Year of writing:1924 Reading time:Description of the work:The novel The White Guard, ...
Plastic medicine is a separate area dealing with the correction of visual congenital or acquired defects. The most common type of such operations in Russia is facial plastic surgery. There are several types of such procedures, some of them are performed without the intervention of a surgeon. Before deciding on any operation, you should familiarize yourself with the indications and contraindications, as well as the features of their implementation.
Indications
The main indication for plastic surgery is age. The optimal range for surgical intervention is the interval between 35 and 55 years, since during this period cosmetic hardware procedures are no longer effective enough. The regeneration processes at this age are still active, which will allow you to recover faster after the operation.
Facial plastic surgery is indicated in the following cases:
- loss of clarity of the oval of the face;
- the formation of a second chin;
- overhanging eyebrows and ptosis of the upper eyelid;
- the formation of bags and skin folds under the eyes;
- deep and numerous mimic wrinkles.
The indication for plastic surgery is the desire of the patient himself, since most of them are aimed at correcting the appearance. But to what extent and what kind of surgical intervention will be - you need to decide together with a specialist.
Types and features of the conduct
Plastic surgery is divided into 2 major areas - reconstructive and aesthetic. The first is focused on the elimination of deficiencies that affect the health of the patient. These include a cleft lip, a large tongue, a missing external ear, and a broken jaw. Such operations are carried out only for medical reasons, as they are very complex.
Aesthetic surgery helps to repair mechanical, chemical or thermal damage, as well as to correct some visual defects. Such cosmetic surgeries allow you to prolong the youth of the patient and improve his appearance. Aesthetic surgery is divided into plastic surgery and non-surgical procedures.
Non-surgical procedures
When age-related changes are not yet too noticeable, you can do without surgical intervention. Such procedures are performed on an outpatient basis, they have a minimum of contraindications, after which the patient recovers quickly.
There are the following non-surgical methods:
| Name | Features of the | Result |
| Contour plastic | The procedure is carried out by injection or implantation. In the first case, fillers or specialized gels based on hyaluronic acid are used, which are injected subcutaneously. During implantation, specialists take fat from another part of the patient's body and transfer it to the face. | As a result of injections, they change the shape of the lips or cheekbones, smooth out fine wrinkles, raise the corners of the mouth, and eliminate nasolabial folds. Implantation helps to improve the contour of the face and smooth out wrinkles. |
| Reinforcement | The procedure is a thread lifting performed using specialized absorbable threads. They are implanted under the skin. The procedure is carried out within half an hour or an hour without special preparation and hospitalization | Reinforcement is carried out at a young age to slow down the aging process. After 35 years, it helps to eliminate nasolabial folds and fine wrinkles. |
| Beautification | During the procedure, a facelift is performed using a complex of injections. They are selected based on the individual characteristics of the patient. The procedure is painless, does not require hospitalization and long-term rehabilitation |
|
plastic surgery
Radical methods of correcting visual defects are plastic surgery. The effect of their implementation persists for at least several years. In most cases, patients after such a surgical intervention require hospitalization and long-term rehabilitation. But the result of facial plastic surgery is most often noticeable even before the end of the recovery period.
Specialists distinguish the following types plastic surgery:
| Name | Features of the | Result |
| Blepharoplasty | The operation is performed in the presence of age-related changes and is a plastic eyelid. It is aimed at correcting the overhanging of the upper eyelid and eliminating fine wrinkles. The procedure also helps to reshape the eyes. The operation takes about an hour and does not require a hospital stay. Before it is carried out, clients with eye diseases need a mandatory consultation with an ophthalmologist. |
|
| browlift | The operation, which is a plastic surgery of the eyebrows, helps to lift them and is most often performed together with the correction of the forehead. It consists in weakening the ligaments and muscles that fix the eyebrows. During the operation, the skin is also moved up and fixed. It lasts about an hour, after it the patient is left in the clinic for a day |
|
| Liposuction | During the operation, the surgeon removes excess fat from the face through small punctures of the skin. The procedure usually takes about half an hour and requires a short stay in the hospital after the procedure. | Liposuction is aimed at correcting the shape of the face, and the effect of this procedure depends on following the diet recommended by the specialist. |
| Rhinoplasty | In the course of rhinoplasty, or nose plastic surgery, its shape is corrected, defects in the internal partitions that cause snoring are eliminated. It is not recommended to carry out until the age of majority, the only exception is trauma to the nose. The operation lasts about 1-3 hours (depending on the complexity) and is performed under anesthesia. Tissues recover for a long time (about six months) | After rhinoplasty, humps are eliminated, the nose is shortened or its shape is radically changed. If cartilage or bone tissues were corrected during the operation, then the effect persists for life |
| Canthoplasty and canthopexy | As a result of age-related changes or an operation, an eversion of the eyelid (ectropion) develops, and during canthopexy, the lower eyelid ligament is fixed to the periosteum. It is used to reduce tone. In canthoplasty, the surgeon shortens the cartilaginous plate of the eyelid. After such procedures, the patient is left in the clinic for a couple of hours. The recovery period lasts 5-7 days | Both procedures are aimed at correcting the shape of the lower eyelids, and the effect of them lasts from 5 to 10 years. |
| Otoplasty | During otoplasty, incisions are made behind the auricles. It is allowed to perform the operation from the age of 6, and after the intervention you need to wear a bandage for about 2 weeks |
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| Platysmaplasty | A neck lift is carried out simultaneously with the correction of the second chin, if any. During the operation, performed under general or local anesthesia, the bifurcated neck muscle is sutured and fatty deposits are removed. After it is carried out, the patient is required to lie on the pillow at a certain angle for a day to accelerate healing. | As a result, platysmoplasty corrects the shape of the face, but since the skin in the neck area is very thin, almost devoid of fat, the effect of the procedure lasts an average of 5 years. |
| Bish's lump removal | Bish's lumps are fatty deposits in the cheek area that the baby needs for chewing and sucking. In adulthood, they protect the cheekbones from injury, but this function is not important, so surgeons, if the client wishes, remove them. The specialist gets to the lumps through the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and the skin on the cheeks | The operation is performed to correct the appearance and highlight the cheekbones. |
There is another type of facial plastic surgery called a skin lift.
Plastic surgery (cosmetology) is a field of medicine dealing with the elimination of deformities and defects, restoration and improvement of the form and functions of any organ, tissue or human body. This type of surgical intervention is aimed at returning the patient to the usefulness of his own body, psychological comfort, restoring the quality of life and a sense of beauty.
Plastic cosmetology aims at full or partial return of lost functions to the human body. For example, breast reconstruction after a mastectomy, rhinoplasty to solve breathing problems, transplantation skin after burns or elimination of scars and scars. However, operations are also aimed at purely aesthetic purposes - breast and buttock augmentation, removal of the hump on the nose, correction of the shape of the eyes, etc.
Reconstructive and aesthetic plastic surgery
All plastic surgeries can be conditionally divided into reconstructive and aesthetic (cosmetic).
Reconstructive surgeries are precisely those that correct body deformities and tissue defects that interfere with normal human life. AT this case surgery is not just a whim, but a vital necessity. Reconstructive plastic surgery, carried out successfully, can change the quality of life of a person in better side helping to restore his sense of completeness.
Aesthetic surgery is the use of cosmetic surgery methods to improve the appearance. Such operations help not only to prolong youth and beauty, improve your body, but also get rid of many psychological complexes about the imperfection of your face, any organ or body as a whole. In this way, aesthetic surgery also significantly improves a person's quality of life.
Types of cosmetic surgery
Most often, plastic surgeons are treated with a desire to look younger. For some, this means big breasts and plump lips, while for others it means removing wrinkles on the face, for others it means getting rid of sagging skin. There are a lot of types of aesthetic plastic surgery, but we will list the most common among them:
- Plastic surgery of the eyelids, nose, ears
- Breast and lip augmentation
- Facial rejuvenation
- Hair transplantation
- Enlargement of the male genital organ and vagina
- Forehead and brow lift
- Plastic surgery of the cheekbones and chin
- Skin tightening after weight loss
- Plastic surgery of the arms, buttocks and abdomen
- Hymenoplasty (hymen restoration)
- Plastic surgery of large and small labia.
Another popular surgical procedure is liposuction - the removal of excess fat in various areas of the body.
Read more about all types of plastic surgery in this section. Good luck!
Facial plastic surgery
(face, nose, ears, lips, neck, eyelids)
Modern facial plastic surgery has in its arsenal a lot of techniques for correcting completely different appearance flaws. With the help of blepharoplasty, lipofilling and facelift, unnecessary signs of aging and fatigue are removed, the look becomes more open and expressive, and the face is young. The most narrowly focused plastic surgeries - rhinoplasty (nose correction), cheiloplasty (lip plastic surgery), otoplasty (ear plastic surgery), mentoplasty (chin plastic surgery) - are performed on separate parts of the face, but significantly change the entire appearance of the patient. Plastic surgery to remove Bish's lumps allows you to get rid of problems with jowls and gives your face a more sophisticated look.
(implants, areolas, nipples)
Mammoplasty is a whole range of plastic surgeries aimed at correcting the appearance of the mammary glands. This includes:
- increase or decrease in breast size
- breast lift (mastopexy)
- elimination of asymmetry of glands
- nipple and areola reshaping
- breast reconstruction
- repeated mammoplasty
Modern used implants are made of high quality materials and have a lifetime manufacturer's warranty.
(belly, navel, waist, back)
Every person wants to have a beautiful toned body, but, unfortunately, nature has not awarded everyone with such an advantage. But thanks to modern technologies in the arsenal of surgeons there are such plastic surgeries as liposuction, lipomodeling and abdominoplasty. With their help, you can remove excess body fat in any, even hard-to-reach, places, correct parts of the body that lack their own fat and tighten the tummy.
(ass, clitoris, vagina, lips)
Such types of plastics are gaining more and more popularity in recent years. Gluteoplasty, or buttock plastic surgery, allows you to tighten your ass and increase it in volume.
The whole range of plastic surgeries intimate zone aims to remove defects and give the genitals an attractive appearance:
- laboplasty (correction of small and large labia)
- vaginoplasty
- clitoroplasty
- hymenoplasty (hymen reconstruction)
- G-spot injections (to enhance a woman's sexual sensations)
Absolutely every girl dreams of staying young and beautiful for a long time. This is probably the reason most women are desperate to hide their age. A woman's age is indicated by her hands, posture, clothing style. But the first thing that can give out a woman's age is her face. Namely, such signs of aging as aging skin and wrinkles.
In order for the first signs of aging to appear as late as possible, you need to properly care for your skin. And you need to start doing this at the age of 20. However, at a young age, our skin seems to be perfect, and no one thinks that real age will be noticeable in a few years.
If a girl did not start caring for her face at a young age, then after 25 years, various skin problems may well arise that will definitely give out her age. Of course, all this can be corrected with the help of facial plastic surgery.
Facial plastic surgery is very popular among the fairer sex. But at the same time, facial plastic surgery is the most feared, because operations performed on the face are considered very dangerous. But is it really so, and is it worth being afraid of facial plastic surgery? These and other issues should be discussed in more detail.
Contraindications and restrictions
Despite the fact that facial plastic surgery is very popular, not everyone can do it. There are a number of contraindications in which you can not perform plastic surgery on your face. It is worth remembering that before any plastic surgery, you need to consult a doctor. And of course, you need to pass various tests. Even if plastic is allowed for all other indications, testing is a prerequisite.
Need to know, that analyzes have a certain expiration date. Therefore, if everything is fine with you now, this does not mean that in six months, when you are going to do plastic surgery, everything will be just as great. All examinations must be carried out immediately before the cosmetic procedure at the time indicated by the doctor:
Here, only the main contraindications are considered, in which it is impossible to do facial plastic surgery. Of course, in fact, there can be much more of them, so only a doctor can allow or prohibit plastic surgery.
However, the physician may delay carrying out this procedure if the patient has ARVI or herpes. In other cases, in particular with oncology or poor blood clotting, long-term treatment is necessary until all symptoms that prevent plastic surgery are eliminated.
Varieties of plastic procedures
There are a large number of different types of plastics, and each of the options is suitable in order to eliminate a particular problem.
Without surgery
If you are afraid of undergoing surgery, then you have a direct road to a good beautician. Many people believe that facial imperfections cannot be corrected without a surgeon, but this is far from the case. There are a large number of methods that will help correct flaws and improve the overall appearance of the face. It:
You need to keep in mind: less complexity and the traumatic nature of non-surgical plastics, do not mean at all that it is possible to make lower demands on the clinic and staff, trying to find a more economical option. The consequences of any of the procedures described above, performed by a specialist with low qualifications or with violations of technology, can have very serious consequences for health.
Moreover, the less complexity and responsibility of non-surgical plastic surgery attracts not only all sorts of dark businessmen who are trying to make money on the desire of women to be beautiful, but also outright scammers.
Surgical methods
In order to achieve significantly noticeable changes in the skin of the face, it is necessary to resort to the help of a surgeon. There is a fairly large number of plastic surgeries on the face:
Plastic surgery, like any other, cannot be called completely safe. Of course, it carries certain risks, this must be understood. And before deciding to take such a step, you need to think very carefully and weigh the pros and cons. Under what conditions is it still worth doing plastic surgery:
Finally, we must remember that no plastic methods will allow you to save the result achieved forever. After some time, a new intervention by a doctor will be required. These are both new monetary costs and an increase in the potential danger of procedures, especially when it comes to surgical methods of exposure. Thus, plastic is a struggle for beauty without an epilogue. And before you join this fight, you need to use completely safer ways: the use of various cosmetics that have the desired effect on the skin, massage, spa treatments.
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Plastic surgery can be aesthetic or reconstructive. The former are done to improve the body or face and thus increase self-esteem. The latter are aimed at eliminating congenital or acquired defects in appearance. Operations for medical reasons are carried out from an early age. For example, a cleft lip is corrected after 3 months.
Until the child is 18 years old, each medical intervention is agreed with the parents (or guardians) and is supported by their signatures. If the child himself signs the documents, they are considered invalid.
2. Recovery after surgery can take several months
The recovery period depends on the specific operation and the health of the patient. After procedures that do not require strong intervention in the body (such as injections), a few days are enough. Rehabilitation after a facelift takes up to 30 days.
After breast reduction surgery (it is done for men with disproportionately large breasts), recovery will take at least 1-2 weeks. Breast augmentation will take about 6 weeks to heal. At this time, you need to follow a special regimen (do not lift weights, do not drink alcohol, and so on), visit a doctor and do dressings, take painkillers and, at the end, remove the stitches.
3. When choosing a specialist, the experience of a doctor, his portfolio, and not only are important
A plastic surgeon must be a member of professional organizations and have the appropriate education and certification. An additional advantage is professional involvement. If a doctor participates in conferences or teaches, he is aware of the latest trends in his field. Experience in conducting a particular type of operation is important, as there is specialization here.
Before agreeing on the operation, you need to ask the doctor to show the results of his work. Many clients do not want their photos to be published on the clinic's website or in print media, but it would be better if the doctor, while respecting confidentiality, still shows the before and after photos. Pay attention to whether the doctor has photographs of patients taken after a year or more after the operation. Testimonials from other patients can help too.
4. Plastic is covered with dozens of myths
Many people believe that cosmetic surgery can be done in one go. In fact, many operations involve several sessions (eg mammoplasty, liposuction), as well as post-operative care, with the restriction of some daily activities. Visits to the doctor will also need to be done later.
Another common misconception is that after liposuction, fat will no longer accumulate. Alas, it can return, only it will be deposited in other places. Some people think that sun exposure after surgery is harmful, but most operations do not require such restrictions, although sun exposure can be reduced in the first few days - this will allow the scars to heal faster.
5. The surgeon can refuse the patient
Yes, there may be several reasons for this: age under 18, the presence of diseases that may adversely affect the operation (for example, blood or heart disease). Many surgeons refuse patients if they have obviously high expectations: the doctor cannot “make” any desired part of the body from a photograph - he works with what nature has endowed you with. Therefore, let's say, it will not be possible to radically change the shape of the lips. The same applies to clients who are obsessed with the idea of copying the appearance of a star.
6. Sometimes after the operation you need to change your passport
It depends on how serious changes have occurred with the person's appearance. There are cases when people were not able to go through passport control at the airport, because the officer did not recognize them in the photo in the passport. If the previous photo only remotely resembles your face, the document will have to be changed. If the appearance has not undergone major changes, the passport can be left.
7. Plastic surgery will not get rid of excess weight quickly.
The procedure, taking into account postoperative recovery, will require a long time. For the first 2-3 weeks, patients will experience pain, and bruising will remain on the body. Work, physical activities, childcare and household chores will need to be postponed for 4-6 weeks. Fully rehabilitation will end only after six months or a year.
Then it will be possible to see the final result: until this time, the abdomen will swell, and the patient may experience numbness and stiffness in this part of the body. The scar at the level of the pubic bones will remain for life, although it will become less noticeable over time.
8. The operation is fraught with complications
Complications after surgery can vary. Hematomas occur in 1% of patients after operations on the chest and face. Seroma (accumulation of tissue fluid under the skin) occurs more frequently, especially in those who have had abdominal surgery. The liquid is quite easily removed by decanting through the syringe needle. Other common complications are infections and blood loss.
During liposuction, the surgeon may touch internal organs, which may require a separate operation to restore. Thromboembolism (or blockage of veins by a thrombus) occurs only in 0.09% of cases, and patients who choose tummy tuck are slightly more susceptible to it. The risk of blood clots is higher in those who have already undergone more than one operation. In addition to the actions of the doctor, the cause of complications may be improperly selected anesthesia.
9. Cosmetic surgery is harmless, but there is always a risk.
Surgery is always a risk. To protect yourself, you need to carefully choose a specialist who will perform the operation. But in addition to the qualifications of the doctor, what matters is how carefully and consistently the patient will carry out preliminary preparations and subsequent prescriptions.
10. The operation requires a long preparation
Any operation begins with a preliminary consultation, during which the doctor assesses the patient's state of health and sends him for tests. In addition, the surgeon adjusts the diet and lifestyle: before the operation, it is better to refrain from alcohol and smoking and limit the intake of certain drugs (in particular, aspirin and hormonal drugs). During the operation, it is better to abuse salty and spicy food, as it provokes swelling.
11. Smoking and plastic surgery don't go together.
Doctors recommend that patients stop using nicotine 2 weeks before the proposed operation: this applies not only to cigarettes, but also to nicotine patches, chewing gum and other products. The fact is that nicotine increases the risk of postoperative complications and slows down the healing process of wounds.
