Guidelines for creating cartoons with children. Creating a cartoon in a dowsing environment with your own hands Filming a cartoon in kindergarten

Municipal preschool educational institution Kindergarten No. 1 “Alyonushka”

Turin urban district.

Compiled by: Timofeeva I. A.,

Educator.

Turinsk, 2017

Target: introduction to the process of creating cartoons

Tasks:

1) introduce master class participants to the stages of creating a cartoon;

2) master the technique of creating cartoons with your own hands using available technical means (digital camera, laptop);

3) show the sequence of work on film editing incomputer program for video editing Windows Live

During the master class, participants:

Plunge into the creative process of creating animation products;

Learn how cartoon characters are made and move;

In practice, they will try a variety of ways to create a cartoon.

(plasticine, object, planar animation);

- “revive” and voice their work by making a small cartoon;

Equipment and materials:multimedia equipment, laptop

For all: sheet A 4 for creating a storyboard, “Stages of creating a cartoon”, memo “How to work in the program Windows Live "(Appendix No. 1). “Voicing a cartoon” (Appendix No. 2)

1 table: digital camera, laptop, clearing background, sun made of colored paper, ready-made butterflies from plasticine, ready-made clouds from padding polyester

Table 2: digital camera, laptop, background of a clearing, sun made of colored paper, clouds and a cloud made of padding polyester, ready-made, beads for rain.

3 table: digital camera, laptop, clearing background, sun made of colored paper, sprouts made of plasticine ready from smallest to largest, snowdrop made of plasticine, clouds made of padding polyester ready-made,

Progress: Hello dear colleagues!

Today I will tell and show you how to create cartoons. Everyone knows that children (and not only children) love cartoons. What is animation? This is a quick change of frames with changing movements. Moreover, the less noticeable these movements are, the smoother the cartoon will be. There are a lot of techniques for creating cartoons. Today we will work with techniques such as plasticine and animation using the transfer technique.

Do you think creating a cartoon is difficult? I assure you that no! I suggest that you act step by step and master animation activities in order to apply them in your teaching practice. And now I invite you to the Multi-Pulti studio.

Algorithm for creating a cartoon:

• We choose any fairy tale, story or poem (or we remember a story from experience, or we come up with a story ourselves), an idea - a script (ready-made script)

1. On a warm spring day, butterflies frolicked in the clearing, fluttered and rejoiced in the warm sun! White fluffy clouds floated across the blue sky. (Music "butterfly")

2. The wind blew and the sun was hidden by a cloud. A warm spring rain began to fall. (Music of the rain). The rain suddenly stopped and the gentle sun came out.

3. Suddenly the first sprout appeared from the Earth. He grew up and reached out to the warm sun!

The first snowdrop has grown! Miracle! (Music "Snowdrop").

• Preparing for filming a cartoon, making characters

(characters made)

• Preparation of scenery and background ( background is ready)

• Installation of scenery on the shooting site (the background is fixed on the table)
• We draw a storyboard (schematically) of what will happen in the frame.

I suggest you create a cartoon “Spring Miracle”.

Shooting a cartoon. I suggest you divide into 3 filming groups,

distribute cartoon professions: 1 camera operator - takes a place at the camera and does time-lapse photography. Animators (2-3 people) - carry out actions in the frame, rearranging characters and scenery in accordance with the plot.

Advice for film crews:Each film crew has its own script

- The greater the detail in the character's movement, the more natural and smooth the movements will be.

While shooting, make sure that static objects (background) do not move.

Do not forget that changes may occur in the scenery (the wind blew, a cloud rolled in). - No foreign objects, animators’ hands, or shadows should get into the frame.

In order for the characters’ movements to be clear, you need to shoot from one point, fixing the camera (preferably on a tripod), without moving or zooming in on the image.

We shoot one frame at a time for each scene; there are 25 frames in one cinematic second of the film, but for our amateur cartoon a smaller number of frames will be enough.

- Each film crew must take at least 20 photographs to create a joint cartoon lasting 1 minute.

First of all, take 2-3 frames of an empty background. Then we should have characters. The character appears from the very edge of the frame and moves approximately 1 cm.

It's done like this. We take the hero and put him in a position for imitation. (The flight of a butterfly, the movement of clouds, clouds, rain, the germination of snowdrops) and take a picture (showing the movement of a cloud, the flight of a butterfly on a magnetic board).

Frame 1 Frames film crews (1,2,3)

Then, trying not to move it, we carefully change its position, taking into account the movement forward by about 1 cm, and take the next picture.

Frame 2. P Then move forward 1 cm and take a photo.

Frame 3.

Create a separate folder on your desktop. It is necessary to store all the materials that will be needed for editing the cartoon. This is important if the layout will take several days. When closing a project, the program will not lose a single file.We import the filmed frames of the cartoon onto the computer desktop (all footage transferred to the computer is viewed, unnecessary frames are deleted).

Cartoon montage.(Work in Windows Live is shown on multimedia, film crews work on their computers)

Step 1 .Open the Windows Live program.The ribbon presents to our attention many commands for working with video and audio files. These commands are nested in tabs“Home”, “Animation”, “Visual effects”etc. When importing video and audio files, text, tabs appear on the ribbon“Video Tools”, “Music Tools” and “Text Tools”.

Secret of success: The more frames per second, the smoother the characters' movements; the less, the more intermittent. Timing: usually we take 4 frames per second, sometimes 1 (it all depends on the program). Accordingly, at a speed of 1 frame per second, 60 photographs need to be taken for a minute of film.

Step 2 . Adding photos - click on the command icon "Add videos and photos."The program will open the folder you created. Using the mouse, select all the captured frames of the future cartoon, and then click the open button. On the desktopthe video track will appear.

Step 3 . We adjust the duration of display of frames. The fact is that the display time of each slide is set automatically by the program and is equal to 7 seconds. It is known that in an animated film, to create the illusion of movement, frames must scroll quickly: about 12 frames per second. Accordingly, the duration of display of one slide will be approximately 0.1 seconds. For such a cartoon, a lot of footage must be prepared.

If you have few frames, we recommend experimenting with the duration of display of photos. To do this, in the tab Home in the Editing group click the command icon. Select all. Then in the tab Edit ( Video Tools) select a command Duration and set the frame display time manually. Review the result and, if necessary, repeat the operation by setting a different frame playback speed.

Step 4. Add a title and credits. To do this, place the movie playback indicator at the beginning of the video track, on the tab home select team: Dadd title/title and credits, then we format the effect of the appearance and disappearance of the text, the duration of its display, the color of the background and letters.

Step 5. We create transitions between frames, titles, titles and Cartoon. To set up a transition between elements, click on the required frame with the mouse. Further in the section Animation in the Transitions group select the desired transition effect. The selected effect will appear on the frame in the form of a translucent triangle.

We are winding down the project.

Step 6. Then each film crew takes turns recording the voiceover, pronouncing their lines (on a voice recorder) Secret of success: If necessary, write the text in small pieces. During recording there should be absolute silence “in the studio” (no extraneous noise). You can use sound effects (thunder, rain...)

Step 7 . Adding voiceover and noise effects. On the tab Home in the Adding group click - Insert voiceover text Open). After completing these steps, the overall appearance of the storyboard area will change - a brown stripe will appear under the frames,which makes it possible to superimpose the voice-over of a cartoon onto a music track,

Step 8 Adding music. On the tab Home in the Adding group click - Add Music . In the window that appears, select the desired music file, and then click the button ( Open). After completing these steps, the general appearance of the storyboard area will change - a green stripe will appear above the frames, indicating the musical accompaniment of your film. To insert music at a specific location, select the command: Add music at the current point. To add beautiful effects for music to fade in and out, click on the composition (the green bar above the frame) under Facilities to work with music on the tab Options in the Sound group Select the speed at which the music fades in and out. Then you need to save the movie (not the project! but the movie). To do this, on the tab home click command: Save movie , select an option to save the movie.

After completion of the work, it is proposed to view all the created cartoons and combine them into one project to discuss the difficulties encountered.

Sections: Working with preschoolers , Speech therapy

Animation in the educational process is a new universal, multifaceted way of child development in the modern visual and information-rich world. [ Annex 1 . Slide 1]

Animation is the artificial representation of movement in film, television, or computer graphics by displaying a sequence of drawings or frames at a frequency that provides a holistic visual perception of the images.

Animation, unlike video which uses continuous motion, uses many independent drawings.

The synonym for “animation” – “cartoon” – is very widespread in our country. Animation and animation are just different definitions of the same art form.

The term that is more familiar to us comes from the Latin word “multi” - many and corresponds to the traditional technology of drawing reproduction, because in order for the hero to “come to life”, you need to repeat his movement many times: from 10 to 30 drawn frames per second.

The world-accepted professional definition of “animation” (translated from Latin “anima” - soul, “animation” - revival, animation) most accurately reflects all the modern technical and artistic capabilities of animated cinema, because animation masters not only bring their characters to life, and they put a piece of their soul into their creation. [Slide 2]

Historical reference

The history of animation is very rich, and its beginnings lie deep in antiquity. The desire to bring his drawings to life can be traced through the artifacts of the most ancient civilizations. Images of athletes running or hunters carrying prey, children playing or priests worshiping this or that god are all images that suggest real action. [Slide 4]

Over time, people began to find new ways to actually bring drawn pictures to life, for which various devices were created, which, in fact, were the ancestors of cinematographic installations and projectors.

In the 70s BC. – The Roman poet and philosopher Lucretius, in his treatise “On the Nature of Things,” described a device for displaying moving pictures on a screen.

In the X-XI centuries. – the first mentions of Chinese shadow theater have been found.

Since the 15th century, small notebooks with frame-by-frame images of the movement of a person or animal began to appear on sale, which came to life as soon as all these sheets were flipped through at a certain speed. [Slide 5]

A little later, prototypes of modern projectors appeared - “magic lanterns”, with the help of which frame-by-frame movements were displayed on the wall using a stream of light. In 1646, the monk Athanasius Kirscher gave the first description of the structure of the “magic lantern” he designed. And from the 17th century, such performances began to be held in traveling theaters throughout Europe. [Slide 6]

The principle of inertia of visual perception, which underlies animation, was first demonstrated in 1828 by the Frenchman Paul Roget. The object of the demonstration was a disk with an image of a bird on one side and a cage on the other. As the disk rotated, viewers were given the illusion of a bird in a cage. [Slide 7]

One of the most significant events in the history of the formation of modern animation was the invention in 1832 of the phenakistiscope, based on the peculiarities of human vision. It was invented by the young Belgian professor Joseph Plateau. Phenakistiskop - the name comes from the Greek words "phenax" - deceiver and "skop" - to look.

It consists of two cardboard disks: the first with slots, the second with figures in different phases of movement. When rotated quickly, the figures appear to move. [Slide 8]

1832 - The same principle was used by the Viennese professor Simon von Stampefer as the basis for the strobe light. A “strobe” was the name given to a cardboard drum mounted on an axle. On the inside of this drum was a series of drawings illustrating the successive phases of movement.

When looking through the cracks located between the figures, the latter came to life. [Slide 9]

August 30, 1877 - Emile Reynaud patented the optical device praxinoscope, created on the basis of a zoetrope and a phenakistiscope, which preceded the technology of cinematography. [Slide 10]

The first real practical way to create animation came from the creation of a camera and projector in 1888.

Already in 1906, Steward Blakton created the short film “Funny Expressions of Funny Faces” (Humorous Phases of Funny Faces). The author drew on the board, photographed, erased, and then drew again, photographed and erased.

In 1912, the first puppet film by Vladislav Starevich, “The Beautiful Lyukanida, or the War of the Horned Men and the Mustache,” appeared in Russia. All roles in the film were played by dried insects - beetles, ants, dragonflies. [Slide 11]

We suggest creating toys with optical effects with your own hands.

Master Class.

There are several ways to create a cartoon yourself without using technical means.

Method 1: The simplest one is probably known to everyone - draw on the corner of each piece of paper in a notebook the phases of movement of the figure, and then quickly leaf through the notebook. And the pictures come to life. To do this, you need to take a thick notebook or notepad and make some kind of drawing on the first page. This could be, for example, a simple man who will move his hands up and down. On the first and last page he has his hands at the bottom, on about the middle page he has his hands at the top, and fill the rest of the pages with positions in between. When everything is ready, start quickly flipping through the pages: the little man is waving his hands.

Another version of moving pictures in a notebook can be created like this: on one page of the notebook we draw a figure (for example, a dog with a lowered tail), on the second page we draw exactly the same figure in the same place, but with a change (for example, the same dog, only with raised tail). Now we wrap the top piece of notebook with the first picture on a pencil and roll it over the bottom picture back and forth like a rolling pin. As a result, the picture appears to be moving—the dog is wagging its tail.

Method 2: The effect of pinwheel toys is based on the same principle (quick change of two patterns merging into one movement). Take two identical pieces of cardboard. On one we draw one picture (for example, flowers), on the second – another (for example, a vase). We glue them together with the wrong sides, leaving a place in the center to insert a pencil. Now if you quickly rotate the pencil between your palms, both pictures merge into one - in our example, we get flowers in a vase.

Another option is to make the same pictures not on a pencil, but on two strings, which must first be twisted. And when the strings unwind, it looks like a bird in a cage.

A real revolution in the world of animation was made by Walt Disney (1901-1966), an American director, artist and producer.[Slide 12]

In our country, animation is directly related to the opening of the largest film studio in the USSR, Soyuzmultfilm, in 1936. Masterpieces of Soviet animation were created there: the cartoons “Plasticine Hedgehog”, “Well, Just Wait”, “Crocodile Gena” (1969), “ Hedgehog in the Fog (1975) and others. [Slide 13]

Quiz.

We invite you to remember plasticine soviet cartoons:

1981 – “Good night, kids!”, “Plasticine Crow”;
1982 – “New Year’s Song of Santa Claus”;
1983 – “Last year’s snow was falling”;
1984 – “And in this fairy tale it was like this”;
1990 – “Grey Wolf and Little Red Riding Hood.”

Let's remember soviet puppet cartoons:

1967 – “Mitten”
1969 – “Crocodile Gena”
1974 – “The Wizard of the Emerald City.”
1976 – “38 Parrots”
1984 – “Little Brownie Kuzya”;

We invite you to play games with visual illusions.

Determine whether the horizontal lines are parallel? At first glance, all the lines seem to be curved, but in fact they are parallel. The illusion was discovered by R. Gregory at the Wall Cafe in Bristol. This is where its name came from – Wall Cafe. [Slide 15]

Count the number of blackheads. The correct answer is 0. There are no black dots in the picture, all dots are white. Our peripheral vision perceives them as black. Because with lateral vision there is a displacement of the picture, but when we look directly at the same point, the optical illusion disappears. [Slide 16]

Fix your gaze on a point and move your head back and forth. How do you feel? The wheels spin due to the peculiarities of peripheral vision. Important information about motion is the change in illumination (degree of brightness) of the details of an object, captured by peripheral vision. Therefore, most illusions of movement are built on the regular repetition of fragments of different brightness or color. [Slide 17]

Determine what is drawn in the picture?

On the one hand we see a young man on a horse, and on the other hand it’s an old man! This effect is created due to the dual image. [Slide 18]

What do you see in the picture?

If the drawings are absolutely motionless, you have nothing to worry about, your mental health is in perfect order. Japanese psychology professor Akioshi Kitaoka believes that such a result is possible in a balanced, calm and rested person. If the drawings move slowly, you need rest, both physical and mental. [Slide 19]

Presentation of toys with optical effects.

The teachers got the following toys:
In the notebooks: a bird is flying, a boy is running.
On unrolled sheets: the bunny lowers its ears, the steamboat lets off steam.
Pinwheels: a boy in a cap, a girl in glasses, a fish in an aquarium, etc.

There are various classifications of types of animation, here is one of them:

G raffic(hand-drawn) animation is a classic type of animation where objects are drawn by hand, and today also on a computer.

Volumetric animation - created thanks to characters - dolls, plasticine, sand or other material characters.

Computer animation is a type of animation in which objects are created using a computer. [Slide 21]

Now we will show you some technologies for creating a cartoon.

Cartoon - a drawing is created through many drawings that convey the effect of the character's movement. [Slide 23]
A plasticine cartoon is created using figures sculpted from plasticine. [Slide 24]
Cartoon - origami can be made by bringing to life characters constructed from paper. [Slide 25]
In the appliqué cartoon, the characters are figures made using the appliqué technique. [Slide 26]
Another technology for creating a cartoon is sand animation, which requires special equipment.
Computer animation is a type of animation created using a computer. This type of animation is available to school-age children. [Slides 27, 28]

Computer animation is created using specialized and non-specialized systems. Thus, specialized systems include 3D and 2D animation; non-specialized programs include those that are inferior to the first arsenal of technical capabilities.

How to create a cartoon with children.

During the preliminary work, children have conversations about animation: they talk about its history, the professions of the people involved in creating the cartoon, and watch cartoons made in various techniques. [Slide 30]

• Camera;
• Tripod;
• Additional lighting (lamp);
• Computer, programs for creating cartoons;
• Voice recorder, microphone;

Materials for creating character backgrounds depending on the chosen technology. [Slide 31]

After this work, we begin the process of creating a cartoon.

1. Thinking through the concept - why, for what purpose is the cartoon being created, what technique is used, what do we want to tell the viewer.
2. Drawing up a script.
3. Preparing the background and creating characters - depending on the animation technique that you and your children have chosen.
4. Shooting.
First of all, take 2-3 frames of an empty background. Then we should have characters. The character appears from the very edge of the frame and moves approximately 1 cm.
Timing: usually 4-6 fps
Accordingly, at a speed of 6 frames per second, for a minute of film you need to take 240 photos
After shooting 10-15 frames, we scroll through the frames in preview mode at a fast pace, this is approximately how the movement will look in your cartoon.
5. Record audio on your existing technical device.
6. Installation of work is carried out in various programs convenient for the user.
Creation of titles. In the credits, you can not only indicate the names of teachers and children - the creators of the m/f, but also include video or photo materials from the very process of creating the m/f. [Slides 32-37]

There are some secrets to success when creating a cartoon, here are some of them:

• When shooting, the foreground is open, nothing blocks the characters;
• Static objects (background) are motionless in the frame; it is also not recommended to move the tripod;
• You can change the position of the scenery - trees swayed, leaves fell from them, etc.;
• No foreign objects (shadows, animators' hands) should enter the frame unless this is intended by the director's plan;
• During sound recording, there must be absolute silence in the “studio”;

You can use various audio effects (door creaking, dog barking, car engine, etc.) [Slide 38]

The results of the work done to create the cartoon:

• Unlocking the creative potential of students;
• Activation of the thinking process and cognitive interest;
• Development of aesthetic abilities;
• Formation of ideas about the creation of a cartoon, the history of animation;

Formation of skills to work in a creative team with the distribution of roles and tasks. [Slide 39]

Master class on creating a cartoon using the transfer method

Literature

1. A. A. Gusakova“Cartoons in kindergarten” Sphere shopping center, M. 2010
2. Anna Milborne I draw a cartoon - M.: Eksmo, 2006
3. Gary Goldman"Stages of production of a traditional cartoon."
4. Children's encyclopedia “What is it. Who is this” In 3v. T.2 - 3rd edition, revised and expanded - M. Pedagogy - Press, 1992
5. I. Ivanov-Vano Hand-drawn film - M.: Goskinoizdat, 1950
6. Internet resource wikipedia.org
7. Mark Simon "How to create your own cartoon. Animation of two-dimensional characters", NT Press, M. 2006.

With the advent of modern technologies, the fascinating world of animation has become accessible to everyone, including preschoolers. Modern multi-studios allow children to master the basics of animation and feel like aspiring directors. With a competent pedagogical approach, interest in cartoons can be used as a means of developing creative, cognitive and speech activity.

The introduction of children's play complexes and multi-studios makes it possible to create favorable conditions that contribute to the successful and comprehensive development of each child. Creation exciting cartoons in kindergarten allows you to increase cognitive activity and develop creative abilities. Preschoolers go from being passive consumers of multiproducts to becoming active participants. They independently come up with scenarios, voice their characters, get acquainted with the principle of operation of technology, and perform many other tasks.

Benefit technologies for creating cartoons in preschool educational institutions

• Formation of speech skills. In the process of voicing, vocabulary is enriched, children become acquainted with book culture, coherent grammatical speech and intonation develop, including phonemic hearing.
• Development of artistic and aesthetic perception. In the process of making characters, children of preschool educational institutions learn to empathize with the characters in their works and to become involved in the role of the hero. This promotes the development of creative potential and the acquisition of useful qualities.
• Formation of cognitive skills. Creating your own cartoon works contributes to the formation of voluntary attention, visual memory, and imagination.
• Development of social communication abilities. In the process of creating a universal product, children learn to communicate with each other and with the teacher, and acquire communication skills, which is very necessary in adult life.

Animation in kindergarten using i-Theatre multi-studio from ANRO Technology will make any activity truly exciting, useful and creative. Preschoolers will be able to learn and acquire the necessary skills and abilities in an unobtrusive playful way. Thanks to such devices, a small team of young authors appears, independently creating brilliant masterpieces.

How do modern multi-studios function?

Stage 1. First, the plot of any work is selected. Preschoolers, together with their teacher, can create their own story.

Stage 2. Preschoolers draw characters using felt-tip pens, pencils and paints, after which they scan and convert them into electronic form.

Stage 3. After this, adjustments, moving, changing the background, and scaling occur. Once all the heroes are placed, the characters are voiced.

At the final stage, a preliminary review takes place and, if necessary, minor adjustments are made.

According to educators, interactive devices create better conditions for knowledge sharing and emotional and social development. Many experts note that creating your own animated products contributes to the manifestation of emotional responsiveness, the development of imagination, thinking and, most importantly, the expression of one’s own feelings through art. Children have a wonderful opportunity to express themselves and reveal their talents and abilities.

Creating your own cartoons using a multi-studio will allow you to establish trusting relationships between children and teachers and create the best atmosphere for the development of speech and social communication skills.

Evgenia Eroshkina
Pedagogical project “How we shot a cartoon” Video

Cartoon based on the author's fairy tale by Lyukshina Semyon (5 years)"About the heroes and the Queen of Moscow." And also a report on how the film filmed.

When instilling an interest in literary creativity, it is not enough to simply read literary works to children. You still have to live them, let them pass through yourself. Theatrical performance, artistic creativity, participation in reading competitions, a book as a gift in various creative competitions - all this contributes to the development of interest in the literary word. Writing fairy tales, illustrating them, releasing homemade books, baby books, photo books, we became so carried away by this literary creativity that the children developed an question: Isn’t it possible to also cartoon do? That's how the idea came about project for research. Having worked through the theoretical aspect of the problem, we came to the conclusion that this is quite realistic. All that remains is to bring the idea to life. For the animation we chose Lyukshin Semyon’s fairy tale “About Three Heroes and the Queen of Moscow.” And children’s drawings for this fairy tale served as the main cartoon material For the story, the drawings were scanned; they are in one of the photo albums on my blog. Then all suitable objects were cut out. The fairy tale served as a script, which was divided into 10 scenes. For the scenes, 4 sets were prepared in which the action will take place. When all this was ready, all that remained was to explain to the guys the shooting process, which involved photographing every movement. To fix the camera, I took an old setup for printing photos. Having improved it a little, I got a convenient tripod. Having fixed the camera on it, arranging the scenery and characters, she gave the children the opportunity to try to take several frames on their own, which they then combined in the program. All the nuances and flaws immediately became visible. The guys themselves came to the necessary conclusions, without unnecessary teachings and instructions:

1. The sunlight was constantly changing. This means artificial lighting is needed. Desk lamp. And do not block the lamp with your hands.

3. The camera moves when you press the button. You also need to secure it with tape.

4. The stand moves on the table. You need tape again.

5. Children's hands are included in the frame. You need to be careful and remove your hands when taking pictures.

6. The characters move in jumps, jerks, and not smoothly. This means that they need to be moved very, very little and in the right direction. Constantly ensure that the one who moves his hero does not get distracted or yawn.

So, everything is taken into account. The filming process has begun. It lasted a long time. But we took breaks. And the anticipation of the result gave me strength.

After all 10 scenes were filmed, the photographs were combined in the Pinnacle program and the children were able to see the result of your labors. And then again the question. What is missing in our cartoon? Music, voices, sounds. Here we already needed the help of adults.

When did they start voicing cartoon, we tried different guys, but the author always knows better how his fairy tale should sound.

And all the other guys can be heard in the report that we shot after the film.

This is how our guys became animators, animators, scriptwriters, lighting technicians, cameramen. They felt the complexity of the work on creating cartoon. But we received a lot of positive things and a feeling of satisfaction from our work. They also became acquainted with new terms, acquired new skills, their creative abilities reached a new stage of development.

Middle group teacher Eroshkina E.V.

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Slide captions:

Teacher-psychologist MB preschool educational institution "Kindergarten No. 6 "Fairy Tale" Avramova N.A. Educator MB preschool educational institution "Kindergarten No. 6 "Fairy Tale" Yakimova A.Yu. Project method in kindergarten “Do-it-yourself cartoon”

The method of educational projects is a pedagogical technology, the core of which is the independent research, cognitive, playful, creative, productive activity of children, in the process of which the child gets to know himself and the world around him, embodies new knowledge into real products. Teaching project method

The project method has a number of positive motives that meet the age characteristics of children 5-7 years old. The ability to achieve objectively and subjectively significant results; Lack of division into subject areas; Wide range of activities; The importance of not only the result, but also the process and methods of achieving it; The ability to act at your own pace, choose forms of interaction (work independently, in pairs with a specific partner, in a group); The ability to demonstrate cognitive, creative, business activity, independence, and apply previously acquired knowledge and skills.

The main goal of working on the Do-It-Yourself Cartoon project is to develop in preschoolers a view of animation from the position of a creative person who has his own experience in creating cartoons. Project "Cartoon with your own hands"

Type of project: long-term group joint child-parent creative practice-oriented project with variable results for children from 5 years old. Brief description of the project “Do-It-Yourself Cartoon”

The essence of the project. Mastering and using the skills of modeling, design, making appliqué and crafts from natural materials, children make characters and scenery for games, staging plays and filming cartoons.

Educational areas presented in the project: communicative and personal development; cognitive and speech development; artistic and aesthetic development (the world around us, speech development, fiction, drawing, modeling, design, appliqué, music education).

Immersion in a fairy tale. Development and creation of characters and scenery. Reviving characters. Independent creativity. Filming a cartoon. Cartoon work plan

"Puppet show". Voice-over of a cartoon. Direct participation in the filming of the cartoon The extent and essence of participation in the filming of the film:

Objectives of the preparatory stage: forming in children the motivational basis for the upcoming work; o introducing children to the language and expressive means of animation; n preparation of materials and equipment necessary for the implementation of the project; r distribution of responsibilities between adult project participants, preliminary determination of the degree and form of children’s participation in various types of activities. Preparatory stage of work on the project

1. Writing a film script. The script is based on a literary work or a plot invented specifically for the cartoon. The characters' lines, possible author's comments, and scenery are indicated in detail. The process of creating a cartoon

2. Storyboard. In order to find out how much time is needed for each described action, you need to play and speak the entire text yourself, measuring the time. Knowing the time the scene lasts, you can calculate how many frames will need to be taken. An animated film must have 12 frames per second.

3. Filming equipment. Requirements for a digital video or photo camera: For a camera, a resolution of 1 million pixels is sufficient. The camera must support manual adjustment of shooting parameters. The camera must be firmly and motionlessly mounted on a tripod. Lighting. You should not use a flash. Table lamps can be used.

4. Filming process. We set the aperture and shutter speed for cameras so that the picture on the display is bright and the shadows are soft. Every little movement is captured by a camera or video camera in time-lapse mode.

Filming

5. Editing the footage on a computer. We import the footage into one of the video editors (“Movie maker”, “Pinnacle Studio”, “Sony Vegas”, etc.). It is advisable to collect each scene in a separate project and only then combine the collected scenes into a common project.

Editing, dubbing

6. About sounding. We will put the collected cartoons on the time line. You need to connect a microphone and enable recording to the audio track. It is important that the spoken text coincides with the movements of the characters.

Zaglada L. Children and animation. // Family world. – 2005. - No. 11. Oberemok S. M. Project methods in preschool education. – Novosibirsk, 2005. Timofeeva L. L. Project method in kindergarten. "Cartoon with your own hands." – St. Petersburg. : PUBLISHING HOUSE “CHILDHOOD-PRESS” LLC, 2011. Literature

Preview:

Research

"How is a cartoon born?"

Scientific supervisors:

Yakimova Alexandra Yurievna

Avramova Natalia Anatolyevna

Tsivilsk – 2014

INTRODUCTION

Cartoons play a great important role and significance in the emotional and intellectual development of the lives of all children, as do fairy tales and stories that parents often tell them; they teach all children to distinguish fiction from reality, value honesty and goodness, fight evil, and teach them to navigate complex situations. situations.

Cartoon is a special and integral part of childhood. This is a world in which every child can forget about reality and dream about a fairy tale. What is it about this mysterious phenomenon of the “cartoon” that is so unusual that not a single childhood goes by without it?

Firstly, watching cartoons develops a child’s imagination. With the help of imagination, young children learn about the world around them. The stories that the characters experience are somewhat similar to life. The child learns to experience and perceive different situations, identifying himself with cartoon characters.

Secondly, each cartoon carries one or another meaning, meaning, resolution of various situations. But not every child knows or even thinks about how they are created.

In this regard, we decided to learn more about cartoons, their creation and make our own cartoon.

Our work consists of two parts:

1. History and techniques of animation;
2. Our experiments: creating your own cartoon

We have set ourselves target - learn how drawings “come to life” and try to create your own cartoon.

Research objectives:

• get acquainted with the history of the development of animation;
• find out what types of animation exist;
• understand how cartoons are created;
• study the process of creating a cartoon;
• creating your own cartoon.

Hypothesis : we assumed that even children can create a cartoon with the support of an adult and the availability of technical support.

Research methods:studying literature on this issue, searching Internet resources, observation, comparison, analysis, filming a cartoon.

Object of study:animation.

Subject of study: the history of animation, the process of creating cartoons.

PART II. ANIMATION

What is a cartoon?

Term "animation"comes from the Latin word “ multiplicatio" - multiplication, increase, increase, reproduction. This is a movie , made using frame-by-frame rendering tools and intended for display in a cinema, broadcast on television, viewing on a computer screen and other electronic devices.

The word "animation" – from the French word “ animation" , means revival or animation. Derived from Latin"anima" - soul, therefore, animation means animation or animation. In our cinema, animation is more often called animation (literally, “reproduction”).

How did animation come about?

Artists of all times and peoples dreamed of the opportunity to convey the true movement of life in their works.

We find a vivid transmission of movement in the art of ancient Egypt and ancient Greece - in sculptural reliefs, in the paintings of the tombs and temples of the pharaohs and in the drawings decorating vases.

In the 15th century books appeared with drawings of the phases of human movement, unfolding which created the illusion of animated pictures (Appendix 1).

In the Middle Ages, there were craftsmen who entertained the public using a device like a filmoscope, into which they inserted transparent plates with drawings. It was called the “magic lantern” (Appendix 2).

In 1832, Belgian scientist Joseph Plateau invented an optical toy, the phenakistoscope, a rotating disk with slots to animate a series of sequential images arranged in a circle. By spinning such a disk and looking at it through a mirror, you can see how the pictures come to life. This was the first device to demonstrate the principle of creating the illusion of movement (Appendix 3).

1832 - the same principle was put by the Viennese professor Simon Von Stampefer into the basis of the strobe light - a cardboard drum mounted on an axis. On the inside of this drum, on a paper strip, there was a series of drawings (usually there were from eight to twelve), illustrating the successive phases of human or animal movement (Appendix 4).

1853 - Austrian Baron Von Uchatzius, having designed a strobe light, in which images were placed on a glass disk and illuminated by an oil lamp, projected them onto a screen for the first time.

1870 - Henry Hale of Columbus, Ohio, organized the first ever public live photography session. He used a magic lantern that projected slides placed on a disk. The phasatron, as Hale's apparatus was called, differed from Uchatius's apparatus only in that the drawings in it were replaced by photographs. The successive phases of the waltzing couple's movement were placed on Hale's disk.

1877 - Frenchman Emile Raynaud, having borrowed the rotating drum of Horner's zoetrope and improved the mirror system of Joseph Plateau's phenakistiscope, created a new, more advanced device, calling it Raynaud's "praxinoscope". This day can be considered the birthday of animation, namely August 30, 1877, when a similar device was patented in Paris - Emile Raynaud's praxinoscope (Appendix 5).

1884 - Marey created the first chronophotographic apparatus. The experiments of Muybridge and Marey made a significant contribution to the study of human movements and the abdomen

nykh and in the development of technology.

1885 - Herman Kastler creates a mutoscope - a device with a drum in which a thousand (or more) drawings were placed (Appendix 6).

The artist and cameraman is considered a pioneer of Russian animationVladislav Aleksandrovich Starevich(Appendix 7). He developed a special artistic technique and technique for staging and filming three-dimensional puppet animation, which has been preserved in its main features to the present day. He created the world's first three-dimensional animated films in Russia.

Types of cartoons.

By creation method:

• Plasticine
• hand-drawn
• Computer
• Puppet

Plasticine animation(clay animation ) - a type of animation. Term claymation Patented by the Wil Vinton Association in Oregon. Films are made by shooting plasticine objects frame-by-frame with modifications (of these objects) in the intervals between frames.

Alexander Tatarsky and Harry Bardin worked in the genre of plasticine animation.

There are several techniques in plasticine animation:

• Layout: the composition consists of several layers of characters and scenery, which are located on several glasses located one above the other, the camera is located vertically above the glasses. The animated film “Last Year’s Snow Was Falling” was shot using this technique (Appendix 8).
• Three-dimensional animation: classic plasticine animation, similar in principle to puppet animation - three-dimensional, “real” characters are located in three-dimensional decoration.
• Combined animation: characters are animated separately and filmed against a blue screen, after which they are “implanted” into separately filmed plasticine scenery.

hand-drawn cartoon(Appendix 9) - technology animations , based on time-lapse photography of slightly different two-dimensional drawings. Arose at the end XIX - early XX centuries.

Initially, each frame was drawn separately and completely, which was very labor-intensive and time-consuming even for a large team of artists. Then a layer-by-layer technique was invented for drawing objects and backgrounds on transparent films, superimposed on each other. On one layer it was possible to place the background, on another - stationary parts of the characters' bodies, on the third - moving ones, etc. This significantly reduced the complexity of the work, since it was not necessary to draw each frame from scratch. Walt Disney was the first to use the layering technique.

Computer graphics(Appendix 10) - area of ​​activity in which computers used as a tool for synthesis (creation) of images , and for processingvisual information, obtained from the real world.

Based on the methods used to define images, graphics can be divided into categories:2D graphics, vector graphics, raster graphics, fractal graphics, three-dimensional graphics.

Volumetric (puppet) animation. For volumetric animation, dolls made of clay, plasticine, wood, and other materials are used (Appendix 11)

By duration:

• Feature-length cartoons: cartoons usually longer than 70 minutes
• Short cartoons (usually about 25-30 minutes)

PART II. CARTOON WITH YOUR OWN HANDS

Stages with cartoon creations.

1. Writing a film script. The script is based on a literary work or a plot invented specifically for the cartoon. The characters' lines, possible author's comments, and scenery are indicated in detail.

2. Storyboard . In order to find out how much time is needed for each described action, you need to play and speak the entire text yourself, measuring the time. Knowing the time a scene lasts, you can calculate how many frames will need to be shot. An animated film must have 12 frames per second.

3. Filming equipment.

Requirements for a digital video or photo camera:

• A camera resolution of 1 million pixels is sufficient.
• The camera must support manual adjustment of shooting parameters
• The camera must be firmly and motionlessly mounted on a tripod

Lighting. You should not use a flash. Table lamps can be used.

4. Filming process.We set the aperture and shutter speed for cameras so that the picture on the display is bright and the shadows are soft. Every little movement is captured by a camera or video camera in time-lapse mode.

5. Editing the footage on a computer.We import the footage into one of the video editors (Movie maker, Pinnacle Studio, Sony Vegas, etc.). It is advisable to collect each scene in a separate project and only then combine the collected scenes into a common project.

6. Voiceover. We will put the collected cartoons on the time line. You need to connect a microphone and enable recording to the audio track. It is important that the spoken text coincides with the movements of the characters.

(Appendix 12)

CONCLUSION.

During the work, we got acquainted with the history of the development of animation and learned that:

More than 100 years have passed since the release of the first cartoon, but their popularity does not fade;

We learned what types of animation exist and that cartoons can be classified: by duration, by method of creation.

Animation is a collective art, time-consuming and very labor-intensive, despite all modern technologies. To create a cartoon, you need a whole team of specialists: a producer, screenwriters, animator director, animators, junior animators, artists, a cameraman, a sound engineer, actors for voicing characters.

We studied the process of creating a cartoon and realized that knowing the basic secrets of creating cartoons, you can create your own cartoon.

Thus, we were able to achieve the goal of our research. The hypothesis we put forward at the beginning of the study was confirmed: with the support of adults, we were able to create our first cartoon.

The knowledge gained during the study made it possible to increase the children’s interest in the art of animation. In the future, we dream of creating many more cartoons in different techniques. And the next heroes of our cartoon will be LEGO toys.

As a result of this project, we learned a lot about how the cartoons we all love are created.

Conclusion: with available technical support, anyone can make a cartoon, but shooting cartoons is a very painstaking job! Thank you for your attention!

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Zaglada L. Children and animation. // Family world. – 2005. - No. 11.
2. Oberemok S. M. Project methods in preschool education. – Novosibirsk, 2005.
3. Timofeeva L. L. Project method in kindergarten. "Cartoon with your own hands." – St. Petersburg. : PUBLISHING HOUSE “CHILDHOOD-PRESS” LLC, 2011.