive diseases in a timely manner, wear high-quality comfortable underwear and monitor the hygiene of the genitals.

Compliance with basic hygiene rules will maintain the state of local immunity. If unpleasant signs of a coccal infection are found, you should immediately consult a doctor. Early initiation of therapy provides a favorable prognosis for recovery.

Symptoms of staphylococcus in a smear in women

Causes of staphylococcus in a smear in women

Unprotected intercourse.

Diseases of the genital area;

Disruptions in the hormonal system;

Dysbacteriosis of the vagina, etc.

Treatment of staphylococcus in a smear in women

Prevention of staphylococcus in women

Education: Diploma in Obstetrics and Gynecology was obtained at the Russian State Medical University of the Federal Agency for Healthcare and Social Development (2010). In 2013 completed postgraduate studies at N.N. N.I. Pirogova.

Other doctors

Among the etiology of various gynecological diseases, bacterial infections play an important role. Staphylococcus aureus in the vagina causes the development of an inflammatory process. It is important to treat this disease on time, preventing its chronicity and complications.

This infection is found quite often in gynecology. Most women are carriers of staphylococcus, but with good local immunity, inflammation does not develop.

There are a number of factors that contribute to inflammation:

• decrease in general and local immunity;
• failure of hormonal balance;
• violation of vaginal acidity;
• improper treatment of infections;
• dysbiosis;
• gynecological diseases.

In the case of a decrease in the body's defenses, a pathological process develops, which is facilitated by injuries of the mucous membranes and a change in the pH of the vagina towards alkaline. Violation of the acid-base balance causes the death of lactic acid bacteria and the reproduction of conditionally pathogenic microflora.

Failure of the hormonal background is displayed on the state of the mucous membranes of the vagina, due to which their protective function suffers, they become the entrance gate for infection.

Staphylococcus aureus enters the vagina from the skin of the carrier. This bacterium often lives on the lining of the throat and causes the development of sore throat. Infection occurs from another person through the sharing of hygiene items. Like other sexually transmitted infections, infection can occur during intercourse.

If staphylococcus aureus lives on the membranes of the throat, then one of the ways of infection is oral sex. You can get infected during hygiene procedures and medical procedures.

Infection occurs when a smear is taken from the urethra, during ureteroscopy and other instrumental research methods. An important role is played by insufficient intimate hygiene, when staphylococcus is introduced from the skin around the intestines.

The incubation period takes on average 5-10 days. Sometimes it can be reduced to 2 days or extended to a month, depending on the state of the body and the activity of bacteria.

Symptoms

The course of the disease in women can pass with sluggish symptoms, without pronounced clinical manifestations. In other cases, acute symptoms of inflammation develop, which makes a woman turn to a gynecologist with obvious complaints.

In some cases, spontaneous recovery is possible, but more often the untreated process turns into a long chronic stage. The clinical picture of staphylococcal infection in women is largely similar to the manifestations of gonorrhea. Therefore, only the attending gynecologist should carry out diagnostics and therapy.

Typical symptoms of staphylococcus in the vagina are as follows:

• pain in the lower abdomen;
• burning and itching in the genitals;
• painful urination;
• yellow vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor;
• pain in the lower back;
• disturbed menstrual cycle;
• discomfort during intercourse;
• the appearance of pustular rashes on the genitals;
• development of candidal vaginitis.
• general malaise;
• fever;
• sleep disturbance.

A woman comes to an appointment with a gynecologist with complaints about aching pain in the lower abdomen, lower back. Sexual contact becomes painful. When the infection spreads to the urethra and bladder, painful urination occurs.

Menses with pathological yellow discharge. This causes itching and burning in the perineum, and a pungent odor appears. Of the menstrual irregularities, there is more often a delay in menstruation.

The development of vaginal candidiasis is evidenced by the appearance of cheesy discharge. The general malaise is moderately expressed, and the increase in body temperature can reach 38 degrees.

Treatment and prevention

To confirm the staphylococcal etiology of the disease, it is necessary to take a vaginal smear for bacterial culture. It is important to see a doctor on time, and self-medication is unacceptable. Improper use of drugs is fraught with complications and chronicity of the disease.

In addition to isolating staphylococcus, its sensitivity to antibiotics is determined, which determines the choice of a specific drug. General treatment is most often carried out with penicillin antibiotics and combination agents. The preference is given to protected drugs (Amoxiclav, Flemoklav).

Local therapy consists in the use of antibacterial suppositories: Livarol, Zalain. Vaginal tablets are used:

• Clotrimazole;
• Imidil;
• Antifungol.

Combined local treatment is carried out by douching with antiseptic solutions. For this, a pale solution of potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, Miramistin is used.

In the complex of therapy, an important place is occupied by the restoration of the vaginal microflora. For this, vaginal tablets are prescribed:

• Ecofemin;
• Vagilak;
• Gynoflor.

For general strengthening of the body, combined preparations with minerals and vitamin complexes are used. As symptomatic therapy to eliminate itching, swelling, with antipyretic purposes, antihistamines are prescribed.

To achieve the maximum effect, as well as to prevent re-infection, it is necessary to examine and treat the sexual partner.

During the course of therapy, a pause in sexual activity should be made. During this period, the female body needs a special diet that excludes fried, fatty and spicy foods. After a month, it is necessary to repeat the bacterial inoculation.

For the prevention of staphylococcal infection, you should take care of individual general and intimate hygiene. Natural underwear should be preferred. Condoms are the safest way to protect yourself during sexual intercourse.

Conclusion

Staphylococcus aureus in the vagina is a common problem in gynecology and causes severe symptoms. For a favorable prognosis, it is important to prescribe the correct and timely treatment.

Such an insidious enemy of women's health as staphylococcal infection in gynecology, treatment implies antibacterial treatment in combination with other general strengthening and local methods. Staphylococcal infection in women is caused by pathogenic staphylococci. The microorganism staphylococcus is widespread in nature, so it is not difficult to get infected with it.

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• development of dysbiosis;
• other factors.

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• purulent leucorrhoea;

• pathological periods.

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Staphylococcal infection in gynecology - treatment

Staphylococcal infections are represented by a large group of diseases that are caused by pathogenic staphylococci. These organisms are ubiquitous, and first of all, therefore, staphylococcal infection is no exception in gynecology.

• Staphylococcal infection in gynecology - treatment
• How staphylococcal infection manifests itself in gynecology: antibiotic treatment
• Methods of Infection with Staphylococcal Infection
• Causes of staphylococcal infection
• Gynecological staphylococcal diseases
• Prevention and therapy for staphylococcal infection
• Staphylococcus aureus in a smear in women
• Symptoms of staphylococcus in a smear in women
• Causes of staphylococcus in a smear in women
• Treatment of staphylococcus in a smear in women
• Prevention of staphylococcus in women
• Staphylococcus and streptococcus in a smear in women
• Streptococci
• Staphylococci in a smear in women
• Staphylococcus aureus during pregnancy in a smear
• Prevention of staphylococcal infection
• Staphylococcus
• How to treat staphylococcus aureus in gynecology

As a rule, infected people are the source of any staphylococcal infection. Often, staphylococcus, along with such pathogenic microbes as gonococcus, chlamydia, Trichomonas, penetrates the urogenital tract during intercourse and during simple gynecological manipulations.

Staphylococcal infection accounts for about 8-10% of all diseases in gynecology. A large number of factors often contribute to its appearance. The main one is a decrease in the immune defense of the female body as a result of an exacerbation of existing chronic diseases. Often, the development of staphylococcal gynecological infections is the result of a change in the acidity of the genital tract.

The incubation period of Staphylococcus aureus, which is the cause of all gynecological staphylococcal infections, is 6-10 days. That is why the infection does not appear immediately. Symptoms of staphylococcal gynecological infection are few. The main ones include:

To differentiate staphylococcal bacteriophage in gynecology, various types of research are used. The main one is a laboratory study, in which the bacterial material taken from a woman is sown on previously prepared nutrient media.

Special attention is paid to the treatment of any type of staphylococcal infection, especially in gynecology. Today, a wide range of antibiotics are produced that can successfully fight this microorganism. The main thing is not to start taking antibiotics before detecting the sensitivity of microorganisms to it and not to stop immediately after removing the symptoms, when the treatment has not yet been fully completed.

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Source: staphylococcal infection manifests itself in gynecology: antibiotic treatment

Such an insidious enemy of women's health as staphylococcal infection in gynecology, treatment implies antibacterial treatment in combination with other general strengthening and local methods. Staphylococcal infection in women is caused by pathogenic staphylococci. The microorganism staphylococcus is widespread in nature, so it is not difficult to get infected with it.

Methods of Infection with Staphylococcal Infection

It is possible to become infected with staphylococcus through another person suffering from staphylococcal sore throat or wearing staphylococcus on their mucous membranes, as well as through objects. Along with other infectious agents (gonococci, chlamydia, trichomonads, mycoplasmas, etc.), staphylococcus can be infected through sexual contact, through various gynecological manipulations (when taking a smear, urethroscopy, etc.) or independently if the commandments of hygiene are not followed. The primary lesion becomes the point of spread of staphylococcus in the human body, including in the genitourinary organs, through the blood circulation and lymphatic pathways. Often, an inflammatory disease of the genitourinary organ is caused by the combined effect of various kinds of microbes, for example, staphylococci with gonococci, chlamydia, Trichomonas, etc. Therefore, staphylococcus is of considerable importance for various infections of the urinary tract.

Causes of staphylococcal infection

The prevalence among other gynecological inflammatory diseases is 8-10%. What should you know in such a situation? The first thing you need to pay attention to is the similarity of the course of the infection with the gonorrheal process, especially in the chronic form. The second thing to consider, despite the similarity of the course of gonococcal and staphylococcal pathology, they have differences. The spread of gonococci is usually associated with mucous membranes in the body. A number of predisposing factors cause staphylococcal pathologies:

• decreased immunity of the body due to intoxication or infection;
• hormonal disorders;
• decreased local immunity (in the genitourinary organs) as a result of the transferred process of inflammation;
• ineffective local treatment;
• development of dysbiosis;
• deviations in the level of acidity of the environment;
• other factors.

The incubation interval ranges from 5 to 10 days. However, it may shrink to 2 days or increase to a month or two. Usually, the course of the inflammation process is characterized by a sluggish state that does not show obvious signs, but an acute form of manifestation is also possible. In some patients, the disease subsides from time to time, in others, on the contrary, it worsens. Perhaps the spontaneous disappearance of the disease after a short period of time and the onset of the recovery phase. But in most cases, patients have a long course of chronic staphylococcal infection.

Gynecological staphylococcal diseases

It is not typical for gonococci to penetrate into deeper tissue layers. Whereas staphylococci (and streptococci too) penetrate through the injured surface into deep tissue and immediately spread with blood throughout the body. In the internal space of the uterus, due to the presence of microbes, the mucous membrane becomes inflamed, but the entire thickness of the walls of the uterus can be affected. In this case, the following manifestations of this process are possible:

• purulent leucorrhoea;
• painful sensations in the lower abdomen and in the lumbar region;
• atypical course of menstruation.

Disorder of menstruation can be accompanied by soreness, profuse bleeding and be expressed in cyclic failures. At the very beginning of infection with pathogenic microorganisms, an increase in body temperature is possible. From the lining of the uterus, inflammation can spread to the tubes with the ovaries. Then we are talking about the development of inflammation in the uterine appendages. Following it, infection of the peritoneum is possible. Unlike gonococcal pathology, infection with staphylococci does not lead to such a rapid formation of the adhesion process on the tubes and ovaries and the inflammation caused by it. Often, there is a general inflammation of the peritoneum, which is included in the category of severe and dangerous diseases.

During childbirth or abortion, the cervix and the walls of the vagina are injured. Therefore, it is very easy for infections to penetrate through tears in the tissues and get into the loose layer of fiber present in the uterus, rectum, and bladder. With such a lesion, the body temperature rises sharply, severe pains in the lower abdomen appear, the patient begins to shiver. In the pelvic area, an inflammatory tumor develops, which is initially represented by an increase due to edema with cellulose, and then purulent tissue (with purulent parametritis). Inflammation of the cellulose lasts a long time and is painful. Resorption of the abscess of cellulose occurs very slowly, and therefore a painful compaction behind or on the side of the uterus is diagnosed for a long time. Frequent companions of such a pathological condition are aching pains, episodic fever, bladder dysfunction and difficulty in emptying the intestines.

Staphylococci, together with streptococci, can get from the affected area in the genital tract into the blood vessels. Especially this way of spreading the infection is typical for situations associated with artificial termination of pregnancy, performed outside a medical institution and by incompetent persons. Often, during such abortions, there can be no question of compliance with the mandatory requirements for surgical intervention. Favors infection and the postnatal period in a woman's life. In this case, there is a high risk of developing an infection against the background of damage to the mucous membrane and injured tissues of the perineum, vagina, uterus and cervix during labor as a result of non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene of the mother. The infection process may not stop in the genital tract.

Pathology can spill over and beyond their borders. Complications of this condition can be developed thrombophlebitis (inflammation of the veins of the lower extremities), purulent processes in the lungs and in other organs. The peak and most dangerous complication of staphylococcal infection can be a general blood damage - sepsis.

When carrying out a differential diagnosis, the attending physician should be puzzled by the similarity of the signs of diseases provoked by streptococci and staphylococci, with the course of gonorrhea. Therefore, for a sick person, the primary task is to immediately contact an obstetrician-gynecologist when symptoms such as:

• acts of urination with pain and burning sensation;
• icteric discharge with the presence of blood fragments;
• pain syndrome (more often the lower abdomen and lumbar back hurts);
• pathological periods.

Prevention and therapy for staphylococcal infection

Staphylococcus aureus is treated with antibacterial drugs. However, microorganisms quickly develop resistance to the antibiotics used. In this connection, it is recommended: in case of infection of the genitourinary organs with staphylococci, use a combination of antibacterial agents. If a sluggish and chronic process with complications is observed, then nonspecific immunological and hyposensitizing therapy, physiotherapy is involved. They are complemented with adequate local treatment. Since all contact persons are infected with staphylococcal lesions, similar treatment is prescribed to all such persons without fail. Taking antibiotics is recommended when the sensitivity of the pathogen is revealed.

In the course of prevention, it is of particular importance to comply with the rules of septic and antiseptics during local treatment, during gynecological procedures on the genitals. It is important to pay attention to the basics of personal hygiene, since pathogens can freely move from one area of ​​the lesion to another with the hands of the infected.

The success of the treatment of staphylococcal infection in gynecology and the prevention of complications are largely due to the timely visit to the doctor and the strict implementation of his recommendations.

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Source: smear in women

Staphylococcus aureus in a smear in women is the detection of opportunistic bacteria in the vaginal microflora. To identify it, a collection of mucous secretions is required during a gynecological examination.

The smear is sent for bacteriological examination, which determines the presence or absence of opportunistic microflora.

The fact that this bacterium is found in a woman's smear is not any pathology, but only if its content does not exceed 1% of the total number of microorganisms present there.

The norm and deviations from the norm are determined by the degree of purity of the smear.

Symptoms of staphylococcus in a smear in women

If the number of staphylococci detected in the female smear is minimal, then she will not experience any signs of the disease.

However, in the presence of predisposing factors, staphylococci can begin to grow actively, which will lead to the following symptoms:

Itching in the genital area.

Discharge of a different nature, most often with an unpleasant odor.

Painful sensations during intercourse.

The impossibility of a full night's rest, as the feeling of itching and burning intensifies at night.

Increased irritability, nervousness.

Rashes are possible in the area of ​​the labia minora, like pustules.

However, all these symptoms occur only if the number of staphylococci in the smear is significantly higher than the norm. In addition, overestimation of rates often serves as a signal that a woman has a sexually transmitted infection. Therefore, it makes sense to undergo a complete examination and eliminate the cause of the growth of staphylococcus in the vagina. As a rule, against the background of the growth of coccal flora, there is an increase in the number of leukocytes in the smear, with a minimum content of lactobacilli.

Causes of staphylococcus in a smear in women

Staphylococcus aureus can enter the vagina in several ways, including:

Performing intimate hygiene. The bacterium normally exists on the skin of even an absolutely healthy person; when washed, it, together with water, is able to penetrate the mucous membranes of the vagina. If conditions are favorable for it, the bacterium will begin to multiply. In addition, staphylococcus aureus can be introduced from the intestines as a result of improper washing or self-care after an act of defecation.

Penetration into the vagina due to unskilled actions of medical workers. As a result of, for example, a gynecological examination using non-sterile instruments, infection can occur. Surgery is another way of getting a bacterium. Although this route of infection is quite rare and amounts to no more than 1%.

Unprotected intercourse.

For a long time, staphylococcus may absolutely not show its presence in any way. However, under the influence of a number of provoking factors, the bacterium begins to multiply actively.

The impetus for the development of the inflammatory process can be:

Diseases of the genital area;

Long-term drug therapy;

Relapses of chronic diseases;

Weakening of the immune defense, HIV;

Injury to the vaginal mucosa;

Disruptions in the hormonal system;

A common cause of the appearance of staphylococcus in a smear is the regular use of tampons. It is the synthetic materials from which these hygiene products are made that are a favorable breeding ground for bacteria. As a result - an increase in the number of staphylococci and their suppression of the beneficial microflora of the vagina.

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Treatment of staphylococcus in a smear in women

In most cases, it is not necessary to eliminate the bacterium, since in minimal quantities it is not able to cause an infectious process. However, if its indicators exceed the norm, it is necessary to undergo a therapeutic course, which, first of all, should be aimed at eliminating the factor that led to a shift in the vaginal flora.

It should be understood that the analysis of a smear for flora and the detection of an excess of staphylococcal infection in it is only the initial stage in the diagnosis of the disease. To clarify the diagnosis, additional studies will be required, for example, diagnostics by PCR, which makes it possible to identify even latent infections of the genital tract.

The treatment regimen is selected individually and depends on the nature of the disease. Most often, a woman is prescribed anti-inflammatory drugs and local treatment. It boils down to regular vaginal sanitation using antiseptic solutions. For this, miramistin, chlorophyllipt, streptomycin are used.

The choice of vaginal suppositories is carried out by the doctor. It depends on the nature of the disease. Candles such as Terzhinan, Pimafucin, Genferon or Vokadin are often prescribed. They have a broad spectrum of action, capable of suppressing both microbial and fungal flora.

Prevention of staphylococcus in women

In order to prevent staphylococcal infection from entering the vaginal cavity, it is necessary to follow simple rules, including:

Practice protected intercourse using a condom.

Timely get rid of gynecological inflammatory processes.

Competently carry out intimate hygiene, in particular, when washing, the movements should be directed from front to back. The same rule applies to performing hygiene procedures after the act of defecation. Keep your hands clean at all times.

It is necessary to abandon not only the regular use of tampons, but also from wearing synthetic underwear.

To undergo diagnostic procedures in the field of the reproductive system, you should contact only proven clinics where sanitary and hygienic requirements are observed.

Douching should not be performed without medical advice.

It is important to stop taking antibacterial drugs without a doctor's prescription.

Compliance with these rules will allow beneficial bacteria present in the vagina to prevent the growth of staphylococcus, and it will be detected in a smear in the minimum acceptable titers.

The danger of these microorganisms is that they produce toxins and enzymes that are pathogenic for cells and disrupt their vital activity. Bacteria have a devastating effect on connective tissues, skin and subcutaneous tissue. They cause a number of the most dangerous diseases, including.

Among the folk methods of treatment and prevention of Staphylococcus aureus, copper treatment or metal therapy, known since the time of Aristotle, deserves special attention. Aristotle in his works mentions the treatment of bruises, ulcers and edema by applying copper.

How can a child become infected with staphylococcus? The carriers of this dangerous bacterium are both sick and healthy people, because there are different forms of infection carrier (temporary and permanent). The course of the disease can also occur in mild and severe forms.

In fact, there is only one objective reason for using antibiotics against such a resistant and flexible pathogen as staphylococcus aureus - the expected benefits will outweigh the inevitable harm. Only in the case when the infection covered the entire body, got into the bloodstream, caused a fever, as well.

Staphylococcus aureus in the nose is the presence of bacteria in the nasal mucosa that can cause a purulent-inflammatory disease. There are more than 20 varieties of staphylococcus, and most of them are constant companions of humans and are normally present on mucous membranes, including.

Staphylococcus aureus in the throat is the presence of bacteria in the mucous membrane of the pharynx or larynx that can cause an infectious and inflammatory process. The microbe can exist there as a conditionally pathogenic microflora, that is, without causing a disease, but can cause an inflammatory reaction.

Staphylococcus aureus in the intestine is the colonization of its mucous membrane by a bacterium belonging to the group of staphylococci and capable of causing an infectious and inflammatory process. This bacterium does not always cause an inflammatory reaction in the intestines, but only if its concentration exceeds the permissible levels.

The information on the site is intended for informational purposes only and does not call for self-treatment, consultation with a doctor is required!

Source: and streptococcus in a smear in women

For whatever reasons, women do not talk to a gynecologist, the examination begins with taking a smear from the vagina for examination for microbiological culture. The microflora of the vagina is represented by various bacteria - there are more than 100 types of them. A woman is considered healthy if 94-95% of this microflora is Dederlein sticks or lactobacilli.

If the smear contains a small number of opportunistic microorganisms - cocci, but there is no inflammation - the number of leukocytes is normal - then you can ignore the cocci.

An increase in the number of streptococci and staphylococci causes unpleasant symptoms, and during pregnancy can affect its outcome. If staphylococcus is detected during pregnancy - even with a slight increase in leukocytes - treatment is required.

Why is the coccal flora dangerous and why is it required to get rid of it?

Streptococci

Almost all adults are carriers of this conditionally pathogenic flora. If there are few of them, and they are on the surface of the skin and mucous membranes, then you should not worry.

But when bacteria enter the body through microdamages and wounds, they cause serious complications - rheumatism, glomerulonephritis, sepsis, meningitis ...

• Streptococcus strain A is especially dangerous. If it enters the body, it can provoke toxic shock.
• Strain B - most often found during pregnancy. These pathogenic microorganisms can cross the placenta, infect the fetus, which can lead to miscarriage.
• Hemolytic streptococcus. The place of localization is the intestines and genitals. During pregnancy, it is necessary to get rid of it - infection of the baby can occur during its passage through the birth canal. In the future, the baby may develop dangerous complications.

The reason for the activation of streptococcal flora:

• antibiotic treatment;
• weakening of immunity, regardless of the reasons that caused it;
• increased physical activity;
• stress;
• genital infections;
• neglect of hygiene measures or hobby for douching.

During pregnancy, streptococci increase activity due to hormonal changes. In a healthy woman in the vaginal environment, the rate of streptococci is 104 CFU / ml.

Conditionally pathogenic bacteria are represented by strains:

• serogroup B;
• green ones - viridans;
• enterococci - group D.

Strain A is absent.

If the norm is exceeded, then treatment is carried out using antibiotics of general and local action. Usually, antibiotics of the penicillin group are prescribed, but in case of allergic reactions to them, an alternative remedy is sought. During pregnancy, antibacterial drugs are administered by infusion.

After antibiotic therapy, prebiotics and probiotics must be prescribed to restore the intestinal and vaginal flora.

Staphylococci in a smear in women

Staphylococci are also opportunistic microorganisms that are dangerous when introduced into the bloodstream against the background of a general decrease in immunity.

Most often you have to meet with the following strains of these microorganisms. Staphylococcus aureus, or golden, - got its name for the golden toxins released by vital activity. This is the most dangerous type of microbacteria, provoking purulent-inflammatory processes in all tissues and organs.

During pregnancy, it is able to cross the placenta, infecting the fetus. For the production of a special enzyme - coagulase - it is also called coagulase-positive staphylococcus.

Resistant to antibacterial drugs of the penicillin and cephalosporin series, it is very difficult to treat.

• Staphylococcus epidermidis, or epidermal, - is introduced into the mucous membrane, causing conjunctivitis, sepsis, endocarditis and purulent infections of the genitourinary organs.
• Staphylococcus saprophyticus, or saprophytic, - prefers the external genitals, provokes the onset of urethritis and cystitis in an acute form.
• Staphylococcus haemolyticus, or hemolytic, can invade any organ. It got its name from its ability to destroy red blood cells. It is less common in humans than other strains.

If less than 1% of staphylococcus in a smear in women, treatment is not required. During pregnancy, a smear on the microflora is taken several times - their increased amount in the microflora of the birth canal can cause serious complications in the unborn baby.

Symptoms of staphylococcal infection of gynecological organs:

• the appearance of discharge with an unpleasant odor;
• a feeling of dryness of the vaginal mucosa, as a result of which sexual intercourse causes unpleasant and even painful sensations;
• burning sensation in the genital tract, intensifying at night;
• pyoderma of the vaginal mucosa;
• increased irritability.

Especially dangerous is the increased activity of staphylococcus during pregnancy.

Hemolytic staphylococcus aureus causes inflammation of the urinary system, affects the respiratory system, intestines - it can penetrate through the bloodstream into all organs and systems. During pregnancy, treatment should begin with identifying the sensitivity of this type of pathogenic microorganism to antibiotics in order to reduce the danger from treatment. It is not difficult to eliminate hemolytic staphylococcus - it shows sensitivity to antibacterial drugs from a number of penicillins, cephalosparins, lincosamides, macrolides ... At the same time, topical drugs are used.

During the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, symptomatic treatment with debridement of the birth canal is possible. Therapy of saprophytic and epidermal staphylococcus is similar to the inhibition of hemolytic activity.

Staphylococcus aureus during pregnancy in a smear

The increased activity of Staphylococcus aureus during pregnancy poses a serious threat to the fetus. It can infect the membranes of the ovum, provoke a miscarriage, infect the baby while passing through the birth canal, enter the mammary glands through the bloodstream and cause purulent mastitis.

Its entry into the bloodstream can stimulate a very dangerous disease - endocarditis. This condition can be fatal during pregnancy.

Treatment of pregnant women from Staphylococcus aureus is carried out using antibacterial drugs of general and local action, immunomodulating drugs and bacteriophages are necessarily prescribed. All therapeutic measures are carried out only after receiving the results of the test for the sensitivity of staphylococcus to antibiotics - this strain of opportunistic microorganism exhibits high resistance to antibacterial agents.

Prevention of staphylococcal infection

In order for the coccal flora to remain conditionally pathogenic and not to increase activity, it is recommended to observe the following rules:

• prevent a decrease in the immune status - drink immunomodulators and vitamin-mineral complexes in the off-season;
• observe the rules of personal hygiene;
• eat properly;
• try to lead a healthy lifestyle;
• refuse synthetic underwear;
• use tampons only when necessary;
• avoid unprotected sex;
• refuse douching, if they were not prescribed by the gynecologist.

If there are signs indicating the onset of gynecological diseases, immediately consult a doctor.

Source: diagnosed with infantility of the genitals or "baby womb", what is it, what is the threat, and how is it treated? I also cannot cure Staphylococcus aureus, how is it transmitted? What would you advise on its treatment.

Genital infantilism is one of the forms of delayed puberty and is characterized by underdevelopment of the genitals, a decrease in the hormonal activity of the ovaries and the receptor function of the uterus. This disease can cause menstrual irregularities, sexual and reproductive function (infertility, spontaneous miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, etc.). Treatment of genital infantilism depends on the degree of its severity (physiotherapy, hormone therapy, etc.). You need to consult an obstetrician-gynecologist, who, after a complete examination and clarification of the diagnosis, will prescribe treatment for you. As for Staphylococcus aureus, then you need to conduct a culture study to determine the sensitivity to antibiotics and bacteriophages.

My partner has sexually transmitted diseases of group B (or D) staphylococcus and candidiasis. Please advise what drugs these diseases can be cured for both her and me.

First, these are not sexually transmitted diseases. Both Staphylococcus aureus and Candida are the normal flora of the genital tract. In a certain situation (decreased immunity, dysbiosis, stress, etc.), their number may increase, then they cause an inflammatory process, which is manifested by abundant secretions and discomfort in the genital tract and abnormalities in the vaginal smear. Treatment can be prescribed only after examining the patient and familiarizing himself with the analyzes.

I was diagnosed with erosion of the cervix, and with bacterial culture - staphylococcus aureus. The doctor said that in order to do a biopsy, you need to get rid of staphylococcus. I was prescribed clindomycin for 0.15 x 3 times 10 days (it was indicated in the antibiotic sensitivity test), nystatin 500 x 4 times, betadin suppositories 1 sv. at night -10 days. After this treatment, the analysis showed the presence of staphylococcus. I was prescribed bifidumbacterin suppositories. And after that, Staphylococcus aureus was discovered. What should I do, tell me.

1. The simplest reason is incorrect material sampling. This is done using a special, disposable, sealed tube that contains a sterile swab. In your presence, this test tube is opened (it is sealed by the factory) and, without touching anything, a tampon is inserted into the cervical canal. One movement and, without touching anything, the tampon is returned to the test tube and it is tightly closed. Staphylococcus aureus is present in the air and on all objects, external genitals. Sowing is done under oxygen conditions, while the usual bacteria, often living in the cervix, do not grow, and staphylococcus is growing. It is necessary to take a regular smear and see if there are signs of staphylococcal infection.

2. If the material is collected correctly, it means that there is staphylococcus aureus. For any infection, both partners are treated. Both you and your man need to undergo a course of antibiotics, and use a condom for the duration of treatment. Otherwise, you will constantly re-infect each other, and the infection will not be removed.

3. Staphylococcus aureus can enter the cervix from the vagina. In this case, local antibiotic preparations will help more: in addition to tablets, also vaginal forms: for example, Dalacin C cream (the same clindamycin) or tetracycline ointment. It is also possible for her husband.

4. Another way of staphylococcus is from the uterus. This is a sign of endometritis - inflammation of the lining of the uterus. True, it should be accompanied by complaints, but it can also be asymptomatic. He is treated in a complex, with the use of physiotherapy.

5. The infection can be sustained by erosion itself. Removing it can lead to recovery. The best tactic is to sanitize the vagina with betadine (solution), a weak solution of potassium permanganate, chamomile, sage, etc. under the control of a smear, and with improvement - a biopsy of erosion, and in the absence of contraindications - its removal (with a laser or liquid nitrogen).

It is up to the doctor to decide which tactics are best for you. Just remember about point 2.

Unfortunately, you do not indicate the type of seeded staphylococcus. However, in the genital tract, there should normally be some types of staphylococci, even golden, but in small numbers. If a regular smear on the flora does not reveal an inflammatory process (an increased number of leukocytes) or other abnormalities, then a biopsy can be done even if there is staphylococcus in the culture.

I drink Triregol every day at 1200 (in the afternoon). I missed one day, took a pill in the morning. day, the second afternoon. Do you need additional protection or is it possible? They also found staphylococcus aureus, the doctor suggests suppositories with nystatin for treatment, although I came across information that nystatin is, in principle, an outdated drug, especially since I previously treated candidiasis with it.

According to the instructions, the effectiveness of hormonal contraception is guaranteed if the interval between two pills does not exceed 36 hours. In your case, there was more. Therefore, according to the rules, you need to protect yourself with a condom until the end of the cycle, while continuing to take Trikvilar.

Based on this, it is best to take birth control pills at night, before bed. Firstly, the severity of side effects decreases, if any, and secondly, if you forget the pill in the evening, then after drinking it in the morning of the next day, you will not be late.

Nystatin is really not effective against staphylococcus aureus. In this case, the drug Polygynax or Terzhinan is more indicated or douching with conventional antiseptics: infusion of chamomile, calendula or St. John's wort, a weak solution of furacilin or potassium permanganate.

When I came to register at the hospital at 12 weeks of pregnancy, the doctor said that I had cervical erosion. After giving birth, the doctor made a biopsy and said that it was not erosion and sent a smear for ureaplasma, mycoplasma, chlamydia, herpes virus and blood from a vein for toxoplasmosis and cytoplasmovirus. I've passed. Then it turned out that instead of a smear for ureaplasma, they took a smear for Trichomonas vaginalis. But the doctor said that if Trichomonas vaginali is not there, then most likely there will be no ureaplasma. And she said it was generally possible not to take it for toxoplasmosis, since it most likely would not be (since I did not have a miscarriage during this pregnancy, everything is in order with the child and nothing bad happened to him at all). As a result, chlamydia, mycoplasma, herpes virus, Trichomonas vaginalis and toxoplasma were not found. But I have something on the cervix (similar in appearance to erosion, but not erosion). The doctor believes that this is against the background of hormonal disorders during pregnancy.

1. What can I have?

2. Is it true that since there is no Trichomonas vaginalis, then there is no ureaplasma?

3. Is it true that there should not be Toxoplasma, because the child is healthy and was born normal?

4. Can it be caused by staphylococcus aureus in me (it was found in a child after birth, but it is not in milk) and how to determine its presence in me (a simple smear was taken from me after childbirth, colpitis was found, I have already cured it): Would they find him with an ordinary smear if he was or need to do a special analysis for staphylococcus?

1. What is cervical erosion and what is the essence of treatment. With erosion of the cervix, the cylindrical epithelium (mucous membrane) of the inner part of the cervical canal is located on the vaginal part of it, where the squamous epithelium (the mucous membrane of the outer part of the cervix) should be. The reason may be the youthful structure of the cervix. In women over 24 years old, such a structure is considered pathological. The cause of erosion in adulthood is most often an inflammatory process in the cervix, and in second place - hormonal disorders. When it is healed, erosion, if it is small, can heal itself. During childbirth, tears and ruptures form in the cervix, as a result of which the cervix turns out a little. In this case, the mucous membrane of the cervical canal is turned inside out into the vagina. This is no longer called erosion, but ectropion. The cervix becomes loose and easily vulnerable. At the same time, various pathological processes can develop in it. The risk of developing pathology is higher with a large amount of erosion. With a large size of erosion or its pathological changes, treatment is necessary. Erosion therapy consists in the destruction of the pathological epithelium, then a normal epithelium is formed in its place. Women who have not given birth or who have given birth, but with very little erosion, are not cauterized, unless it has passed into leukoplakia, dysplasia, etc. It is recommended to see a gynecologist every 6 months. If treatment is still necessary. Erosion is cauterized with a laser, cryodestruction (freezing) and diathermocoagulation are also used. The latter is less preferred due to side effects. In addition, when examined for erosion, you can take inflammation of the cervix - cervicitis. If the biopsy does not reveal pathological changes, the most common of which are dysplasia and leukoplakia. Then you can just be observed once every 6 months. at the doctor, you have nothing to worry about. Otherwise, it is necessary to be treated.

2. Ureaplasma in 30% of men and women are representatives of the normal microflora of the genital tract. They are most often found in sexually active people. If they do not cause inflammation in partners, then no treatment is required. In the presence of inflammation, appropriate therapy is carried out. Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted infection. So the absence of one absolutely does not exclude the presence of the other.

3. If you have pets, especially cats that walk down the street, then there is a possibility that you have toxoplasmosis. But since the child was born healthy, and the pregnancy proceeded without complications, then the disease is either in a dormant form, or it really does not exist.

4. In order to find out if you have Staphylococcus aureus, it is necessary to do sowing. Excretions are taken from the genital tract and placed on a nutrient medium. Within a week, microorganisms living in the vagina germinate, and then determine what kind of bacteria it is and to which antibiotics are sensitive. But keep in mind that in a small amount, Staphylococcus aureus may be normal in the genital tract.

Tell me, please, how dangerous during pregnancy is epidermal staphylococcus, found in the nasal cavity, and whether the presence of this disease entails being under observation in the maternity hospital or some other troubles.

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a microorganism that normally lives on the surface of human skin and mucous membranes. It all depends on how much it is found in you. If this is within the normal range, then there is nothing to worry about. You can send your opinion, then it will be possible to more fully answer the question.

Can you please tell me if it is possible to cure staphylococcus with the help of the drug metronidazole? Prescribed 2t x 3 times a day and two tablets at night in the vagina. Can this drug at the same time cure thrush?

What do you mean by thrush? With vaginal discharge (thrush), a smear is analyzed, the pathogen is determined in it and the diagnosis is made. If you have been diagnosed with staphylococcus aureus, it means that you need to treat it as the causative agent of thrush. In the strict sense, "thrush" is a disease caused by fungi, do you have it, were fungi found in the smear? Then they must be treated separately. Metronidazole is not intended as a drug against staphylococcus, it is more often used for other infections. Doxycycline is shown to you more, 1 tab 2 times a day for 10 days, and suppositories - polygynax or terzhinan at least 6 suppositories (1 at night in the vagina). After treatment, in 1-2 weeks you need to take a second smear and make sure that there is no "thrush" of candidiasis.

I was diagnosed with trichomoniasis, staphylococcal infection and cervical erosion. I am wondering which doctor to go to from the beginning and how can I treat erosion if I did not give birth and did not have abortions (where did she get it from me at all?). How is this staphylococcus treated (if I was sick with it when I was still in the hospital). And lastly: is it true that prolonged trichomoniasis can turn into gonorrhea or is it children's fairy tales?

A gynecologist treats all of these diseases. Erosion is usually a consequence of the inflammatory process. First, therapy for infectious diseases is carried out. Erosion of the cervix in nulliparous women is cauterized only with extensive damage or the development of complications. Staphylococcal infection is most likely a consequence of the weakening of the protective properties of the body due to trichomoniasis.

My doctor diagnosed endometritis. Smear examination showed staphylococcus aureus. She prescribed me treatment with gentamicin 80mcg 2 times a day for 5 days intramuscularly starting from the 1st day of menstruation. now to do? is it possible to repeat this course and what would you advise me? (Also at this time I had a sore throat and put bicillin with an action for a month, so the otolaryngologist said).

It is a pity that you did not follow the doctor's instructions. Since the danger of improper use of antibiotics is that at the same time they cannot cope with the infection, but cause microorganisms to become addicted to this drug and in the future it no longer acts on them. However, staphylococcus aureus is sensitive to bicillin. So, the treatment can be considered complete. You should go to your doctor for an examination in order to find out your health status.

As a result of a microbiological study and determination of the sensitivity of the isolated cultures to antibiotics, the following was said: "... in a bacteriological study, a culture was isolated from direct bacterial inoculation: 1. Pat. Staphylococci 2. Streptococci" and then the sensitivity of No. 1 and No. 2 to a number of antibiotics was determined (40 points) ... Does this mean that staphylococci and streptococci "live" in the vagina?

The fact is that both staphylococci and streptococci should be present in the vagina in small quantities. To interpret the seeding of vaginal contents, it is important to know how much microorganisms are isolated, as well as whether there is an inflammatory process in the genital tract. The presence of inflammation is determined in a regular smear on the flora by the number of leukocytes.

During a routine examination by a gynecologist, a woman takes a smear, and often laboratory assistants find such a microorganism as staphylococcus in it. What does this analysis result mean?

Ways of getting staphylococcus into the vagina

Consider where the staphylococcal infection comes from.

1. Staphylococci live around us, on the skin, in the intestinal tract. Therefore, when washing, for example, with water, staphylococcus can move into the vagina on the mucous membranes and begin to develop in favorable conditions for it.
2. Also, staphylococcus aureus can be brought in during medical manipulations.
3. During sexual intercourse.

Staphylococcus aureus in the vagina

It can be especially common and dangerous. Getting into the vagina, Staphylococcus aureus may not manifest itself in any way. Its appearance on the genitals can cause vulvovaginitis with painful sensations and a burning sensation in the vagina, as well as the appearance of abnormal discharge. A particularly advanced form of staphylococcus is the appearance of yellow, orange scales on the skin, which means that the disease is already breaking out.

All this can provoke diseases of the urinary system. Once on the urethra, staphylococcus aureus causes a burning sensation when urinating. Vaginal staphylococcus aureus can cause frequent recurrent thrush caused by dysbiosis. And itching on the labia further complicates the process of transferring the disease. Vaginal Staphylococcus aureus can begin to develop if there is a violation of vaginal acidity.

Treatment of vaginal staphylococcus

If you suspect vaginal staphylococcus aureus, an analysis is made for bacterial culture, if the diagnosis is confirmed, then the treatment should be prescribed by an infectious disease doctor. Often used in the treatment of autovaccines, autohemotherapy and toxoid. Local treatment of vaginal staphylococcus is also carried out using tampons with bacteriophages.

At the same time, immunity should be increased. Probiotics are prescribed to restore normal vaginal flora. The main thing is not to abuse antibiotics during treatment, since staphylococcus quickly adapts to them, and later this can cause great difficulties with treatment. Treatment should be chosen with extreme scrupulousness.

Here is one of the more effective treatment recipes: Amoxiclav 3 times a day (for 10 days), here is Linex Bio and.

As for vaginal suppositories from staphylococcus, it is better to use candles containing bifidobacteria (you can make them yourself by taking a tampon and soaking them in diluted bacteria). Antibiotic suppositories are Clindacin, which work well with infection, but only a doctor should prescribe them.