Rent is a regular verb. Irregular Verbs of English (Irregular Verbs). How to memorize the forms of irregular verbs

Irregular verbs in modern English language come from verbs that are more early stages the development of the language followed the correct structure. In particular, many of these verbs are derived from the Germanic strong verbs, which create many inflectional forms using ablaut. This phenomenon can still be observed in English today using the example of the verb sing / sang / sung.

Most English irregular verbs are native words derived from existing Old English verbs. Almost all verbs that were borrowed in later periods were subjected to correct conjugation... There are a few exceptions, such as the "catch" verb, derived from Old French cachier, the forms of which were formed by analogy with the native verb teach.

Most irregular verbs exist as remnants of the past, as a prototype of the historically established conjugation system. When some grammatical rules began to change or completely withdrawn from use, some verbs retained their old forms. For example, before the great vowel shift, the verb keep(formerly pronounced as kehp) belonged to the group of verbs whose vowels were shortened in the past tense. This pattern persists today with the same verb. kept(just like the verbs crept, wept, leapt, left). Verbs such as peep which have a similar form but arose after the great vowel shift take the ending -ed.

New verbs, including borrowings from other languages, as well as nouns that began to be used as verbs, for example "to facebook", - are subject to correct change until they become part of a pre-existing irregular verb, for example "to housesit"(from sit) → housesat .

Today, there is a tendency towards a decrease in the number of irregular verbs, because most of them take the form of regular verbs, undergoing standard conjugation (for example, the verb chide once-past tense chid, later acquired the correct form childed). Many verbs have dual forms, both of which exist in parallel: spelt / spelled, dreamt / dreamed.

In some dialects of the English language, irregular forms of verbs (obsolete forms) can be used, which in the generally accepted version of English are conjugated according to the general rule.

Below is the list of irregular verbs, this list does not include easily recognizable derivative verbs (formed using prefixes from basic irregular verbs), for example: go → forego, outgo, with the exception of those having peculiarities in shaping and / or differences in use.

Verb- this is an independent part of speech that answers the questions what to do?, What to do? (be, learn, dream, go ...)

According to the method of forming past tense forms (V2) and past participles (V3), all verbs of the English language are divided into 2 groups: regular (Regular Verbs) and irregular verbs (Irregular verbs).

The English verb has three forms. Verb forms are designated by Roman numerals I, II, III.

Form I(or the infinitive without to), for example: to make (to do) - make is the first, or basic form that answers the question what to do? What to do? With the help of the first form of the verb, the Simple present is formed ( Present Simple Tense). When forming Present Simple Tense to the I form of the verb in the 3rd person singular(he, she, it - he, she, it) the ending is added –S or -es(he jumpes, she jumpes, it jumpes, he cries, she cries, it cries, he does, she does, it does). With the rest of the pronouns (I, we, you, you, they - I, we, you, you, they) I form of the verb is used without changes.

Form II serves to form a simple past tense (Past Simple Tense). When forming the simple past tense, both regular and irregular verbs are used. Regular verbs form II and III forms by adding a suffix to the base of the I form - ed(jump - jumped - jump - jumped) . If the verb is not correct, then its past tense form corresponds to the second column in the table of irregular verbs (be - was / were, do - did, make - made).

III form- Participle II (Participle II) - a special form of the verb that denotes a sign of an object in action and answers the questions of an adjective (lost, baked, made). Regular verbs III have the same form as II: jump (I) - jumped (II) - jumped (III) (jump - jumped - jumped). The II and III forms of irregular verbs can be formed in various ways, as indicated below.

Regular verbs

Regular verbs form II and III forms by adding a suffix to the base of the I form - ed (- d), which is pronounced like:

• [ d] after vowels and voiced consonants: to clean - cleaned; to play (played) - played (played);
• [ t] after the deaf: to work - worked, to look - looked;
• after [d] and [t]: to want - wanted, to mend - mended.

When forming II and III forms of verbs, pay attention to the following spelling rules:

• If the I form is a short root syllable and ends in one consonant, then when adding an ending - ed the last vowel of the root is doubled: to stop - sto pped(has stopped).
• - oh, before which there is a consonant, the letter y changes to i: to carry (carry) - carried (carried), to study (study) - studied (studied). But if the stem of the verb ends in - oh, before which there is a vowel, then the verb is simply added to the stem - ed: to play - played, to stay - stayed.
• If the stem of a verb ends in -e, which is not pronounced, then II and III forms of the verb are formed by adding an ending - d: to arrive - arrived.

Irregular Verbs

Irregular Verbs- these are verbs that have special, fixed forms of the past tense and participles, their forms do not have a clear algorithm of formation and are learned by memorization: to make (to do) - made (made) - made (made). Most of the English irregular verbs are native English, derived from the verbs that existed in Old English. Most irregular verbs exist as remnants of historical conjugation systems (change of the verb by person - I go, you go, he goes ...).

Irregular verbs are used to form the past simple (Past Simple), present perfect (Present Simple), past perfect tense (Past Perfect), in the passive voice (Passive voice), when converting direct speech into indirect speech (Reported speech), in conditional sentences ( Conditional sentences).

table of irregular verbs

How to remember the forms of irregular verbs?