The second part of the workbook for grade 4 on the subject “The World Around us” by Pleshakov, Novitskaya (Perspective program) is quite complex, but the children are no longer small, capable of understanding both history and archeology. Basically, this workbook, or rather its second part, touches on history.

Fundamental here is the “river of time”, work on which is carried out throughout the second half of the school year. Apparently, during the “world around us” lessons, the authors decided to prepare children in advance for history lessons, which they will begin to study in the 5th grade.

At the end of the notebook, Pleshakov again turns to the topic of folk art, apparently trying to instill in his students patriotism, which he failed to instill in the first grade.

Answers to assignments have been checked and approved by a primary school teacher.

Click on the page numbers to view the GDZ for them.

Page 3. Journey along the river of time

Answers to pages 3-5. ON THE WAY ON THE RIVER OF TIME

1. Using additional literature or the Internet, find out about one of the heroes of the oral epic literature of the peoples of your region. Write a short story about him.

Alyosha Popovich is a folk hero of the Russian epic. Alyosha Popovich, as the youngest, is the third in importance in the heroic trinity, along with Ilya Muromets and Dobrynya Nikitich. He defeated Tugarin, the hero of the enemy army, in battle. Alyosha Popovich is distinguished not by strength, but by daring, pressure, sharpness, resourcefulness, and cunning.

Draw an illustration of one of this hero’s exploits.

2. Match the years and centuries. Fill out the table.

1861 19
74 1
1492 15
2000 20
988 10
1945 20
2015 21

3. Write down the birth years of your grandparents, parents and the year you were born. Determine and write down which centuries these years correspond to.

Sample answers:

birth of grandmother - 1953 - 20th century
birth of grandfather - 1952 - 20th century
birth of mother - 1983 - 20th century
birth of dad - 1976 - 20th century
my birth - 2008 - 21st century

Indicate on the diagram “River of Time” (pp. 40-41) the centuries when these events occurred. Cut out the signs from the appendix, paste them on and indicate the corresponding centuries with arrows.

Description of the "River of Time" scheme:
3-7 centuries BC - domination of the Scythians
5th century BC. - 484-425 - Herodotus
9th century - 862 - Calling of Rurik to reign in Novgorod
10th century - 988 - Baptism of Rus'
12th century - 1147 - The first mention of Moscow.
14th century - 1380 - Battle of Kulikovo
15th century - 1480 - End of Horde rule over Russia
16th century - 1564 - Publication of the first Russian printed book
17th century - 1613 - End of the Time of Troubles
18th century - 1712 - St. Petersburg became the capital of Russia
19th century - 1812 - Patriotic War
19th century - 1861 - Abolition of serfdom in Russia
19th century - 1891 - Start of construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway
20th century - 1914 - Beginning of the First World War
20th century - 1917 - Revolutions and the beginning of the Civil War in Russia
20th century - 1941-1945 - The Great Patriotic War
20th century - The birth of my grandparents
20th century - 1961 - First manned space flight
20th century - The birth of my dad and mom
20th century - 1991 - Formation of the Russian Federation
21st century - 200? g. - My birth *
21st century - 201? g. - Completion of primary school *
* You enter these dates on the “River of Time” yourself.

4. Using the textbook text, determine the century when the ancient Greek historian and traveler Herodotus lived. Indicate this century on the “River of Time” diagram...

Answer: Herodotus lived in the 5th century.

5. Project "Calendar of Memorable Dates".

Start making a "Calendar of Memorable Dates." Collect calendar pages in a folder. Using the textbook material (p. 6), additional literature, the Internet, compose a test version of the first page of the calendar, dedicated to Nestor the Chronicler - the father of Russian history.

When preparing pages, use the following plan:

1. Memorial Day (day, month)
2. The name of the event or the name of an outstanding figure of history and culture.
3. Dates of birth and death of an outstanding figure.
4. His contribution to the history and culture of the country.
5. If the memorial date is dedicated to a significant event, write a brief description of it.

(c. 1056 - 1114)

The chronicler Nestor was a monk and lived in the Kiev Pechersk Monastery. Based on oral traditions, he compiled the first book on the history of Ancient Rus' and gave it the name “The Tale of Bygone Years.”

This oldest historical document covers the period of history from biblical times to 1117. The dated part of the history of the Old Russian state begins with the reign of Emperor Michael (852).

Monuments to Nestor the Chronicler were erected in Kyiv and Vladimir.

Page 6-7. TRAVELING WITH ARCHAEOLOGISTS

1. Find on the map the locations of the Scythian burial mounds on Russian soil. Mark them by sticking the deer figures from the Appendix.

Crimea, Krasnodar and Stavropol territories, Voronezh and Belgorod regions, Orenburg region, Altai.

2. Using the large deer figurine from the Appendix, mark on the “River of Time” diagram the centuries of Scythian domination.

3. Using the textbook, compose a page of the “Calendar of Memorable Dates” dedicated to A.P. Okladnikov.

Okladnikov Alexey Pavlovich (October 3, 1908 - November 18, 1981).

Okladnikov Alexey Pavlovich - Soviet archaeologist, historian, ethnographer. Okladnikov's main works are devoted to research into the history of primitive culture, Paleolithic and Neolithic art, and the history of Siberia and the Far East.

Born into a teacher's family. While still at school, he was interested in history and local history. In 1925 Okladnikov entered Irkutsk University, here he expanded his knowledge in the “Ethnic Studies” circle of Professor B. E. Petri.

They say about Alexey Pavlovich Okladnikov that he had a unique ability to work. The academician did not drink, did not smoke, and in life, except for science, nothing else attracted him. In archeology, he was a real ace. The list of works written by Okladnikov alone amounted to about 80 pages of minute text. However, he cannot be classified as an armchair scientist. Alexei Pavlovich’s entire life was spent on archaeological expeditions; he traveled the length and breadth of the Asian part of the former USSR and often wrote his books while sitting by the fire.

He made scientific discoveries casually, that is, he literally discovered them under his feet. For example, in 1949, Alexey Pavlovich found himself on an excursion near the Egyptian pyramids as part of an international delegation. He, unlike his foreign colleagues who were admiring the beauty, immediately drew attention to the suspicious stones scattered around the pyramids. These stones had chips that only a Stone Age man could have made. So he discovered the Egyptian Paleolithic, the material evidence of which was sought in vain by scientists around the world.

In Mongolia, this story repeated itself. The Americans spent huge amounts of money on an archaeological expedition to find traces of ancient man there. We searched for several years, but to no avail. Alexey Pavlovich had just managed to get off the plane when he discovered these traces. On the way from the airport to Ulaanbaatar, he collected a suitcase full of stone finds.

In 1928, Alexey Pavlovich drew attention to one of the most remarkable monuments of rock art in Siberia - the Shishkinsky Rocks, the petroglyphs of which were first mentioned in the 18th century by the traveler Miller, and the artist Lorenius made several sketches. Okladnikov, as it were, rediscovered this monument of ancient art of the peoples of Siberia and for decades conducted his research there, based on the results of which he published two fundamental monographs.

In the 30s, Okladnikov led the Angarsk archaeological expedition, which for three years explored the banks of the Angara over 600 kilometers - from Irkutsk to the village of Bratsk. The small funds allocated for the expedition did not allow excavations of any significant scale at that time. Ancient monuments could only be recorded and, at best, cursorily examined.

During the Great Patriotic War, Okladnikov worked in Yakutia on the Lena River. At the same time, he began excavating the remains of the camp of the Russian polar expedition on the northern Thaddeus Island and in the area of ​​​​the Taimyr Peninsula (Simsa Bay). The archaeologist managed to reconstruct the picture of the death of the earliest known expedition of Russian industrialists, who walked east along the shores of the Arctic Ocean.

For more than half a century, Okladnikov went on expeditions every summer to search for and study traces of ancient man’s presence on the territory of our country. He has the honor of discovering a number of remarkable monuments of the distant past: sites and rock carvings, discovered and studied under his leadership on the Angara, Lena, Kolyma, Selenga, Amur and Ussuri, for the first time made it possible to accurately and completely present the history of the ancient inhabitants of Siberia and the Far East for many millennia.

In 1961, Okladnikov went to work at the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk, Akdemgorodok). He was appointed director of the Institute of History, Philology and Philosophy. He worked in this position until his death in 1981. Now Okladnikov’s work is continued by his numerous students who work in every city where there is a history department at the university.

Source: Irkipedia

Answers to pages 8-9. THROUGH THE PAGES OF THE CHRONICLE

1. Using the textbook map, color the places of settlement of the ancient Slavs on the map in the appropriate colors. Write the names of the alliances of the Eastern Slavic tribes.

See tutorial.

2. Visit your local history museum. Examine and sketch some archaeological finds.

Write a short story about what these archaeological finds told you about the past of the region.

In the local history museum, I saw many archaeological finds that told me about the life of people many years ago. One of the finds is pottery from ancient people. This means that many centuries ago people knew how to make objects from clay and fire them.

Ancient people also engaged in animal husbandry, hunting and fishing. This becomes clear thanks to other exhibits in the museum - iron household items. Among them are tips, fishing hooks and sinkers, and livestock harnesses.

The museum also has ancient weapons. This means that these people fought, or they had to defend themselves from enemies.

But pagan figurines made of stone and clay speak about who the ancient people worshiped.

Page 10-11. ORIGINS OF ANCIENT Rus'

2. Using the textbook text, fill in the blanks.

IN 10 century in Rus' there were no less 25 cities. By the 12th century there were already more of them 300 .

3. Mark the century on the “river of time” diagram. when Rurik was called to reign in Novgorod.

See the picture above "River of Time".

4. Correlate the texts on birch bark letters and fragments of translation to them in the appendices. Label each certificate with a translation.

Page 12-13. WISE CHOICE

1. Mark on the river of time the century of the adoption of Christianity in Rus'.

See the picture River of Time.

Calculate how much time has passed from the year of the baptism of Rus' to the current year. Write this number down.

Answer: 2019 - 988 = 1031 years

2. Cut out the photos from the application and paste them into the appropriate windows.

3. Carefully read the Christian commandments on p. 21 textbooks. Remember your actions that correspond to these commandments and give examples of them.

Answer: When I tell the truth, I am fulfilling the commandment “Thou shalt not lie.” And if I do not envy another, then I act according to the commandment “Do not covet.” When I obey my parents and respect them, then I fulfill the commandment “Honor your father and mother.”

4. Match the dates of the memorial days and photographs. Connect with lines.

5. Using the textbook and additional sources of information, compose a page of the “Calendar of Memorable Dates” dedicated to the creator of Slavic writing, Cyril and Methodius, Princess Olga or Prince Vladimir the Saint (optional).

Cyril (827-869) and Methodius (815-885)

KIRILL AND MEFODIUS - brothers from Thessaloniki (Thessaloniki), Slavic educators, creators of the Slavic alphabet, preachers of Christianity. Cyril and Methodius in 863 were invited from Byzantium by Prince Rostislav to the Great Moravian Empire to introduce worship in the Slavic language.

Our alphabet is now almost in the form in which the brothers Cyril and Methodius brought it to Rus'. They translated many books, mostly religious, from Greek into Slavic, and introduced worship in the Slavic language. For this they suffered a lot of persecution from the Roman Catholics: they did not want the Slavs to have their own written language. To this the brothers answered: “Doesn’t the sun shine for everyone, doesn’t it rain for everyone, doesn’t the Word of God’s truth come to everyone, and in the language that man speaks?”

The chronicler reports that the first words written by the brothers in the Slavic language were from the Gospel of John: “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.”

There was an alphabet prayer based on the Slavic alphabet. “Az buki lead” in translation: I know (know) the letters. “The verb, good, is, live” in translation: it’s good to live kindly. “What are you thinking, people?” there is no need to translate this. Just like “rtsy, word, firmly,” that is: speak the word confidently, firmly.

The Day of the Holy Thessalonica brothers Cyril and Methodius is celebrated on the day when the last bell rings in our schools, May 24. This day is a holiday of Slavic writing and culture.

Page 14-15. HEIRS OF KIEVAN Rus'

1. Using the Internet, find out the years of foundation or first mention of the cities of North-Eastern Rus'. Fill the table.

2. Read a fragment from a Russian epic... Write down the parental instructions from the epic or the blessings of Vladimir Monomakh, which seem to you the most important in our time. You can write it down in your own words.

Do only good deeds
don't hurt the weak
help the poor, orphans, widows
don’t break your oath, keep your promises
don't punish the innocent

3. Indicate with arrows which attractions are in Kyiv and which are in Vladimir.

4. Using the textbook and additional sources of information, compose a page of the “Calendar of Memorable Dates” dedicated to Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky.

Andrei Yurievich Bogolyubsky (approx. 1111 - 1174)

Andrei Bogolyubsky is the son of Yuri Vladimirovich (Dolgoruky) and the Polovtsian princess, daughter of Khan Aepa Osenevich.

According to the late “Life of Andrei Bogolyubsky” (1701), Andrei Yuryevich received the nickname “Bogolyubsky” after the name of the city of Bogolyubov near Vladimir, his main residence.

Andrei Bogolyubsky was the most important political and spiritual figure in the history of Rus' in 1160-1170, as he not only contributed to the creation of the powerful Vladimir-Suzdal principality (on the site of the former Rostov estate of his grandfather, Vladimir Monomakh), but also turned the city of Vladimir-on- Klyazma is the center of the political and spiritual life of Rus'.

During the reign of Andrei Bogolyubsky, the Vladimir-Suzdal principality achieved significant power and was the strongest in Rus', and later it became the core of the modern Russian state.

Andrei's father, the Suzdal prince Yuri Dolgoruky, sought to establish himself in Kyiv and waged endless feuds with his opponents. Andrei was forced for the time being to obey his father's will. During the periods of Yuri's short-term reign in Kyiv, he ruled in neighboring fiefs - Vyshgorod, Turov, Pinsk (1149-1151, 1155). But he did not like reigning in the troubled southern lands, where his fate would depend on the mood of the squad and the veche decisions of the townspeople.

Power-hungry and capricious in character, Andrei wanted to give a dominant position among the Russian principalities to the Rostov-Suzdal land, to make it the center of state life in Rus'. This prompted him to flee to Suzdal land in 1155 against the will of his father.

The residence founded by the prince in Bogolyubov became the favorite place of residence of Andrei, who has since been nicknamed Bogolyubsky. In 1157, after the death of Yuri Dolgoruky, the citizens of Rostov and Suzdal unanimously proclaimed Andrei prince. But he chose not Suzdal as the capital of the principality, but Vladimir, where he launched stone construction on a grand scale.

Under Andrei, the Golden Gates, the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl, the Assumption Cathedral - world-famous masterpieces of ancient Russian architecture - were built, as well as many monasteries, temples, and fortifications.

Bogolyubsky deprived of his possessions and expelled four of his brothers, two nephews, and boyars dissatisfied with his autocracy. These measures strengthened the princely positions, but at the same time increased the number of enemies.

However, Andrei's political interests extended much further than the borders of North-Eastern Rus'. The reason for one of the discords was that the Kiev prince Mstislav Izyaslavich - a longtime enemy of Andrei - of his own free will sent his son Roman to reign in Novgorod.

In 1169, the united army of 11 princes, equipped by Bogolyubsky, moved towards Kyiv. The ruined and plundered city forever lost its former significance as the center of Rus', and dominance in the Russian lands finally passed to the city of Vladimir.

Page 16-17. MOSCOW - VLADIMIR'S SUCCESSOR

1. Indicate on the “river of time” diagram the century of the first mention of Moscow in the chronicle. (12th century)

2. Look at the reproduction of the painting. Based on it, write a story about Moscow during the times of Ivan Kalita.

The reproduction of A. M. Vasnetsov “The Moscow Kremlin under Ivan Kalita” depicts ancient Moscow. It can be seen that this is a fortified city - a fortress and a fence have been built around it. Almost all the buildings are wooden, including the fortress and the towers on it. Only temples are built of stone.

Moscow began to be built on the banks of the river. In the reproduction we see that there are boats at the pier. They probably carried some kind of cargo for the residents of Moscow or for the construction of the city.

It can also be noted that the roads in those days were very bad, and movement was carried out with the help of horses. As can be seen in the picture, horses are pulling carts with cargo. At the same time, some kind of devices for lifting loads already existed, as can be seen in the lower right part of the reproduction.

3. Find in the works of the peoples of your region songs, legends, proverbs and other works of art that express people’s dreams of peace and harmony with each other.

Living with neighbors means being in conversations.
As are the neighbors, so is the conversation.
Don't buy a yard, buy a neighbor.
Don't buy a house for yourself, but buy a neighbor: you buy a house, but you can't sell your neighbor.




Be friends with your neighbor, but hold on to your saber.
Be friends with your neighbor, but stay the city.

Neighborhood is a mutual matter.



It's a bad thing to offend a neighbor.
How can you annoy your neighbor more than with your tongue?
Thistles and thistles creep from neighbor to neighbor under the meadow.
Whatever you have at home, don’t go to your neighbor for.

4. Indicate on the “River of Time” diagram the century when the Battle of Kulikovo took place. (14th century)

5. Using the textbook and additional sources of information, compose a page of the “calendar of memorable dates” dedicated to the Battle of Kulikovo.

The Battle of Kulikovo is a battle of Russian regiments led by the Grand Duke of Moscow and Vladimir Dmitry Ivanovich and the Horde army under Khan Mamai on September 8, 1380 on the Kulikovo field (currently located in the southeast of the Tula region), a turning point in the struggle of the Russian people against the yoke Golden Horde.

In 1380, Prince Dmitry Ivanovich sat on the Moscow throne. At that time, Rus' was fragmented into principalities and was under the yoke of the Mongol-Tatars. Dmitry understood well that in order to successfully fight the Mongol-Tatars, all Russian principalities must unite their forces.

Prince Dmitry sent messengers throughout Rus' with his letters and in 30 days gathered a huge army. The prince was blessed for the battle with the Mongol-Tatars by Sergius of Radonezh, the founder of the Trinity Monastery. He gave Dmitry two monks, famous warriors - Peresvet and Oslyabya.

Dmitry led his troops towards the Mongol ruler Mamai. They met on the Kulikovo field, where the Nepryadva River flows into the Don.

Dmitry fought as a simple warrior along with his army. The battle lasted almost the whole day. The Mongols began to prevail, but an ambush regiment hit them in the rear - and the Mongols fled. So the Russian troops won.

In honor of the victory in this battle, the prince-commander was nicknamed Dmitry Donskoy. Although our troops won a victory on the Kulikovo field, Rus' still had a hundred years of struggle ahead of it against the Mongol-Tatar yoke.

Page 18-19. THE BEGINNING OF THE KINGDOM OF MOSCOW

1. Indicate on the “River of Time” diagram the century of the liberation of Rus' from Horde rule. (15th)

2. Look at the reproduction of the paintings. Compare Moscow under Dmitry Donskoy and Ivan III. Write down the main differences.

The main difference is that under Dmitry Donskoy, only the walls of the Kremlin (made of white stone) and the Assumption Cathedral were made of stone. All other buildings were wooden. Ivan III built the Kremlin from red brick and replaced many of its buildings with stone ones. Several new cathedrals (temples) appeared, and a royal palace was built.

3. Look at the photographs. Check the box for the Assumption Cathedral in Moscow.

Answers to page 20-21. THE ASLEVANTS OF Rus' AND THE EARTHPAPERS

1. Indicate on the “River of Time” diagram the century when the first Russian printed book was published. (16th century)

2. Imagine yourself as one of the first printers. Come up with your own sign and draw it. Explain what meaning you put into it.

My sign depicts an open book, the light of enlightenment emanates from it, because a book is a source of knowledge. At the top is my monogram, i.e. initial letters of first and last names.

3. Pick up proverbs and riddles about books, including those in the works of the peoples of your region.

Russian proverbs about books:

The book decorates in happiness, and consoles in misfortune.
Those who know more will get the books.
A book is the best friend.
A book is not beautiful in its writing, but in its mind.
From time immemorial, a book has raised a person.
It's not good to read books when you can only grasp the top of them.
The book is good, but the readers are bad.
Books don't tell, but they tell the truth.
Read books, but don’t forget things to do.
Reading books is not playing nice.
If you read books, you will know everything.
Choose a book like you choose a friend.
A book is to the mind what warm rain is to sunrise.
Books do not like to be honored, but they like to be read.
A book is like water: it will make its way everywhere.
The book will help in work, and will help out in trouble.
One good book is better than any treasure.
A good book is a sincere friend.
A good book shines brighter than a star.
A book is food for the mind.
A book is your friend, without it it’s like having no hands.
Books are different: one teaches, the other torments.
The book is not a plane, but will take you far away.
The book is not a hat, but choose according to your head.
In a book, look not for letters, but for thoughts.
For a book, move your mind.
Some books enrich you, and others lead you astray.
Some books will add to your mind, others will turn you off.
Some people follow a book with their eyes, but their mind wanders around.
To whom a book is entertainment, and to whom it is teaching.
Those who know the basics and basics will find books in their hands.
It is wasted labor to fish without a hook and study without a book.
One book teaches thousands of people.
To be familiar with books is to gain intelligence.
Living with a book is a breeze.
If you get used to the book, you will gain intelligence.
A mind without a book is like a bird without wings.
You can't get any smarter than a book.
Some from books, some from the valley.
There is not a single book in the house - the owner has bad kids.

Russian riddles about the book:

She's small, but she's made her smart.

Not a bush, but with leaves,
Not a shirt, but sewn,
Not a person, but a storyteller.

Not a tree, but with leaves,
Not a shirt, but sewn,
Not a plant, but with a root,
Not a person, but with intelligence.

Who speaks silently?

4. Circle Semyon Dezhnev’s travel route on the map. Write the names of the two oceans that “meet” at Cape Dezhnev.

Page 22-23. ON THE WAY TO UNITY

1. Select proverbs from the peoples of your region about the need for friendship and unity. Write them down.

Proverbs:

You can live without your brother, but you can’t live without your neighbor.
A close neighbor is better than distant relatives.
The hostess didn’t provide lunch, so apparently they were pushing towards their neighbor.
There is no greater problem than bad neighbors.
It’s a bad life if you don’t make friends with your neighbors.
Let your neighbor into the house, and become a neighbor yourself.
The neighbor doesn't want it, so the world won't.
Neighborhood is a mutual matter.
Then the neighbor is kind when the bag is full.
A good neighbor is the greatest relative.
It’s good when the neighbor is close and the fence is low.
It's a bad thing to offend a neighbor.

2. Color the traditional costumes of the peoples of the Volga region - Mari, Mordovian, Tatar and Chuvash.

3. Identify from photographs the cities in which important events of the Time of Troubles took place. Connect with lines.

4. Using the textbook and additional sources of information, compose a page of the “Calendar of Memorable Dates” dedicated to Kozma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky.

Minin (late 16th century - 1616) and Pozharsky (1578 - 1642)

Kuzma Minin and Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky - leaders of the second people's militia during the Polish intervention in the Time of Troubles in 1611 - 1612.

At the beginning of the 17th century, Russian land was occupied by enemies - the Poles. Even in Moscow, the capital, there was a Polish garrison, and Novgorod was captured by the Swedes. Russia was threatened with loss of independence.

In the fall of 1611, in Nizhny Novgorod, the zemstvo elder Kuzma Minin began to gather a people's militia (army) to fight enemies. One of the best military leaders of that time, Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky, was called to command the militia.

Militias from all over the country began to gather in Nizhny Novgorod. For almost a whole year, the Russian people gathered their forces, and finally, in July 1612, the militia of Minin and Pozharsky marched on Moscow. The battle took place on August 24, it was stubborn and bloody. The Polish garrison settled in the Kremlin and held out for about two months. Eventually hunger forced the enemies to leave. Soon the entire Russian land was cleared of foreign invaders.

In Moscow, on Red Square, a monument was erected with the following inscription: “Grateful Russia to Citizen Minin and Prince Pozharsky.”

Minin and Pozharsky

Since 2005, our country has celebrated National Unity Day in memory of the events of 1612, when the people's militia led by Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky liberated Moscow from Polish invaders.

5. Indicate on the “River of Time” diagram the century of the end of the Time of Troubles. (17th century)

Answers to pages 24-25. THE BEGINNING OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE

1. Look at the reproduction of the painting. Write a short story about it.

HELL. Kivshenko. War games of the amusing troops of Peter I near the village of Kozhukhovo

Answer: The artist Kivshenko depicted in his painting the war games of young Peter I. Young Peter rides on a horse with a saber in his hand, acting as commander-in-chief. Next to the sovereign is a drummer beating the rhythm and a trumpeter.

In the middle ground of the picture several detachments of soldiers in military clothing of that time are visible. Each detachment (or regiment) has its own color of clothing and its own commanders. Soldiers of the "amusing" troops carry banners with the coat of arms of the Russian Empire - a double-headed eagle.

In the background of the picture you can see the landscape of the area where the “funny” battles took place - the vicinity of the village of Kozhukhovo. A cannon is visible on the cliff, nearby are high fortresses that apparently needed to be stormed.

As we know from history, young Peter formed “amusing” troops from his peers and learned to fight. Foreign officers helped him master military literacy. Subsequently, from these amusing battalions, the Semenovsky and Preobrazhensky regiments were formed - the basis of Peter’s guard.

2. Look at the monuments to Peter I in different cities of Russia. Write down why, in your opinion, monuments to Peter I were erected:

in St. Petersburg - this city was founded by Peter, it bore and bears his name.
in Petrozavodsk - in this city, by order of Peter, an arms factory was built.
in Arkhangelsk - in this city Peter laid the foundation for shipbuilding and opened the first shipyard in Russia.
Do you know which other Russian cities have monuments to Peter the Great? Write down the names of the cities.

Answer: Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Sochi, Voronezh, Taganrog, Derbent (Dagestan), Azov, Kaliningrad, Makhachkala (Dagestan), Tula, Lipetsk.

3. Indicate on the “River of Time” diagram the century when St. Petersburg became the capital of Russia. (18 century)

Page 26-27. "LIFE IS FOR THE FATHERLAND, HONOR IS FOR ANYONE!"

1. Find out from guidebooks and directories of your city (or the nearest city or village) which streets, squares, and institutions bear the name of Lomonosov. Write down this information. Attach a photo of one of these places with an establishment sign or a sign on the building.

In Russia, the most famous institution that bears the name of Mikhailo Lomonosov is Moscow State University. Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov is one of the oldest and largest classical universities in Russia, founded in 1755 by I.I. Shuvalov and M.V. Lomonosov. Since 1940 it has been named after Mikhail Lomonosov.

2. Cut out portraits from the application and paste them into the appropriate windows.

3. Read the story about the city of the Russian Empire - Sevastopol. In the text of the story, underline the names of peoples you know, the names of famous figures of history and culture.

Answer: the following words can be emphasized (they were previously found in textbooks): Crimea, Black Sea, Scythians, Greeks, Cyril, Methodius, Prince Vladimir, Suvorov, Ushakov, Lazarev, Empress Catherine the Great.

Answers to pages 28-29. PATRIOTIC WAR OF 1812

1. Indicate on the “River of Time” diagram the century during the Patriotic War of 1812. (19th century)

2. Read the text. Look at the figures of Kozma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky, as well as the bas-relief on the pedestal.

Express your thoughts about the source of Russia's victories in the great wars. Write it down.

The strength and source of Russia's victories in great wars lies in the unity of its people. When the Russian principalities united and all as one began to defend their homeland, they defeated the Mongol-Tatars. The cohesion of the Russian army helped to win the War of 1812. Another reason for victories is brave and savvy commanders. And, of course, such qualities of a Russian person as heroism, selflessness, love for the Motherland, and love of freedom are important.

3. In St. Petersburg, in one of the halls of the Hermitage there is a Gallery of Heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812. It contains more than three hundred portraits.

Using the textbook and additional sources of information, compose a page of the “Calendar of Memorable Dates” dedicated to the heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812.

Here you can write about such heroes as
Kutuzov, Field Marshal General
Bagration, infantry general
Barclay de Tolly
Vasilchikov, cavalry general
Wittgenstein, Infantry General
Volkonsky, Major General
Golitsyn, cavalry general
Gorchakov, Lieutenant General
Davydov, Major General
Dorokhov, Lieutenant General
Dokhturov, infantry general
Durova Nadezhda Andreevna
Ermolov, Lieutenant General
Konovnitsyn, Lieutenant General
Kostenetsky, Lieutenant General
Kulnev, Major General
Gerasim Kurin, partisan
Seslavin, Major General
Platov, cavalry general
Orlov-Denisov, Lieutenant General
Orlov, Major General
Neverovsky, Lieutenant General
Miloradovich, infantry general
Likhachev, Major General
Kozhina Vasilisa
Kutaisov, Major General
Raevsky N.N.
Khrapovitsky, Major General
Figner, Colonel
Uvarov, cavalry general
Tuchkov (1st), Lieutenant General
Tuchkov (4th), Major General

Page 30-31. THE GREAT PATH

1. Indicate on the “River of Time” diagram the century in which the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway began. (19th century)

2. Look at photographs of fragments of the openwork pavilion presented at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900. Write down in what century this exhibition took place: in the 19th. Using these samples, draw your own versions of openwork casting to decorate the exhibition of modern achievements of Russia.

3. Project "My family in the history of Russia." Using the example given in the textbook, write a story about the participation of your ancestors in the development of Russian industry at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Illustrate your story with photographs or drawings.

For this project, it is best to find some old family items and present them in front of the whole class and talk about them. Here are the items you can use in this project:

old newspapers and magazines
personal letters, envelopes, postcards
stamps dedicated to some event (40 years of Soviet power, 30 years of victory in the Second World War, etc.)
coins or paper money (can be bought cheaply at flea markets)
photographs of great-grandparents, or photos of their home
medals, orders, awards from relatives
child prisoner's certificate (to page 48)
old Christmas decorations
old books
icons
something from clothes or shoes, a pioneer tie, ribbons for braids, collars that were sewn to the uniform
household items (an old cast iron iron or a watch, for example)
candy wrappers
documents (IDs, party cards, Komsomol tickets, etc.)
diplomas and certificates of commendation for schoolchildren, diaries, notebooks, albums of fathers and mothers
maps, globes from the USSR
toys, figurines
dishes (porcelain plates, cups, silver spoons - if parents allow)
jewelry: beads, brooches, etc.

Answers to pages 32-33. THE GOLDEN AGE OF THEATER AND MUSIC

1. Do you know any figures of Russian musical art? Cut out portraits from the application and paste them into the appropriate windows.

2. Listen to a musical work by a Russian composer of the 19th - early 20th centuries. Write down your impressions.

Title of the work: Ballet "The Nutcracker".

Form of recording of the work: recording on CD.

My impressions (key words): very beautiful music, fabulous and magical sound of instruments, happy, enthusiastic, joyful, jubilant and gentle music.

4. Based on the text of the textbook, make a plan for a story about Fyodor Ivanovich Chaliapin.

1) Birth and childhood of Chaliapin.

3) Chaliapin becomes popular all over the world. The emergence of the Chaliapin school.

4) Tatarstan is the birthplace of the Chaliapin Festival.

5. Design a page of the “Calendar of Memorable Dates” dedicated to one of the figures of Russian musical and theatrical art.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (April 25, 1840 - October 25, 1893)

Tchaikovsky P.I. - Russian composer, conductor, teacher, musical and public figure, music journalist.

Considered one of the greatest composers in the history of music. Author of more than 80 works, including ten operas and three ballets. His most famous works are the ballets “Swan Lake”, “Sleeping Beauty”, “The Nutcracker”, as well as “The Seasons” - a famous piano cycle. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky made an extremely valuable contribution to world musical culture.

The great composer was born into the family of an engineer in a village near the Kama-Votkinsk plant in the Vyatka province (now the city of Votkinsk, Udmurtia). He studied at the St. Petersburg Conservatory, then lived and worked in Moscow. The composer spent the last years of his life in the vicinity of the town of Klin near Moscow, where his museum is now located.

Streets in many Russian cities, conservatories and music schools, as well as a city in the Perm region are named after Tchaikovsky. And since 1958, the international competition named after P. I. Tchaikovsky has been held, in which talented musicians and vocalists take part.

Page 34-35. THE FLOWERING OF FINE ARTS AND LITERATURE

1. Look at a reproduction of a painting from the State Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow. Compare your impression of the spring landscape and Bunin’s poem. Choose lines in it to express your impression of the picture. Emphasize them.

Wider, chest, open up to receive
Feelings of spring - minute guests!
Open your arms to me, nature,
So that I merge with your beauty!

You, high sky, distant,
Boundless expanse of blue!
You, wide green field!
My soul strives only for you!

2. Consider a reproduction of a painting from the State Russian Museum in St. Petersburg. Read an excerpt from Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.” Underline in red the poetic lines that speak about the severity of agricultural labor, in green - the lines in which the poet’s special respect for the peasant is expressed.

3. Design a page of the “Calendar of Memorable Dates” dedicated to A.P. Chekhov or your favorite writer of the 19th - early 20th centuries.

Chekhov Anton Pavlovich (1860 - 1904)

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov - Russian writer, prose writer, playwright. A generally recognized classic of world literature. A doctor by profession. Honorary Academician of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in the category of fine literature. One of the most famous playwrights in the world.

Over 25 years of creativity, Chekhov created more than 300 different works (short humorous stories, serious stories, plays), many of which became classics of world literature.

His works have been translated into more than 100 languages. His plays, especially The Seagull, Three Sisters and The Cherry Orchard, have been staged in many theaters around the world for over 100 years.

Answers to pages 36-39. IN SEARCH OF JUSTICE

1. Indicate on the “River of Time” diagram the century when serfdom was abolished in Russia. (19th century)

2. Look at the portraits of Russian emperors. Explain why Alexander II is called the Liberator.

Answer: Because he abolished serfdom, making the peasants free people.

Write what you know about these emperors.

Emperor Alexander II was born in 1818, he was the son of Nicholas I. His teacher was the Russian poet Zhukovsky. In 1861, the Tsar abolished serfdom in Russia. He also carried out many reforms in Russia and participated in the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-1878. In 1881, Alexander II was killed by Narodnaya Volya, and the Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood was erected in St. Petersburg at the site of the emperor’s murder.

Nicholas II is the last emperor of the Russian Empire. Born in 1868. During his reign, many events took place in the world and in Russia: the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905; Bloody Sunday; Revolution 1905-1907 in Russia; World War I; February Revolution of 1917 Nicholas II abdicated the throne during the February Revolution of 1917 and was shot along with his family.

3. Read the poem... Yesenin "The Beggar", written in 1915. Using pencils of contrasting colors, underline lines and words, some of which describe suffering, grief, while others speak of carefree fun.

Little girl crying at the window of a large mansion,
And in the mansions cheerful laughter flows like silver.
The girl is crying and getting cold in the wind of autumn thunderstorms,
AND wipes away drops of tears with a frozen hand.

With tears she asks for a piece of stale bread,
From resentment and excitement the voice freezes.
But in the mansions this voice drowns out the noise of joys,
AND the baby is standing, crying under cheerful, high-spirited laughter.

4. Indicate on the “River of Time” diagram the century when the First World War, revolutions and civil war took place in Russia. (see answers to pages 3-5)

5. In your city, identify the streets and squares that received new names after the 1917 revolution. Write down the pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary names of the same street next to each other.

Approximate answer (these streets are in almost every city):

Lenin street - street...
Dzerzhinsky street - street...

6. Look at the map of the Soviet Union. Find and show on the map the republics that were part of the USSR. Using a map, name the capitals of the union republics. Check each other.

We look at the map and name the republics, they are highlighted in bright colors, the capitals are indicated by dots.

Page 42-43. A CENTURY OF TROUBLES AND VICTORIES

1. Consider secular posters of the 20-30s of the last century. Write in your own words what they call for.

The first poster is addressed to children. He encourages them to choose a profession in childhood, to have a dream, a goal in life and to strive for it. The second two posters are addressed to adults. They call for more study in order to be literate and work more for the good of the country.

2. Look at the diagram on p. 43. Compare it with the modern map of the Moscow metro, which you can find on the Internet. Write down what has changed.

On the diagram in the textbook you can see only 13 metro stations (in 1935). Currently, there are 200 metro stations and there is a ring line that connects all metro lines (directions). Some stations have changed their names. For example, Kirovskaya (old name) - Chistye Prudy (new name).

3. Project "My family in the history of Russia." Continue working on the project. Do your family have any memories of life in the 20-30s of the last century, photographs, objects of those times? Write a short story.

This period is the childhood of the student’s great-grandparents, or the time when great-great-grandparents lived. Tell us about them.

Answers to pages 44-45. "GET UP, HUGE COUNTRY!"

1. Indicate on the “River of Time” diagram the century when the Great Patriotic War took place. (20th century)

2. Using the textbook text, make a table of the most important events of the Great Patriotic War.

Date Event

End of January 1943. The blockade of Leningrad was broken.

Summer 1943 The Battle of Kursk lasted 50 days.

1944 Liberation of cities: Veliky Novgorod, Leningrad, Sevastopol, Petrozavodsk, Minsk.

Summer 1944 Belarus was liberated, Operation Bagration.

1945 Soviet troops liberated Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia.

3. Do you know any monuments dedicated to the Great Patriotic War? Cut out photos from the application and paste them into the appropriate windows.

4. Design a page of the “Calendar of Memorable Dates” dedicated to an event, hero or veteran of the Great Patriotic War - to your fellow countryman.

Everyone will have different answers depending on the city and region in which you live, because a COUNTRYMAN is someone who lives or lived in the same region as you.

Pages 46-47. RUSSIAN LABOR FRONT

1. Based on the text of the textbook, make a plan for a story about how those who remained in the rear worked during the Great Patriotic War.

The entire people stood up to defend the Motherland.
Men are at the front. Old people, women and children work in the rear.
Military factories were evacuated to the east of the country.
It is necessary to provide the front with weapons, equipment, clothing and food.
Students work in construction teams - building anti-tank ditches.
Children help adults: care for the wounded, prepare Molotov cocktails.
Everyone contributes to the common cause of the country's defense.

2. Using information from the textbook, answer the questions in writing.

To which Russian cities were many enterprises evacuated from the western regions of the country? Answer: To Kazan, Omsk, Novosibirsk.
What was necessary to provide the troops with equipment and weapons. ammunition, clothing, food? Answer: It was necessary for the railway, sea and river transport, telephone, telegraph, post office, and radio to operate uninterruptedly. And also, so that plants, factories, and collective farms operate uninterruptedly in the rear.
What facts indicate that students and children contributed to the defense of the Fatherland? Answer: Students dug anti-tank trenches and worked in factories. Children helped adults on the field, looked after the wounded in hospitals, and looked after the younger ones while their mothers worked for the front.

3. Look at the photographs. What happened at the front, and what happened in the rear? Mark photos from the front in red, photos from the rear in green.

Page 48-49. "THERE IS NO FAMILY LIKE THIS IN RUSSIA"

Project “My family in the history of Russia. Continue working on the project. Do your family have any memories of the Great Patriotic War, including its first and last days, as well as photographs, awards, letters, wartime items?...

If there are no things preserved from the war, you can write about your great-grandmothers and great-grandfathers who fought, and paste their photographs.

Page 50-51. AFTER THE GREAT WAR

1. Using the textbook text, make a table of the achievements of your compatriots in recent years.

Date Event
May 12, 1945 Opening of the theater in Novosibirsk
December 1946 Europe's first nuclear reactor was launched.
1947 The Dnepropetrovsk hydroelectric power station began operating.
1945-1950 Many destroyed cities have been rebuilt.
Late 1947 Food rationing system abolished.
1949 Universal compulsory seven-year education introduced.

2. Design a page of the “Calendar of Memorable Dates” dedicated to your fellow countryman, who became famous in the post-war period for his achievements in science, technology, industry, agriculture, art, sports (optional).

Everyone writes about their fellow countryman. For the Kurgan region, for example, you can take Terenty Maltsev. Muscovites can describe Academician I.V. Kurchatov, since he lived in Moscow, about physicist N.N. Semenov. The theme for St. Petersburg residents is composer V.P. Solovyov-Sedoy.

Answers to pages 52-53. ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE 1950-1970S

1. Using the textbook, sign photographs of outstanding scientists of our country.

2. Do you know the first Soviet cosmonauts? Cut out the photos from the Appendix and paste them into the appropriate boxes.

3. Indicate on the “River of Time” diagram the century in which man first flew into space. (20th century)

4. Describe from photographs (orally) the opening and closing ceremonies of the XXII Summer Olympic Games in Moscow.

A lot of people were present at the opening and closing of the Olympic Games in Moscow. Many athletes from different countries gathered. The icon of the Olympic Games was 5 connected hoops and an Olympic bear.

5. Project "My family in the history of Russia." Continue working on the project. Do your family have any memories of the life of our country in the years 1950-1970, as well as photographs and objects from those years? Write a story based on the memories of older relatives.

This period is the childhood and adolescence of the student’s grandmother. Tell us about her or your grandfather.

We are building the future of Russia

Page 54-57. MODERN RUSSIA

1. Using the map on p. 56-57 find out which independent states were formed after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Fill the table.

Name of states Capitals

Russian Federation Moscow
Ukraine, Kyiv
Belarus (Belarus) Minsk
Moldova (Moldova) Chisinau
Estonia Tallinn
Latvia, Riga
Lithuania Vilnius
Abkhazia Sukhum
Georgia, Tbilisi
Armenia Yerevan
South Ossetia Tskhinvali
Azerbaijan, Baku
Kazakhstan, Astana
Uzbekistan Tashkent
Tajikistan Dushanbe
Turkmenistan Ashgabat
Kyrgyzstan Bishkek

2. Indicate on the “River of Time” diagram the century when a new state appeared on the world map - the Russian Federation.

3. Think about what in your city (village) you would like to preserve for the future. Write down what you would like to change in your city (village).

Sample answers:

I would like to preserve the forest on the outskirts of the town, a park, an old house, a pond with ducks, etc.
I would like to change things in my city: build a large new bridge across the river, repair the embankment, make bicycle paths on some street, plant new trees, build a new sports school with an ice palace, etc.

4. Take or select photographs showing the signs of the old and new in your city (village). You can paste 1-2 photos here.

You can paste a photo of an old house or monument, and a new modern house in your city (village).

Pages 58-59. HEALTH OF RUSSIA

1. Look at the signs representing some areas of the Belgorod region. Give examples of agricultural areas in your region (region, republic).

Come up with and draw symbolic symbols for 1-2 agricultural areas of your region.

2. Write a story about agricultural products in your region.

Corn is a tall annual herbaceous plant, reaching a height of 3 m. Corn is grown to produce cobs with edible grains, as well as corn oil. It is the most important grain after wheat and rice.
Wheat is one of the most important grain crops. The flour obtained from grains is used to bake white bread and produce other food products; Flour milling waste serves as feed for livestock and poultry.
Poultry farming is a branch of agriculture specializing in the production of poultry meat and edible eggs. Poultry by-products are down and feathers, and production waste is used to make meat and bone meal.
Livestock production produces food (meat, milk and dairy products), raw materials for light industry, and working animals for a number of agricultural and transport jobs.

3. If you live in a village... draw or photograph episodes of working together on the land and caring for pets.

Page 60-61. SMART POWER OF RUSSIA

1. Using additional literature and information from the Internet, plan a short story about an industrial enterprise in your region...

Write about one of the enterprises in your city.

Answers to pages 62-63. BRIGHT SOUL OF RUSSIA

1. Find out what festive events related to the traditional culture of the peoples of your region are held in the spring. Write down the names and dates of these events.

Approximate answer (each city has its own events):

crafts fair
exhibition of applied arts
festival of folk craftsmen
festival of folk choirs and ensembles
art song competition
performance by artistic groups
Maslenitsa

Come up with and draw symbolic symbols for these events.

2. Look at the photographs on p. 63 Using the textbook, determine which artistic crafts these products belong to. Number them according to the list.

Page 64-68. BEGIN WITH YOURSELF!

1. Mark on the “River of Time” diagram (pp. 40-41) the date of your upcoming graduation from primary school.

2. Come up with and draw a symbolic designation for your school, for those clubs and studios in which you study additionally. You can sketch existing emblems.

3. Write down the most interesting things you have done in your life during your four years of elementary school.

Sample answers:

a trip to another city, to a resort, to a lake, abroad
a hike in the forest, a trip to nature
excursion to a museum or zoo or safari park
holidays with grandma in the village, picking mushrooms and berries, fishing
communication with animals (bought a dog, looked after it, raised it)
joint construction of a house with dad
working together in the garden or vegetable garden
summer or winter camp, etc.

4. Evaluate your achievements during your time in primary school. Write down those that you consider most important.

Sample answer: During 4 years of primary school I

learned to read, write, count and solve problems
learned the multiplication table
learned to play chess
learned to swim
made friends with the guys in class
learned to sing or play musical instruments
learned to draw
learned to pack a briefcase and go to school on his own
I started doing all my homework myself
started helping my parents around the house
grew by 20 cm!

5. Think over and write down your plans for the coming year (what you want to do, what you want to learn, where to go)

Sample answers:

This coming summer:

I want to visit St. Petersburg (Moscow, Red Square)
I want to learn how to cook soup and borscht
I want to visit my grandmother, who lives far away
I want to learn to swim
I will help my dad build a house

In 5th grade:

I want to start learning a second foreign language
I want to know the names of the stars and constellations in the sky
I want to learn how to draw
I want to know how my body works

Project I AM BUILDING THE FUTURE OF RUSSIA

Option 1: Insect Zoo.

Project goal: To introduce everyone to rare and amazing insects, to teach people how to treat them with care.

1) Build a greenhouse, insulate it, plant different plants.

2) Purchase live insects from all over the world and place them in the zoo.

3) Offer excursions around the insect zoo to everyone, explain and tell excursionists how insects live and what they eat.

Description: I really want our city to have a special insect zoo. In it I want to collect insects from all over the world that cannot be found in our forests. They would live among plants, butterflies would fly freely, in special terrariums it would be possible to trace the entire butterfly cycle: how a caterpillar turns into a cocoon, and then into a butterfly. Visitors could pick up non-dangerous insects. It is very interesting!

Option 2 - Build a new sports complex for children.

Option 3 - Open a nursery for homeless animals, where anyone could take an animal home.

Option 4 - Open a hiking club for the whole family - such hikes would unite parents and children, you could make new friends and see many interesting places in our country.

Keep forever. The first publication from the personal archive of academician A. P. Okladnikov

If you stack the folders one on top of the other, you get a stack as high as a fourteen-story building. This is the archive of Alexey Pavlovich Okladnikov, transferred to the St. Petersburg branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences by his daughter, Elena Alekseevna Okladnikova. I was lucky enough to disassemble it, prepare materials for registration and storage. And the more I immerse myself in these materials, the more perplexed I am: how did one person manage to do so much?

My school and student years were spent in Vladivostok, where every elementary school student knew the name Okladnikov. Not a single lesson in our archaeological circle was complete without mentioning him - an outstanding historian, archaeologist and ethnographer who rediscovered Eastern Siberia, the Far East and Central Asia. Back then Okladnikov was a myth. Now that I am working on his archives, I recognize Okladnikov the man. Before my eyes, from a celestial being, an “Olympian,” he turns into a great, tireless worker.

Okladnikov Alexey Pavlovich (1908-1981) – archaeologist, historian and ethnographer, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Hero of Socialist Labor. In 1938-1961. worked at the Leningrad branch of the Institute of Archeology of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Since 1961 – Head of the Department of Humanitarian Research at the Institute of Economics of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences; since 1966 – director of the Institute of History, Philology and Philosophy of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences; since 1962 – professor and head of the department of history at Novosibirsk University. Author of studies on the history of primitive society and primitive culture, on the history of Siberia, the Far East and the Far North from ancient times to the 18th century.

From his archive, the image that emerges is by no means an armchair scientist. On scraps of paper, blotting pads, scraps of receipts, on magazine pages between the lines in purple (“student’s”) ink and a simple pencil, Okladnikov wrote down his observations and thoughts. Not always - at a desk. And - not always having such a luxury item as a stack of clean paper at hand. There are especially many “scrap notes” in wartime folders. Surprisingly, it was during the terrible 1940s that the scientist worked most hard.

There are always many legends among archaeologists. One of them has long been Okladnikov’s phenomenal luck. Not a single expedition of his was complete without unique finds, and rarely was anyone tempted to give this some kind of “semi-mystical” explanation. The point, however, was not a matter of mysticism, but of Okladnikov’s efficiency, which sometimes bordered on obsession. Field diaries, drawings, photographs, descriptions, drawings of finds - he tried to do all this himself, not letting anyone except his closest “comrades” in to his favorite work. One of these associates was the researcher’s wife, Vera Dmitrievna Zaporozhskaya, who followed her husband everywhere. Okladnikov’s archive contains many of her wonderful watercolors, precise sketches of archaeological finds and cartoons glowing with humor, in which you can easily recognize Alexei Pavlovich himself and his colleagues.

Now, many years later, we cannot even imagine how much courage and endurance it took to serve science so devotedly. Not to mention the fact that they had to work in the most difficult conditions, that the entire luggage of Alexei Pavlovich and Vera Dmitrievna at the beginning of their joint journey along the roads (or rather, off-road) of Eastern Siberia and the Far East consisted of two tunics and a change of underwear... And also we must not forget about the main thing: the “metallic taste of time” that was so clearly felt in the 1930s and 1940s.

Among the materials in the Okladnikov archive, a fair share is occupied by notes made on scraps of bills and receipts, between newspaper and magazine lines. Reflection of the intense, incessant work of thought coupled with a shortage of paper

And there are also materials about this in the scientist’s archive. Here is a short (two remarks) excerpt from the transcript of the meeting where the first volume of Okladnikov’s “History of Yakutia” was discussed. It took place on March 6, 1950 in Moscow at the Department of History and Philosophy of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

"G. P. Basharin:

- ...These are the guidelines of Leninism and the Central Committee of our party regarding historical science, if we take them in the most general form. I think that we should discuss the first volume of the history of Yakutia precisely in the light of these only correct, genuine scientific guidelines.

A. P. Okladnikov:

Comrade Basharin says that I idealize the primitive mammoth hunter to the detriment of the modern collective farm life of Yakutia! This is just a demagogic phrase - nothing more! I, of course, made a certain inaccuracy when I said that the first Paleolithic tribes lived more solidly than our forest hunters of the tundra... Here he is right, but why attribute to me something that I did not want to say and did not say? In any case, there is no talk of collective farm life here.”

Even such a “short” fragment is enough to understand what arguments Okladnikov had to fight in that era when any discussion of a scientific work threatened to result in condemnation of its author.

There were, however, almost funny moments worthy of the pen of Ilf and Petrov (with an unfortunate turn of events, however, they could turn into a big disaster). In 1946, Okladnikov wrote in his autobiography attached to the application form for joining the Communist Party: “While in Irkutsk in 1929, he was expelled from the Komsomol, but two weeks later he was reinstated in the Komsomol. The reason for the decision to exclude was a statement by the former director of the museum, Kazakova, who was later exposed as an enemy of the people, that I had taken to the museum “the relics of St. Sen[sius]” from the liquidated Ascension Monastery. As it turned out, Senes[y], whose mummy actually survived and was of scientific interest, was not canonized, and Kazakova’s fear, who was afraid that she would have to be responsible for delivering the mummy to the museum, was in vain. This was even confirmed by a bishop specially invited to the museum. However, this incident left a deep impression on me for a long time.”

It seems that letters from friends and colleagues also “left a trace.” Letters about those who disappeared, perished in the northern camps. And from those who miraculously survived there. The scientist’s archive generously shares all these sad treasures. He also shares other letters - from students, assistants, residents of those places where Okladnikov had to carry out excavations. Almost all of them begin with the words: “Dear Alexey Pavlovich!”

If Okladnikov’s correspondence is ever published, it will become the best lesson for young archaeologists - not only in terms of work, but also in terms of human relationships. Being a great scientist (and being a great scientist means not having a free moment), Okladnikov still found time to answer even those who, it would seem, were completely “useless” to him. His correspondence with his childhood friend, Alexander Lobanov, preserved in “post-war folders,” tells us a lot. Having lost each other in their youth, having gone through many ordeals (Lobanov ended up in Kolyma in 1937), after the war the classmates met - by chance - and after that they no longer let each other out of sight. At the end of the 1940s, Lobanov wrote to Okladnikov: “The main thing I notice in you and what adorns your image as a Soviet scientist is tirelessness in scientific activity, originality in style and research methods... Do you remember when you read to me at school about Przhevalsky's campaigns in Mongolia? Apparently, even then you found your path to science.”

Alexey Pavlovich retained his childhood passion for science and travel until his death. It was not in his rules to calm down and stop, as vividly evidenced by notes taken in libraries, photocopies of journal articles, cards with the names of interesting monographs and studies (not only, by the way, on archeology and history), which make up a significant part of Okladnikov’s archive. Among these papers we find a library request - the scientist ordered a book on drawing techniques. At fifty years old, he worked as well as a young graduate student should.

Analyzing the archive materials, you involuntarily ask the question: how could you get along with such a person? What is it like to constantly be next to him, tirelessly moving forward, seeing in science, if not the only, then, without any doubt, the most important meaning of life? It was an honor and a joy to learn from him and work with him. But, probably, I had to balance on the edge, tormented by doubts. Staying close to the big man almost certainly means being in his shadow all the time. To leave it is to lose the precious opportunity to become involved in high science. But still, the general tone of the scientist’s correspondence with his young colleagues is friendly and bright. The yellowed sheets of paper, which were gradually becoming brittle, conveyed to us the students’ lively and warm gratitude to the Teacher.

One gets the feeling that Okladnikov did not recognize his “right to private life.” There are very few family photographs in his archive; there are almost no letters from his wife or children’s drawings from his daughter. However, when and why was it necessary to write letters to Vera Dmitrievna, if she spent most of her life side by side with her husband. Thanks to her, drawings and watercolor sketches appeared in the “expedition folders”, which depicted the more than modest life of the expedition, the strict nature of Siberia, and archaeological finds. They transformed the field reports into an invaluable human document, telling about people whose entire lives belonged to science. And there was no place for division into “personal” and “rest” in this life.

The published part of Okladnikov’s scientific heritage is just the tip of the iceberg. A huge, most interesting part is still hidden “under water” - in endless work notes, tables, diagrams (they helped Alexey Pavlovich systematize the almost unimaginable amount of information stored in his memory), in scraps of paper covered with pencil marks. Add here lectures, reports that were never published, countless drafts of articles that provide an exciting opportunity to trace the development of a scientist’s thought, to visit his creative kitchen.

“Fourteen floors of the archive”, and in them are the works and days of Okladnikov. Difficult but rewarding work awaits researchers who will undertake the preparation of at least part of these materials for publication. There is no doubt that they will take it. And I hope that this will happen in the very near future, because time is running out, we are not given much of it. Alexey Pavlovich Okladnikov managed, during the earthly time allotted to him, to fulfill everything that fate had destined for him. And we? Will we have time to become worthy guardians of his legacy?

To the question Help me draw up a calendar of memorable days of A.P. Okladnikov asked by the author I-beam the best answer is Alexey Pavlovich Okladnikov (September 20 (October 3) 1908, Konstantinovka village, Irkutsk province - November 18, 1981, Novosibirsk) - Soviet archaeologist, historian, ethnographer.


o Labor (1978).

Answer from Seva stepakov[newbie]
Thank you

Answer from Anna Volkova[newbie]
Thank you Volkova Veronica 10 years old

Answer from Pounce[newbie]
kty

Answer from hospitable[newbie]
fenky

Answer from Lyudmila Bregey[active]
Thank you daughter it helped a lot!

Answer from Natalya Musaeva[newbie]
Thanks a lot! helped a lot

Answer from Yovetlana Abramova (Shmeleva)[newbie]
Thanks a lot

Answer from Ivan Korobov[newbie]
Thank you! Nikita Chuvaev!! Helped!

Answer from Pavel Lapin[newbie]
Thank you

Answer from Endovitskaya Julia[newbie]
thank you well done

Answer from Evgeniy Detkin[master]
Okladnikov Alexey Pavlovich (October 3, 1908 - November 18, 1981).
Okladnikov Alexey Pavlovich - Soviet archaeologist, historian, ethnographer. Okladnikov's main works are devoted to research into the history of primitive culture, Paleolithic and Neolithic art, and the history of Siberia and the Far East.
Born into a teacher's family. While still at school, he was interested in history and local history. In 1925 Okladnikov entered Irkutsk University, here he expanded his knowledge in the “Ethnic Studies” circle of Professor B. E. Petri.
In 1926, Okladnikov published his first article, “Neolithic sites on the Upper Lena.” Two years later he made the first scientific expedition along the river. Lena, they discovered the Shishkinsky petroglyphs.
petroglyphs
They say about Alexey Pavlovich Okladnikov that he had a unique ability to work. The academician did not drink, did not smoke, and in life, except for science, nothing else attracted him. But in archeology he was a real ace. The list of works written by Okladnikov alone amounted to about 80 pages of minute text. However, he cannot be classified as an armchair scientist. Alexei Pavlovich’s entire life was spent on archaeological expeditions; he traveled the length and breadth of the Asian part of the former USSR and often wrote his books while sitting by the fire.
He made scientific discoveries casually, that is, he literally discovered them under his feet. For example, in 1949, Alexey Pavlovich found himself on an excursion near the Egyptian pyramids as part of an international delegation. He, unlike his foreign colleagues who were admiring the beauty, immediately drew attention to the suspicious stones scattered around the pyramids. These stones had chips that only a Stone Age man could have made. So he discovered the Egyptian Paleolithic, the material evidence of which was sought in vain by scientists around the world.
In Mongolia, this story repeated itself. The Americans spent huge amounts of money on an archaeological expedition to find traces of ancient man there. We searched for several years, but to no avail. Alexey Pavlovich had just managed to get off the plane when he discovered these traces. On the way from the airport to Ulaanbaatar, he collected a suitcase full of stone finds.
In 1928, Alexey Pavlovich drew attention to one of the most remarkable monuments of rock art in Siberia - the Shishkinsky Rocks, the petroglyphs of which were first mentioned in the 18th century by the traveler Miller, and the artist Lorenius made several sketches. Okladnikov, as it were, rediscovered this monument of ancient art of the peoples of Siberia and for decades conducted his research there, based on the results of which he published two fundamental monographs.
In the 1930s, work began to identify and study ancient monuments in the Angara River valley, where the construction of a cascade of hydroelectric power stations was planned. Okladnikov led the Angara archaeological expedition, which for three years explored the banks of the Angara over 600 kilometers - from Irkutsk to the village of Bratsk. The small funds allocated for the expedition did not allow excavations of any significant scale at that time. Ancient monuments could only be recorded and, at best, cursorily examined.
During the Great Patriotic War, Okladnikov worked in Yakutia. Together with his wife Vera Dmitrievna Zaporzhskaya, he decided to take a boat down the Lena from the village of Konstantinovshchina and explore 5,000 km of the river valley from its sources to the shores of the Arctic Ocean.
In 1945, in addition to archaeological research in Yakutia, Okladnikov began excavating the remains of the camp of the Russian polar expedition (dating back to approximately 1620) on the northern Thaddeus Island and in the area of ​​the Taimyr Peninsula (Simsa Bay). The archaeologist managed to reconstruct the picture of the death of the earliest known expedition of Russian industrialists, who walked east along the banks

Answer from Dina Nason[active]
On this site, the entire notebook on the world around us with answers is posted, including this project -

Answer from Andrey Zherebtsov[newbie]
Nikita Chuvaev thank you very much helped

Answer from Zhenya Besedin[newbie]
Alexey Pavlovich Okladnikov (September 20 (October 3) 1908, Konstantinovka village, Irkutsk province - November 18, 1981, Novosibirsk) - Soviet archaeologist, historian, ethnographer.
Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1968 (corresponding member since 1964), Honored Scientist of the Yakut ASSR (1956), RSFSR (1957), Buryat ASSR (1968), foreign member of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences (1974) and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (1976), member - correspondent of the British Academy (1973), laureate of the Stalin Prize (1950) and the USSR State Prize (1973). Hero of the Socialist
A cave in Altai was named in honor of Alexei Pavlovich. The name of Academician Okladnikov was given to the Khabarovsk Museum of Archeology.
o Labor (1978).

Answer from Elena Saltaeva[newbie]
I found everything I needed

Answer from Mi Mi[newbie]
:3

›

Alexey Pavlovich Okladnikov
Date of Birth:
Place of Birth:	With. Konstantinovka, Verkholsky district, Irkutsk province, Russian empire
Date of death:
A place of death:	Novosibirsk, RSFSR, USSR
A country:	USSR USSR
Scientific field:	history, archeology, ethnography
Place of work:	LOIIMK AS USSR, NSU, IAE SB AS USSR
Academic degree:	Doctor of Historical Sciences (1947)
Academic title:	professor (1962), Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1968)
Alma mater:	Irkutsk Pedagogical Institute (1934)
Notable students:	D. L. Brodyansky, A. P. Derevyanko, V. E. Larichev, V. I. Molodin
Known as:	founder of the Siberian archaeological school
Awards and prizes

Alexey Pavlovich Okladnikov(September 20 (October 3) 1908, village of Konstantinovka, Irkutsk province - November 18, 1981, Novosibirsk) - Soviet archaeologist, historian, ethnographer.

Full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1968 in the Department of History (corresponding member since 1964), Honored Scientist of the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1956), RSFSR (1957), Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1968), foreign member of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences (1974) and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences ( 1976), corresponding member of the British Academy (1973), Poznan University (Poland), laureate of the Stalin Prize (1950) and the USSR State Prize (1973). Hero of Socialist Labor (1978).

Biography

Born into the family of a rural teacher. Since childhood, being naturally inquisitive, he was interested in archeology and collected an archaeological collection. This determined his life path.

On January 6, 1920, on Lake Baikal, Semyonov’s Cossacks killed 31 hostages, including among the dead was A.P. Okladnikov’s father, teacher P.S. Okladnikov, who served in Irkutsk as an ensign of the 56th Siberian Infantry Regiment.

After graduating from school in 1925, he entered the Irkutsk Pedagogical Institute and studied in the circle of Professor B. E. Petri together with the future famous scientists G. Debets and M. Gerasimov. Already in 1926, his first scientific work, “Neolithic sites on the Upper Lena,” was published. In 1928, he made the discovery of the Shmikin petroglyphs. Okladnikov, who showed promise in science, was invited to graduate school in 1934 at the State Academy of Material Culture in Leningrad. His Ph.D. thesis “Neolithic burial grounds in the Angara Valley” (1938) summed up the archaeological excavations on the Angara.

In 1939-1940, together with N. Sinelkov and M. Gremyatsky, he conducted excavations in Central Asia in the Teshik-Tash valley, where he discovered the remains (skeleton) and site of a Paleolithic man, proving that ancient man lived in deep Asia. For the discovery of the site, the scientists each received a Stalin Prize.

His doctoral dissertation was devoted to “Essays on the history of Yakutia from the Paleolithic to its annexation to the Russian state” (1947).

Then came excavations on the coast of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, for the first time in science.

Second in importance after Teshik-Tash was the discovery of the Ulalin site of ancient man in Gorno-Altaisk on July 5, 1961. Eight years before the discovery of the Ulalinskaya site, A.P. Okladnikov complained that “Paleolithic monuments are completely unknown on the territory of the Altai Mountains. Neolithic monuments have not yet been discovered in the mountainous region.” As if polemicizing in absentia with L.P. Potapov, Okladnikov wrote: “Previously, people were accustomed to thinking that Siberia was a deserted desert, that primitive man could have developed the southern regions of the planet.” A.P. Okladnikov called the inhabitants of Ulalinka “troglodytes.” Scientists disagree on the issue of dating. A specialist in the field of geology, professor at Tyumen University L. Ragozin met Okladnikov in Omsk at the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the West Siberian Branch of the Russian Geographical Society. Ragozin said: “Your finds on Ulalinka are at least a hundred thousand years old! Much more!" In the spring of 1976, Ragozin arrived in Gorno-Altaisk and “climbed all the surroundings” of the city, not to mention the parking lot.

A.P. Okladnikov again made the last expedition in his life in the summer of 1981 to the Ulalinskaya site.

Scientific activity

In the second half of the 1930s he worked as director of the Irkutsk Museum of Local Lore. He became known for his campaign for the preservation of the Znamensky Monastery, which they wanted to demolish to build buildings for the Irkutsk hydroport services.

In 1938-1961 he worked at the Leningrad branch of the IIMK of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Since 1961 - Head of the Department of Humanitarian Research at the Institute of Economics of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Since 1966 - Director of the Institute of History, Philology and Philosophy of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk).

Okladnikov's main works are devoted to research into the history of primitive culture, Paleolithic and Neolithic art, and the history of Siberia and the Far East.

In 1979-1981, he headed the editorial board of the book series “Literary Monuments of Siberia” of the East Siberian Book Publishing House (Irkutsk).

Academic titles and degrees

• Candidate of Historical Sciences, dissertation topic “Neolithic burial grounds in the valley of the river. Hangars" (1938);
• Doctor of Historical Sciences, dissertation topic “Essays on the ancient history of Yakutia” (1948);
• Professor at the Department of World History (1962);
• Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1964);
• Full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1968).

Pedagogical activity

He taught at universities in Leningrad and Novosibirsk, and supervised graduate students. Since 1962 - professor and head of the department of general history at Novosibirsk State University.

Memory

He was buried at the Southern Cemetery in Novosibirsk.

• A cave in Altai was named in honor of Alexei Pavlovich.
• The name of Academician Okladnikov was given to the Khabarovsk Museum of Archeology.

Bibliography

Research

Author of 60 monographs and about 1000 articles, many of which have been translated into German, French, Spanish and Japanese. He trained and graduated over 30 scientists in graduate school. Therefore, we can talk about the scientific “school” of A.P. Okladnikov.

• Archeology of North, Central and East Asia. - Novosibirsk: Science, 2003. - ISBN 5-02-029891-3
• The Far East and the Scythian-Siberian cultural and historical unity // Abstracts of the All-Union Archaeological Conference. - Kemerovo: Kemerovo. University, 1979. - Ancient settlements on Petrov Island // Archeology of Southern Siberia: interuniversity. Sat. scientific tr. - Kemerovo, 1979. - P. 3-13. - Co-author: Brodyansky D. L.
• Ancient monuments of Maikha Hill // Red Banner. - 1966. - Oct. 5. - Co-author: Brodyansky D. L.
• Ancient shamanic images from Eastern Siberia // Soviet Archeology. T. X. 1948. P. 203-225.
• History and culture of Buryatia. - Ulan-Ude: Buryats. book publishing house, 1976.
• On the history of the initial development of Central Asia by man // Central Asia and Tibet: mat. to the conf. - Novosibirsk: Science, 1972. P. 15-24.
• Krounovskaya culture // Archeology of the south of Siberia and the Far East. Novosibirsk, 1984. P. 100-114. Co-author: Brodyansky D. L.
• Crown culture // Information on the history and archeology of North-East Asia. Changchun, 1986. No. 5. pp. 27-36. To the whale language Co-author: Brodyansky D. L.
• Cult of the bear among the Neolithic tribes of Eastern Siberia // Soviet Archeology. T. XIV. 1950. pp. 7-19.
• Multilayer settlement of Maihe I in Primorye // Archaeological discoveries of 1967. - M.: Nauka, 1968. - P. 155-157. - Co-author: Brodyansky D. L.
• Multilayer settlement of Maihe I in Primorye // Archeology of Siberia and the Far East. T. 2: Primorye. - Tokyo, 1982. - pp. 406-407. In Japanese language - Co-author: Brodyansky D. L.
• Neolithic and Bronze Age of the Baikal region: in 3 parts. - M.; L.: USSR Academy of Sciences, 1950-1955.
• Neolithic monuments of the Angara. - Novosibirsk: Science, 1974.
• Neolithic monuments of the Lower Angara. - Novosibirsk: Science, 1976.
• Neolithic monuments of the Middle Angara. - Novosibirsk: Science, 1975.
• Essays on the history of Western Buryat-Mongols (XVII-XVIII centuries). - L.: Sotsekgiz, 1937.
• Petroglyphs of Gorny Altai. - Novosibirsk: Science, 1980.
• Petroglyphs of Transbaikalia: in 2 parts. - L.: Science, 1969-1970. (Co-authored with V.D. Zaporozhskaya).
• Petroglyphs of Mongolia. - L.: Science, 1981.
• Petroglyphs of the Lower Amur. - L.: Science, 1971.
• Excavations of a multi-layer settlement near the village. Krounovka in Primorye // Archaeological discoveries of 1968. - M.: Nauka, 1969. - P. 208-210. - Co-author: Brodyansky D. L.
• Excavations of a multi-layer settlement. Krounovka in Primorye // Archeology of Siberia and the Far East. T. 2: Primorye. - Tokyo, 1982. - P. 400-401. - In Japanese. language - Co-author: Brodyansky D. L.
• Rudanovskoye ancient settlement // Archaeological discoveries of 1978. - M.: Nauka, 1979. - P. 33. - Co-author: Brodyansky D. L.
• Pacific archeology: textbook. allowance. - Vladivostok, 1980. - 104 p. - (Pacific Archaeology; issue 1). - Co-author: Brodyansky D. L., Chan Su Bu.
• Southern Primorye in the Early Iron Age: (some results of excavations of the Maikha settlement complex) // Izv. Sib. Department of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Ser. society Sci. - 1968. - No. 6, Far Eastern center of ancient agriculture // Sov. ethnography. - 1969. - No. 2, March - April. - P. 3-14. - Co-author: Brodyansky D. L.

Popular works

• Deer golden horns. - Khabarovsk: Khabarovsk book. publishing house, 1989. - ISBN 5-7663-0040-9
• Discovery of Siberia. - M.: Young Guard, 1979, 1981 (in the series “Eureka”).
• Morning of art. - M.; L.: Art, 1967.
• Roerich - explorer of Asia. - Siberian Lights, 1974, No. 10 (together with Belikov P.F., Matochkin E.P.)
• Okladnikov A. P., Vasilievsky R. S. In Alaska and the Aleutian Islands / Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Institute of History, Philology and Philosophy.. - Novosibirsk: Science, Siberian Department, 1976. - 168 p. - (Popular science series). - 71,650 copies.(region)
• The phenomenon of culture of small peoples of the North // Decorative art of the USSR. 1982. No. 8. P. 23-28. (Together with L.N. Gumilyov)

Editorial work

• Vorobyov M. V. Ancient Korea: historical archaeologist. essay/answer. ed. A. P. Okladnikov. - M.: IVL, 1961.
• Vorobyov M. V. Ancient Japan: historical archaeologist. essay/answer. ed. A. P. Okladnikov. - M.: IVL, 1958.
• History of Siberia from ancient times to the present day: in 5 volumes / chapter. ed. A. P. Okladnikov, V. I. Shunkov. - L.: Science, 1968-1969.
• Maydar D. Monuments of history and culture of Mongolia / resp. ed. A. P. Okladnikov. - M.: Mysl, 1981.
• Pavlenko N. I. Alexander Danilovich Menshikov / responsible. ed. A. P. Okladnikov. - M.: Nauka, 1983. - 198 p.

Awards

• By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated October 2, 1978, academician Alexei Pavlovich Okladnikov was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor for his great services in the field of archeology and historical science, in the training of scientific personnel and in connection with his 70th birthday.
• He was awarded three Orders of Lenin (1967, 1975, 1978), three Orders of the Badge of Honor (1945, 1947, 1954), the Order of the Order of Labor (Hungary, 1974), the Order of the Red Banner (Mongolia, 1978), as well as medals.
• Laureate of the Stalin Prize, 2nd degree (1950) and the USSR State Prize (1973) for editing the five-volume History of Siberia.

Notes

1. 1973 - OKLADNIKOV O. P.
2. Natalya Ponomareva Ours, I guess, are Innokenty's. - Irkutsk: Non-state cultural institution "Socio-ecological Expedition InterBAIKAL", 2009. - V. January 16.

Literature

• Okladnikov Alexey Pavlovich // Great Soviet Encyclopedia: / Ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov. - 3rd ed. - M. : Soviet encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
• Okladnikov Alexey Pavlovich // Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Siberian branch. Personal composition. 1957-1982. Novosibirsk, 1982. P. 47.
• Okladnikov Alexey Pavlovich // Russian Academy of Sciences. Siberian branch: personnel / Comp. E. G. Vodichev and others - Novosibirsk: Science, 2007. - P. 198-199.
• Homo Eurosicus in the depths and spaces of history: collection. tr. Intl. conf., dedicated 100th anniversary of academician A.P. Okladnikov. - St. Petersburg. : Asterion, 2008.
• Alexey Pavlovich Okladnikov. M.: Nauka, 1981 (Materials for the biobibliography of scientists of the USSR. Series of history; Issue 13)
• Brodyansky D. L. A.P. Okladnikov and the problems of the Far Eastern Neolithic // Problems of ancient cultures of Siberia: (collection of scientific articles). Novosibirsk, 1985. pp. 34-37.
• Brodyansky D. L. A.P. Okladnikov and modern problems of Far Eastern archeology // Amur - the road of millennia: materials from interregion. scientific conf. - Khabarovsk: KhKKM im. N. I. Grodekova, 2006. - pp. 25-27. - (5th Grodekov Readings).
• Brodyansky D. L. A. P. Okladnikov: intuition and foresight // Proceedings of the II (XVIII) All-Russian Archaeological Congress in Suzdal. - M.: Institute of Archeology, 2008. - P. 193-194.
• Brodyansky D. L. Memories of the teacher: (Okladnikov A.P.) // Nature. 1983. No. 8. P. 89-93.
• Brodyansky D. L. Episodes with A.P. Okladnikov // Problems of archeology of Northern, Eastern and Central Asia. Novosibirsk, 2003. pp. 12-14.
• Derevianko A. P. Alexey Pavlovich Okladnikov // Pioneers. M.: Young Guard, 1983. (in the series “ZhZL”)
• Derevianko A. P. In search of the deer Golden Horns / Artist I. S. Kleinard.. - M.: Soviet Russia, 1980. - 416, p. - (People of Soviet Russia). - 75,000 copies.(in translation)
• Derevyanko A. P., Molodin V. I., Khudyakov Yu. S. The significance of the scientific heritage of academician A.P. Okladnikov for the development of archeology in Northern and Central Asia (on the 100th anniversary of his birth) // Russian Archeology. 2008. No. 4. P. 137-143.
• Derevianko E. I., Zakstelsky A. B. The path of distant millennia: pages from the life of an archaeologist and traveler. Novosibirsk, 2008.
• Researchers of Gorny Altai. Gorno-Altaisk, 2002.
• Konopatsky A.K. The great pathfinder of the past (Academician A.P. Okladnikov: pages of biography). - Novosibirsk: Siberian Chronograph, 2001. - ISBN 5-87550-121-9
• Larichev V. E. Embrace the immensity! (On the 90th anniversary of Academician Alexei Pavlovich Okladnikov) // Science in Siberia. 1998. No. 27. P. 5.
• Larichev V. E. Forty years among Siberian antiquities. Materials for the biography of Academician A.P. Okladnikov. Annotated bibliography. - Novosibirsk: Zap.-Sib. book publishing house, 1970.
• Molodtsov I. Man resurrects centuries // If you are a communist. M.: Soviet Russia, 1968. pp. 116-139.
• Neolithic and neolithization of the Sea of ​​Japan basin: man and historical landscape: international. conf., dedicated 100th anniversary of A.P. Okladnikov. - Vladivostok: Dalnevost Publishing House. University, 2008.
• Window to an unknown world: Sat. Art. to the 100th anniversary of the birth of academician. Alexey Pavlovich Okladnikov. - Novosibirsk: Publishing House of the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of Sibirsk. Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2008.
• Paderin G. N. In the zone of uncharted depths. Novosibirsk: Zap.-Sib. book publishing house, 1980.
• Centenary of the great APE: To the anniversary of Academician Alexei Pavlovich Okladnikov: collection. scientific slave. - Vladivostok: Dalnevost Publishing House. University, 2008. - (Pacific Archeology; issue 16)
• Formozov A. A. How we argue // Man and science: from the notes of an archaeologist. - M.: Znak, 2005. - P. 175-213
• Shataev A.V. Great Okladnikov // Land of Altai. 2001. 30.06. No. 7. P. 6.

OKLADNIKOV ALEXEY PAVLOVICH
(20.09(03.10).1908 - 18.11.1981)

Full member (1968), corresponding member (1964) of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Historical Sciences (1947), professor (1962). Historian, archaeologist. Specialist in the field of history of primitive society, archeology and ethnography of North, Central and East Asia.

He studied at the Irkutsk Pedagogical College, then at the Pedagogical Institute (1924-1934).

Head of department of the Irkutsk Museum (1927-1934), graduate student at the State Academy of the History of Material Culture of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Leningrad, 1934-1938); senior researcher (1938-1949). On the eve and during the war he worked in Yakutia as part of the Lena historical and archaeological expedition. Deputy director, head Leningrad Department (archeology) (1949-1950), head. Paleolithic sector of the Academy of Sciences (1951-1961).

In the Siberian department since 1961: head. Department of Humanitarian Research, Deputy director (1961-1966), organizer and director of the Institute of History, Philology and Philosophy (1966-1981). Taught at Novosibirsk State University (NSU): professor, head. Department of General History (1962-1981).

One of the largest Soviet historians, founder of the school of researchers of history, archeology and ethnography of Siberia, the Far East, Middle and Central Asia. He discovered numerous monuments of the Paleolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Ages, including the first Neanderthal remains in the country (1938, Teshik-Tash Grotto, Uzbekistan). Discovered and explored the main areas of petroglyphs (rock carvings) of various styles from the Paleolithic to the Middle Ages. He made a fundamental contribution to the coverage of the problems of human origins, the initial settlement of North Asia, and America. The largest researcher of primitive art. He led the Soviet-Mongolian and the first Soviet-American (Alaska) archaeological expeditions, and was co-chairman of the Soviet-Hungarian commission of historians. Under his leadership, the five-volume “History of Siberia” was prepared and published - the first generalizing work on the history of the eastern regions of Russia.

Hero of Socialist Labor (1978). Awarded numerous orders and medals.

One of the caves in the Altai Mountains, an auditorium at NSU bear his name, a prize named after him is awarded to young scientists of the SB RAS, and a scholarship is awarded to NSU students.

Source:

Okladnikov Alexey Pavlovich // Russian Academy of Sciences. Siberian branch: Personnel. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2007. P.198-199.

Additional materials:

Information system "Archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences" Primorsky State United Museum named after. V.K.Arsenyeva

From the newspaper “Science in Siberia”: