How to underline spellings (emphasize letters, vowels and consonants, signs). What is a spelling in the rules of the Russian language Spelling from 1 to 10

Interior Design 01.08.2020

Interior Design

Underlining spelling patterns is a topic that extends from grades 1-2 all the way up to the 11th grade, and if you understand the principles of underlining in the elementary grades, it will be much easier for your child to study in high school. All the rules of the Russian language are studied in elementary school, then only the development of experience in their application occurs.

Spellings are letters in a weak position. What does it mean? These are the places in words and sentences where someone might make a mistake contrary to the rules or the dictionary. But even if a child has figured out what a spelling is, the question always arises of how to emphasize it.

It is generally accepted to underline spellings with one dash, and identifying features of spellings with two.

List of required first grade spellings

Capital letter at the beginning of a sentence.
Proper names.
Combinations ZHI-SHI, CHA-SCHA, CHU-SCHU.
A soft sign is an indicator of softness.
Separating soft sign*.
Combinations CHK-CHN.
Tested unstressed vowels at the root of the word.
Unverifiable unstressed vowels at the root of a word (dictionary words).
Paired consonants in a weak position (doubtful consonants) at the end of a word.
Paired consonants in a weak position (doubtful consonants) at the end and middle of a word.*
Proper names.
Prepositions.

* The separating soft sign is not accepted in all first class programs.

* Paired consonants in a weak position (doubtful consonants) at the end and middle of a word are not covered in all first-grade programs.

An example of a dictation with analysis and underlining of spellings

Masha and I are going for a walk in the thicket. Lilies of the valley are blooming. Here is a prickly hedgehog running quickly. Fluffy mice squeak*. Birds are building* nests. (20 words)

Sample oral debriefing

We write with a capital letter. Spelling - the beginning of a sentence is written with a capital letter.

S is a preposition. This means that it is written separately from the word.

We write Mashey with a capital letter. Spelling - a proper name is written with a capital letter.

Let's go - there are no spellings.

Walk - spelling - a soft sign indicating softness.

B is a preposition. This means that it is written separately from the word.

C h a shu - cha is written with A. Spelling - combinations of cha-scha are written with the letter A. Ch is underlined with 2 dashes, A with one

Thicket u - schu is written with U. Spelling - combinations chu-schu are written with the letter U. Shch is underlined with 2 dashes, U one.

Ts vetut - we write with a capital letter. Spelling - the beginning of a sentence is written with a capital letter.

Color here - spelling - the unstressed vowel at the root of the word being checked. Test word TsVÉ T. (We must put an accent to show that the vowel is unstressed).

Lily of the valley and - shi are written with I. Spelling - the combinations zhi-shi are written with the letter I. Sh is underlined with 2 dashes, and with one dash.

. – At the end of the sentence there is a period.

In from - we write with a capital letter. Spelling - the beginning of a sentence is written with a capital letter.

Quickly is a dictionary word. It is written FAST. At the end O. Emphasis on the sound Y.

Bezhit - spelling - the unstressed vowel at the root of the word being checked. Test word BE G.

Bezh and t - zhi are written with I. Spelling - the combinations zhi-shi are written with the letter I. Zh is underlined with two, and one.

Kolyuchy - spelling - a verifiable unstressed vowel at the root of the word. Test word UKÓ L.

Hedgehog - spelling - paired consonant in a weak position. Test word YOZH AND K.

. – At the end of the sentence there is a period.

When looking for P, we write it with a capital letter. Spelling - the beginning of a sentence is written with a capital letter.

Pi shát - spelling - a verifiable unstressed vowel at the root of the word. Test word pi sk.

Pish a t - we write it with A. Spelling - the combinations cha-sha are written with the letter A.

Push and stye - we write shi with I. Spelling - the combinations zhi-shi are written with the letter I.

Mice ki - spelling paired consonant in a weak position. Test word mouse and .

. – At the end of the sentence there is a period.

P birds - we write with a capital letter. Spelling - the beginning of a sentence is written with a capital letter.

Ptichk and - spelling - combinations CHK-CHN are written without a soft sign. Cheka is emphasized by two features.

V yu t – spelling – soft separating sign.

Nests - no spelling.

. – At the end of the sentence there is a period.

Selecting spellings

1. Capital letters, punctuation marks, and indicators of softness must be underlined with one line.

2. We underline the letters where you can make a mistake in dictionary words and put emphasis.

3. We emphasize the combinations cha-sha, chu-shu, zhi-shi. The consonant in these letter combinations is two strokes, the vowel is one.

4. We emphasize the combinations chk-chn with two features.

5. We underline the unstressed vowels being tested with one line and place emphasis. In the test word, the vowel on which the stress falls is underlined by two strokes.

lo vil - ulo in

6. We underline the paired consonants being tested with one line. In the test word, we also emphasize this consonant with one line, and the vowel behind it with two.*

oak - oak s, lodge ka - lodge e k

7. We emphasize unpronounceable consonants at the roots of words with one line. In the test word, the same consonant must also be underlined with 1 line, and the letter following it with two lines. If there is no unpronounceable consonant, we underline the suspicious letter combination with one line, and in the test word, the first letter of the letter combination with one line, and the second letter after it with two lines.*

local - local, dangerous - dangerous

8. The separating soft sign or hard sign must be underlined with one line, and the letters that it separates with two.

9. We emphasize the doubled consonant with one line.

*some teachers require that in a test word the consonant being tested be underlined with two lines, and the vowel behind it with one line.

From the fourth grade, when indicating a spelling, the teacher may require that the part of the word in which the spelling is found be identified - a prefix, root, suffix or ending.

I have been working in school for 30 years. I don’t remember a single year when at the methodological association of teachers, at meetings at various levels, the issue of students’ spelling literacy was not raised. This problem was and remains the main one and has not yet been completely solved. The teacher must see when and on what material he works on each spelling, see the system in this matter. This is especially important for a novice teacher. I compiled a grid of spellings for the course primary school by year of study.

1st class

Offer

Distinguishing between a sentence and a group of words.
Formatting a sentence in writing (capital letter and period).
Proper names.

Vowels are stressed and unstressed.
Letter combinations zhi-shi, cha-sha, chu-shu.
Dictionary words.

Spelling of consonants.

Distinguishing vowel and consonant sounds and letters.
Consonants paired and unpaired.
Consonants are voiced and voiceless.

Vowels consonants.
Percussion - unaccented.

Vowels consonants.
Shocked unstressed.

Spelling of unstressed vowels in the endings of adjectives.

Vowels consonants.
Percussion - unaccented.

Vowels consonants.
Percussion - unaccented.

Separating signs ъ and ь.

Observing the pronunciation of words.
Work of separating ъ and ь.

Hyphenation.

Dividing words into syllables.

2nd class

Offer

Types of sentences (by purpose of utterance and intonation).
Finding the subject and predicate.
Phraseologisms.

An unstressed vowel at the root of a word.

Similar words.
Finding the root of a word.
Selecting a test word.
Unstressed vowels at the roots of disyllabic words.
Dictionary words.

Spelling of consonants.

Spelling paired consonants at the end of a word.

Spelling of unstressed vowels in the endings of nouns.

Recognition of parts of speech.
Grammatical features of parts of speech.
Spelling of prepositions and prefixes (combined and separate).

Spelling of unstressed vowels in the endings of adjectives.

Parts of speech.

Spelling of unstressed vowels in verb endings.

Parts of speech.
Grammatical features of parts of speech.
Spelling of prepositions and prefixes.

Pronoun

Distinguishing parts of speech.

Separating signs ъ and ь.

Separating ъ and ь.

Hyphenation.

Transfer rule.

3rd grade

Offer.

Putting the necessary signs at the end of the sentence.
Identification of the main and minor members of a sentence.
Recognition of sentences with homogeneous members.
Collocations.
Phraseologisms.

An unstressed vowel at the root of a word.

Composition of the word.
Spelling of unstressed vowels in the root of a word in difficult words by composition.
Dictionary words.

Spelling of consonants.

Spelling of paired consonants at the root of a word.
Unpronounceable consonants.
Words with double consonants.

Composition of the word.
Changing nouns by case (know the names of cases and questions).
Distinguishing nouns by declension.
Verification method.
Feminine and masculine nouns with a sibilant at the end.
Connection of words in a sentence.
Collocations.
Anonymous and synonyms.

Connection of words in a sentence.
Collocations.
Composition of the word.

Spelling of unstressed vowels in verb endings.

Composition of the word.
Parts of speech.
Grammatical features.

Pronoun.

Parts of speech.

Separating signs ъ and ь

The composition of the word and the dividing words ъ and ь.

Hyphenation.

Special cases of transfer.

4th grade

Offer

Recognizing types of sentences.
Punctuation marks in sentences with homogeneous members.
Analysis of the proposal by members of the proposal.

An unstressed vowel at the root of a word.

Spelling words with an unstressed vowel at the root of the word in independent and creative works.
Finding a given spelling in the text and its explanation.
Dictionary words.

Spelling of consonants.

Spelling words with paired consonants at the end and in the middle of words, with unpronounceable and double consonants in independent and creative works.

Spelling of unstressed vowels in the endings of nouns.

Finding the studied spellings and their explanation.
Using the acquired knowledge in writing.

Spelling of unstressed vowels in the endings of adjectives.

Adjective case.
Case endings.
Verification method.
Amonyms and synonyms.

Spelling of unstressed vowels in verb endings.

Verb – tense, number, conjugation.
Correlation by conjugation.
Spelling rule.
Infinitive.
ь at the end of the verb.
go on and on

Pronoun

Recognizing pronouns as parts of speech.
Number and person.
Pronoun with preposition.

Separating signs ъ and ь.

Use of words with ъ and ь.

Hyphenation.

Compliance with transfer rules.

The Russian language is rich in spelling patterns, every child knows this. Since childhood, in Russian language lessons, we have been learning numerous rules that we can’t count, but all in order to know the correct spelling of words. It’s impossible to count all the spellings of the Russian language, there are so many of them that even philologists sometimes confuse and forget them. This article will help you understand the basic rules of spelling.

Unstressed verifiable vowels in the root and the spelling "cha, sha"

Children begin to learn this rule, as a rule, in first grade or kindergarten. The rule helps you find out which letter is written at the root of a word. For example, in the word "och_rovaniye" you can write both the letter "o" and the letter "a". To find out which letter is written in a word, you need to choose the appropriate word “chara”, because here the emphasis falls on the letter “a”. This means that “charm” is also written with the letter “a” at the root.

It is worth considering that spelling patterns in Russian can overlap. For example, another, no less important rule would be the spelling “cha, sha.” Words starting with "cha, sha" are always written with the letter "a". For example, thicket, chara, charm, cup, etc.

Unverifiable vowels in the root of a word

Unchecked vowels at the root of a word are the least favorite rule of schoolchildren in primary school. After all, when writing words with such a spelling, no rules will help. Spellings of the Russian language with an uncheckable vowel are fundamentally not checked; the spelling of such words must be remembered. Vowels cannot be checked in words such as: birch, raspberry, vinaigrette, alley, factory, people, banana, chocolate, diamond, etc. The spelling of such words must be remembered once and for all so as not to make mistakes.

Unpronounceable consonants at the root of words

It is very important to study the rule because this spelling is often found in writing. Most often, unpronounceable consonants are radically checked. For example: dangerous - dangerous, heart - heart, sun - sun, giant - giant, happy - happiness, silent - rumor, etc.

ending in z-, s-

In fact, people often make mistakes in prefixes ending in z- and s-, even if they know Russian well. Spellings of prefixes are common, so you just need to remember what the spelling of the prefix depends on. The prefixes for z- and s- are: voz-/res-, through-/through-, vz-/vs-, voz-/res-, from-/is-, once-/ras-, without-/bes- and roses-/ros-.

In order to understand which letter is being written, you need to look at the next one. If the consonant letter following the prefix is unvoiced (k, p, t, sh, shch, f, x, ch, s, c), then the prefix is written with the letter “s”, this rule is provided for in the Russian language. Spelling patterns indicate that if the subsequent sound is voiced, then a prefix ending in “z” is written. Examples with “s”: flare up, painting, discolor, endless, etc. Examples with “z”: excessive, joyless, product, look, etc.

fundamentally

The alternation of vowels in roots is important rule, which will accompany the student from 5th to 11th grades. There is no spelling in almost all exams, such as the OGE (GIA) and the Unified State Exam.

Spelling patterns for the Russian language provide for the existence of four alternation groups, each of which must be considered in detail:

Roots in which the spelling of the vowel depends on the subsequent suffix:

Ber-/bir-, -ter-/-tir-, -per-/-pir-, -steel-/-steel-, -brilliant-/-blist-, -der-/-dir-.

At the root of the word the letter “i” is written if the suffix -a- follows: freeze (but freeze), burn (but burn), shine (but shine), etc.

The root of the word is written “a” if the suffix is -a-: touch (but touch), offer (but offer), etc.

Roots in which the spelling of the vowel depends on the stress in the word:

Gar-/-gor-, -creature-/-creation-, -clan-/-clone-, -zar-/-zor-.

If the emphasis in a word falls on the letter “a”, then the root is also written “a”: tan, bow, glow, dawn, etc.

If the stress in a word does not fall on the root, then it is written “o”: creation, bow, sunbathe, dawn, etc.

The spelling of a vowel in the root of a word depends on the letter behind that vowel:

Growing-/-growing-/-grove-, -jumping-/-skoch-.

The letter "a" is written before "st" and "sch": plant, grown, etc. The letter "o" is written in all other cases. Exceptions: sprout, teenage, growth, moneylender, Rostov, etc.

“A” is written before “k”, and “o” is written before “h”: jump, jump, etc. Exceptions: jump, gallop, etc.

The spelling of a vowel fundamentally depends on the meaning:

Mak-/-mok-, -equal-/-equal-.

In the first case, it is written “a” if the meaning of the word has the meaning of immersion in water: to dip, dip, etc. It is written “o” with the meaning of liquid: wet, to get wet, wet, etc.

In the second case, it is written “a” when the meaning is synonymous with the word “same”: equal, equal, etc. It is written “o” when the meaning is synonymous with the word “straight”: even, align, etc.

Letters "i", "s" after "ts"

The Russian language is rich in various rules. Spellings occur here and there. This is exactly the case with the letters “i”, “s” after the consonant “ts”, schoolchildren very often get confused in their spelling. In fact, in order to correctly write words with such a spelling, you need to remember in which cases you write “and” and in which “s”:

“and” is written at the root of words: number, quote, circus, cylinder, etc.
“and” is written in words starting with “tion”: nation, lecture, conference, information, privatization, etc.
“y” is written in the endings and suffixes of words: (no) queen, (shawl) Lisitsyn, (no) stepdaughter, etc.
“s” is written in exception words: gypsy, chicken, chick-chick, chick, tiptoe, etc.

Spelling of prefixes pre- and pre-

The spelling of prefixes makes the Russian language quite complicated. Spellings for this part of the word are found very often and in large quantities. However, the rule is quite easy to remember.

The prefix pre- is used when:

It has the meaning to stop, block, successor, etc.
Gives the word the highest degree of quality: precious, kind, extol, excel, exceed, etc.

The prefix is used when:

Proximity matters: seaside, homestead, court, station, etc.
It has the meaning of addition and approximation: fasten, bring, etc.
Indicates the incompleteness of the action: close, lie down, begin, subside, etc.
Indicates the completeness of the action: cut, muffle, etc.

As you know, all spellings of the Russian language have been studied for many years. In order to be literate and educated, you need to memorize these spelling rules and do practical tasks. Schools go over every spelling rule carefully.

Dear adults! You probably don't want:

1) do lessons and assignments in Russian with your child until grade 11;

2) despite 5 hours of Russian a week - you will get your own illiterate child (the wrong teacher, whom you scolded so much, will remain in school, and you will still have to live with an illiterate family member);

3) on each of these 5 days (when the Russian language is on the schedule) expect a bad grade (and there are more than 30 school weeks in a year. Multiply by all years of study. Very stressful);

4) have big problems with the GIA (Russian exam, which is taken at the end of the ninth grade. And time flies, believe me, very quickly);

5) have big problems with the Unified State Exam (I won’t even explain about the Unified State Exam).

All this CANNOT BE AVOIDED

if your child

WILL NOT LEARN TO SEE SPELLING GRAPHICS.

Spelling is a “mistaken” place in a word. For example, there are no spellings in the word MAMA. As we hear, we write. And in the word WATER, it is not clear how to spell WATER or WADA.

And don’t forget that if this is clear to you personally, then your child has yet to understand all this. And your usual explanations to the baby, like:

What is there that you don’t understand? The hedgehog (hare, ram, giraffe) understands!

Who did you look like?

Since you’re so stupid, I’ll take your tablet (I won’t let you watch a cartoon, I won’t let you go for a walk, you’ll stand in the corner)

And what do they teach you at school?

All your similar explanations (I gave a very incomplete list) will not help. What do they teach at school? They learn to highlight spellings. And this is necessary, first of all, for you and your child. The teacher herself is already quite literate, and she won’t be able to pass the State Examination with the Unified State Exam, as your child will soon be able to do.

Therefore, trust your teacher and make sure that your child never forgets to highlight spelling patterns in his homework.

And another very important thing. Those spelling tests that a child goes through starting from the first grade - ALL OF THEM ARE IN THE GIA and USE.

In the first grade, Russian lessons last a little over a couple of months. During this time, you will study at least 10 spellings in ANY RUSSIAN PROGRAM. Of course, they will be reinforced hundreds of times in second grade. But in second grade new spelling patterns will appear. And so on with each subsequent class. Therefore it cannot be launched. Not at all.

Especially advanced parents - “users” of the Russian language can read an appeal to teachers, which explains the method of finding spelling patterns.

MANDATORY SPELLING REVIEW. FIRST GRADE

For teachers

To achieve practically absolute literacy, the teacher needs, starting from the first grade, to plan Russian language lessons so that at EACH LESSON several sentences are pronounced by the CHILDREN IN A CHAIN IN ALL SPELLING GRAMS.

If you don’t start pronouncing spellings from the VERY BEGINNING of 1st grade, then in 2nd, and even more so in 3rd and 4th grades, teaching children to SEE ALL SPELLINGS, which means it will be very difficult to AVOID MISTAKES, and children will just write at random.

Below is an example dictation for the end of first grade. There are 20 words in the dictation. Of these, only 2 words are WITHOUT SPELLING. In ALL other words, IT IS NECESSARY TO TEACH CHILDREN TO SEE AND SPEAK SPELLING GRAMS. And even such a small dictation is “enough” to work along the chain for at least 31 people in the class.

If there are more children (or there are fewer spellings in another dictation), then you can, for example, invite the children to return to words with the spelling “tested unstressed vowel at the root of the word” or “paired consonant in a weak position” and ask them to come up with other test words.

At first, it takes children even more time to pronounce all the spellings than to write a dictation. But by doing this type of work SYSTEMATICALLY in class, children not only find spelling patterns faster (and therefore understand “mistaken” places), but also begin to write much more competently.

Each class has its own weak points. Therefore, the list of detailed recitation can be expanded. For the first grade, this is an indicator of the softness of a consonant with vowels, the spelling of Y, the transfer of words, and much more - at the discretion of the teacher.

At first, it is better to give the child a star, a sticker, etc. for finding EACH SPELLING, SPEAKING AND CHECKING IT. So that the very process of such an important finding of spellings turns into an exciting game.

List of required first grade spellings

to pronounce IN EVERY WORD

Capital letter at the beginning of a sentence.
Proper names.
Combinations ZHI-SHI, CHA-SHA, CHU-SCHU.
A soft sign is an indicator of softness.
Separating soft sign*.
Combinations CHK-CHN.
Tested unstressed vowels at the root of the word.
Unverifiable unstressed vowels at the root of a word (dictionary words).
Paired consonants in a weak position (doubtful consonants) at the end of a word.
Paired consonants in a weak position (doubtful consonants) at the end and middle of a word.*
Proper names.
Prepositions.

* The separating soft sign is not accepted in all first class programs.

* Paired consonants in a weak position (doubtful consonants) at the end and middle of a word are not covered in all first-grade programs.

A few words about writing a dictation

CHILDREN WILL RECORD THE WORDS IN THE DICTANT IN THE FIRST GRADE, ALWAYS SPEAKING THEM SYLLABLE-BY-SYLLABLE WITH THEIR LIPS OR WHISPERING.
WHEN WRITING, ALL SPELLINGS ARE HIGHLIGHTED WITH A GREEN PEN.
IF YOU WANT TO ACHIEVE ONE HUNDRED PERCENT LITERACY, THEN YOU MUST WRITE MINI-DICTANTS IN CLASS EVERY DAY. AT LEAST 2 SENTENCES WITH 3 WORDS EACH. BUT WRITE EVEN SUCH A MICRODICTANT EVERY DAY.

Dictation.

Masha and I are going for a walk in the thicket. Lilies of the valley are blooming. Here is a prickly hedgehog running quickly. Fluffy mice squeak*. Birds are building* nests. (20 words)

Sample of oral debriefing in class

We
WITH
Mashey- we write with a capital letter. Spelling - a proper name is written with a capital letter.
Let's go- there are no spellings.
They're partying b- spelling - soft sign - an indicator of softness.
IN- this is a pretext. This means that it is written separately from the word.
Cha shu- we write cha with A. Spelling - the combinations cha-sha are written with the letter A.
Cha I feel- we write chu with U. Spelling - the combinations chu-shu are written with the letter U.
.
Ts vetut- we write with a capital letter. Spelling - the beginning of a sentence is written with a capital letter.
Color it's here- spelling - the unstressed vowel at the root of the word being checked. Test word COLOR.
Landes shi
. - At the end of the sentence there is a period.
Here- we write with a capital letter. Spelling - the beginning of a sentence is written with a capital letter.
Fast O- a dictionary word. Spelled FAST ABOUT.
B e lives- spelling - the unstressed vowel at the root of the word being checked. Test word RUN.
Be life- we write zhi with I. Spelling - combinations zhi-shi are written with the letter I.
TO oh darling- spelling - the unstressed vowel at the root of the word being checked. Test word INJECTION.
Yo and- spelling - paired consonant in weak position. Test word HEDGEHOG.
. - At the end of the sentence there is a period.
P are looking- we write with a capital letter. Spelling - the beginning of a sentence is written with a capital letter.
P and chat- spelling - the unstressed vowel at the root of the word being checked. Test word SEEK.
Pi now- now we write with A. Spelling - combinations of cha-sha are written with the letter A.
Pu Shitty- we write shi with I. Spelling - combinations zhi-shi are written with the letter I.
We sh ki- spelling paired consonant in weak position. Test word MOUSE.
. - At the end of the sentence there is a period.
Birds- we write with a capital letter. Spelling - the beginning of a sentence is written with a capital letter.
Petit chk and- spelling - combinations CHK-CHN are written without a soft sign.
IN there- spelling - soft separating sign.
Nests- there are no spellings.
. - At the end of the sentence there is a period

Uzorova O.V.

ABOUT THESE... MYSTERIOUS SPELLINGS

For parents

(short course of psychotherapy + explanation in human language -

what are spellings and is it really impossible to cancel them)

My dear, beloved parents, as well as grandparents - in general, all the adults who went to school this year in the first grade. Over many years of working at school, I have repeatedly seen that the whole family goes to school with the first-grader. Moreover, each family member is very soon assigned some kind of honorable role. Someone draws well, someone remembers something in mathematics, someone in English, someone is trusted (also an honor) to print out projects in the evenings (because the child remembered this 10 minutes ago before bed, and they have to hand it in) tomorrow, and what was asked 2 weeks ago), someone (especially happy) is writing these projects!

This is my appeal - for those who do Russian lessons with a child (usually in a family this is either the unfortunate one who: a) either remembers something in Russian; b) or does all the homework with the child, and Russian at the same time).

So…

Dear parents, as well as all those responsible representatives of the family, in which there is already such a miracle as a first-grader, and who have been entrusted with doing homework with him. Doing homework with your children for a year in all subjects, you, of course, understood and realized a lot. In particular, that in your time there was no Russian language lessons:

These stupid spellings and their underlining and highlighting with a pencil or green pen;

Phonetics and all this sound-letter analysis, which not only harms your child, but also eats up all your nerves.

The teacher taught you well, and so you did it yourself homework, and no one sat with you, like you did with your first-grader, emphasizing and highlighting these useless spellings, which your child’s teacher probably came up with, since she has nothing to do.

And the textbooks were also written in human language. And the rules there, in the textbooks, were also clear. Although you personally never learned the rules, you just wrote them competently (or illiterately, but still you definitely didn’t learn the rules).

I KNOW all these conclusions of yours, because I have heard this from you all hundreds of times in different expressions, but absolutely identical in essence! The next generation of parents will come after you. And they will discover this school world with their child in the same way.

BUT! My dear adults! You probably don't want:

1) do lessons and assignments in Russian with your child until grade 11;

3) on each of these 5 days (when the Russian language is on the schedule) expect a bad grade (and there are more than 30 school weeks in a year. Multiply by all years of study. Very stressful);

4) have big problems with the GIA (Russian exam, which is taken at the end of the ninth grade. And time flies, believe me, very quickly);

5) have big problems with the Unified State Exam (I won’t even explain about the Unified State Exam).

All this CANNOT BE AVOIDED

if your child

WILL NOT LEARN TO SEE SPELLING GRAPHICS.

Spelling is a “mistaken” place in a word. For example, there are no spellings in the word MAMA. As we hear, we write. And in the word WATER, it is not clear how to spell WATER or WADA.

And don’t forget that if this is clear to you personally, then your child has yet to understand all this. And your usual explanations to the baby, like:

What is there that you don’t understand? The hedgehog (hare, ram, giraffe) understands!

Who did you look like?

Since you’re so stupid, I’ll take your tablet (I won’t let you watch a cartoon, I won’t let you go for a walk, you’ll stand in the corner)

And what do they teach you at school?

Therefore, trust your teacher and make sure that your child never forgets to highlight spelling patterns in his homework.

And another very important thing. Those spelling tests that a child goes through starting from the first grade - ALL OF THEM ARE IN THE GIA and USE.

Especially advanced parents - “users” of the Russian language can read an appeal to teachers, which explains the method of finding spelling patterns.

MANDATORY SPELLING REVIEW. FIRST GRADE

For teachers

List of required first grade spellings

to pronounce IN EVERY WORD

Capital letter at the beginning of a sentence.
Proper names.
Combinations ZHI-SHI, CHA-SHA, CHU-SCHU.
A soft sign is an indicator of softness.
Separating soft sign*.
Combinations CHK-CHN.
Tested unstressed vowels at the root of the word.
Unverifiable unstressed vowels at the root of a word (dictionary words).
Paired consonants in a weak position (doubtful consonants) at the end of a word.
Paired consonants in a weak position (doubtful consonants) at the end and middle of a word.*
Proper names.
Prepositions.

* The separating soft sign is not accepted in all first class programs.

* Paired consonants in a weak position (doubtful consonants) at the end and middle of a word are not covered in all first-grade programs.

A few words about writing a dictation

1. Children write down words in dictation in first grade, making sure to pronounce them syllable by syllable lips or whisper.

2. When writing, all spellings are highlighted with a green pen.

3. If you want to achieve one hundred percent literacy, then mini-dictations must be written in class every day. At least two sentences with three words each. But writing even such a microdictation every day.

Dictation.

Masha and I are going for a walk in the thicket. Lilies of the valley are blooming. Here is a prickly hedgehog running quickly. Fluffy mice squeak*. Birds are building* nests. (20 words)

Sample of oral debriefing in class

Ms
WITH
Mours- we write with a capital letter. Spelling - a proper name is written with a capital letter.
Let's go- there are no spellings.
They're partying b- spelling - soft sign - an indicator of softness.
IN- this is a pretext. This means that it is written separately from the word.
ChaI feel- we write cha with A. Spelling - the combinations cha-sha are written with the letter A.
Cha I feel- we write chu with U. Spelling - the combinations chu-shu are written with the letter U.
.
Cvetut- we write with a capital letter. Spelling - the beginning of a sentence is written with a capital letter.
Color it's here- spelling - the unstressed vowel at the root of the word being checked. Test word COLOR.
Landes shi
. - At the end of the sentence there is a period.
INfrom- we write with a capital letter. Spelling - the beginning of a sentence is written with a capital letter.
Fast O- a dictionary word. Spelled FAST ABOUT.
B e lives- spelling - the unstressed vowel at the root of the word being checked. Test word RUN.
Be life- we write zhi with I. Spelling - combinations zhi-shi are written with the letter I.
TO oh darling- spelling - the unstressed vowel at the root of the word being checked. Test word INJECTION.
Yo and- spelling - paired consonant in weak position. Test word HEDGEHOG.
. - At the end of the sentence there is a period.
Plooking for- we write with a capital letter. Spelling - the beginning of a sentence is written with a capital letter.
P and chat- spelling - the unstressed vowel at the root of the word being checked. Test word SEEK.
Pi now- now we write with A. Spelling - combinations of cha-sha are written with the letter A.
Pu Shitty- we write shi with I. Spelling - combinations zhi-shi are written with the letter I.
We sh ki- spelling paired consonant in weak position. Test word MOUSE.
. - At the end of the sentence there is a period.
Pticks- we write with a capital letter. Spelling - the beginning of a sentence is written with a capital letter.
Petit chk and- spelling - combinations CHK-CHN are written without a soft sign.
IN there- spelling - soft separating sign.
Nests- there are no spellings.
. - At the end of the sentence there is a period.