Exam assignments ancient rus. Preparing for the exam. History. Reiteration. Topic: “Ancient Russia. The period of the first princes

Topic: “Ancient Russia.

The period of the first princes "

Cheat sheet number 1.

September. 1st week.

Prince Igor collects tribute from the Drevlyans in 945.

Painting by artist K.V. Lebedev. 1903 g.

I propose a series of cards to prepare for the exam in history - generalization and repetition by topic. The material of each card must be memorized during weeks... Teach guys, repeat. If you systematically practice, then such weekly preparation will definitely yield results.

So, first week of September is the study of the period reign of the first princes. Get started with us. Keep up.

Topic: “Ancient Russia. The period of the first princes. "
Dates	Events
	The vocation of the Varangians, the formation of the state according to the Norman theory
	Unification of Kiev and Novgorod by Oleg. State formation according to anti-Norman theory.
907, 911	Oleg's campaigns to Constantinople, 911 - the first trade agreement.
	The first appearance of the Pechenegs
941, 944	igor's campaigns on Constantinople, a less successful trade agreement in 944.
945-947	Olga's tax reform.
	Olga's adoption of Christianity.
	Protection of Kiev from the Pechenegs.
964-966	Svyatoslav's campaigns against the Khazars, the defeat of the Khazar Kaganate.
	Defeat of the Volga Bulgaria
970- 971	Wars with Byzantium, a treaty with it.
	Battle of Dorostol (victory over Danube Bulgaria)
PERSONALITIES. Princes
Rurik 862-879
Oleg 879-912
Igor 912-945
Olga 945 - 957 (962)
Svyatoslav 957 (962) -972
Personalities	Briefly about them
Askold and Deer	Kiev princes. They ruled together from about 864-882 by Rurik's guards. In 866 (or 860) they made a campaign against Constantinople.
Nestor
Gostomysl	The elder in Novgorod, it was at his time that Rurik and the brothers were invited.
Cyril (827-969) and Methodius (815-885)	Enlighteners, creators of the Slavic alphabet, Christian preachers. FROM 1991 yearin memory of them, of their activities in Russia, a holiday is celebrated Day of Slavic Writing - May 24.
Sineus, Truvor	Royurik's brothers. Sineus ruled in Beloozero, Truvor in Izborsk.
Small	Prince of the Drevlyans who killed Igor.
Representatives of the Norman theory	German scientists of the 18th century: G.F. Miller, G.Z.Bayer, A.L. Schloetzer. At the turn of the 18-19 centuries. they were supported by N.M. Karamzin and S.M. Solovyov. 20th century - L.N. Gumilyov, B.L. Vasiliev.
Representatives of the anti-Norman theory	M.V. Lomonosov, V.N. Tatishchev, D.I. Ilovaisky
Representatives of the centrist theory	A.L. Yurganov, L.A. Katsva and many modern historians
Vasily 1	Byzantine emperor 867-886
Boris 1	Bulgarian Khan in 852-889
World history
	Fall of the Western Roman Empire. At the head was a youth Romulus August... Barbarian Odoacerrevolted troops. consisting of Germanic tribes, in 476 he killed his father, deposed the emperor himself
	The emergence of the state of the Franks (to 843) Ruler of the Franks Clovisled troops to Gaul, in which the Roman governor continued to rule. Captured her.
	The emergence of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula. It was this year that the prophet Muhammad the angel Jabrail appeared.
Early 7th century	The emergence of the state among the Arabs. By the end of 630, a significant part of Arabia recognized the rule of Muhammad, which meant the formation of the Arab state (caliphate)
	Formation of the Holy Roman Empire. Founded by a king Otton.

Kind time of the day, friends, guys and colleagues! Ivan Nekrasov with you. IN exam tests by national history very often there are various types of assignments aimed at testing the ability to judge with the material of the course "Ancient Rus". As a rule, these are the first 4 tasks of the part with a choice of answers, by the way this year RIAN News confirmed the changes in the KIMs of 2016 (read here) and you know, there is an opinion on the Internet that this will not happen, this is all complete nonsense and nonsense, but not in vain after all, for the second year in a row we are being brought to this change, first introduce continuous numbering so that tasks without a choice of answer will not have a classification, these will be either just questions with a short answer, or oral part, about which a word was put in on the PDA + 1-2 tasks of the type with a short / detailed answer.

The cost of an error, as you understand, is very high and you probably don't want to lose extra 5-6 primary points ... First, you need to familiarize yourself with the material of the articles:

Completed? Excellent) And now let's conduct a self-diagnosis of our knowledge on the topics covered. In the coming days, I conducted a special test in our VKontakte group to determine the level of applicants. It is still in the public domain, you can see the tasks and answers of the guys.

The average score of the students was 75 points. The result is not bad, but you yourself understand that this is only the beginning, later from such values, namely their arithmetic mean, a general picture of knowledge of the course will be formed ... and ancient Russia in the 9th-11th centuries. considered one of the easiest periods to study. Where did the guys stumble?

1. Often a failed mistake was the inability to identify the most advantageous areas of activity, or the applicants absolutely do not know what it is, although through dialogue with them, the teachers explained to them the principles of working with 40 tasks. If we take into account the fact that an essay may be introduced next year, instead of describing one historical personality and the score rises to 11 primary ones, the cost of an error is too high!

2. Many of the students confuse events between historical figures, so for some of the contracts of 907, 911 suddenly become the merit of Igor Stary. Bottom line: inability to organize information and imagine time intervals on the timeline.

3. A similar story, as with individuals, is repeated in dates, many, not having heard about the date of creation of the Notification System, try to guess, this cannot be done! It is necessary to narrow the range of suspected dates, so to speak, go from century to date by a logical chain: period, century, ruler, quarter or third of a century, decade, etc.

This is due to incorrect work with historical material. All this will be covered in detail and understandable in our school of preparation for the exam from ZERO to the result ...

Now remove all the manuals, notebooks, close unnecessary browser tabs and read on ... Your task now is to do three simple steps:

1. Solve a thematic test in Ancient Russia in the form with a choice of answers and write down your% of the completed topic in a notebook

2. Download the archive in the materials of tasks with a short answer. I do not attach the keys to them, your task is to perform the tests on a separate sheet of paper and put it aside for now

3. Like and download archive # 2. There you will find tasks with a detailed answer. You can solve them and send me for verification in private messages on VKontakte, or to the support service.

4. Go to the Internet and check on your own the answers to the tasks of point # 2. Divide 100% by the number of tasks you completed and multiply by the correct number of answers. You will receive a%, which you also need to write out in your notebook.

5. You are waiting for part C to be checked and you will receive a% of completed test in response. From these three values, you get a real level of knowledge of the topic, based on which you can work on self-improvement at your level of training.

№1:

Evaluation criteria:

90-100% - I congratulate you! You are doing everything right, there are practically no mistakes in preparation. Continuing in the same spirit, you can easily cross the threshold of the TOP-10 Russian universities!

80-90% - the preparation is going well, the material of the period has been mastered qualitatively, there are mistakes:

a) inadvertently

b) technical related to work on part 2

70-80% is an acceptable result for those who seek to enroll on a contract in a local, not prestigious university. If your goals are slightly different, you should think about ...

50-70% - a terrible result, or you have just started to prepare, have not read the articles and have not learned anything, and if not, then you are thinking in the wrong direction. You definitely need the support of a mentor, because otherwise all your efforts will get you nowhere. Or, with self-discipline, you will dial average score - 47 p., Or you will change your mind about taking the history

0-50% - guys, urgently to be treated and buy a brain for themselves, and take hold of their heads 🙂 It's time to gnaw the granite of science, as an option to tackle oneself hard and sparing no time to start preparing before it's too late. Can you write me , I will help with all I can:/

By the way, more than 20 people are already ready to start training, about 9 more people have not yet clearly announced their intention to study at school and are waiting for the rest:

Preliminary list of students of the school of preparation for the exam from ZERO to the result

There are less and less places left. Students are anxious to start taking lessons and doing homework. And in the coming days we will continue to work on this site, subscribe to updates, there will be a lot of interesting material soon ... and also, guys, be careful. Recently, VKontakte was selling some kind of miracle book for 1200 rubles, I asked the "author" for a screen of the page to see what kind of pill it was-100 points, and it turned out to be Baranov's handbook 🙂 Well, on such a funny note, I end this article, bye everyone \u003d)

Best regards, Ivan Nekrasov

By the way, what do you think about this video: / How can I live with this now ... 😀

Similar materials

Terms and concepts for the section "Ancient Rus"

Anty - the name of the association of Slavic tribes among Byzantine and Gothic writers (VI-early VII century.)

Varangians- (Normans, Vikings) the name of participants in predatory campaigns- immigrants from Scandinavia (Danes, Norwegians, Swedes)

Druzhina - a group of permanent combat associates, friends of the prince, professional warriors and advisers to the prince (armed cavalry detachment)

Verv - ancient Slavic community

The world is a peasant community. Social organization form

The temple is a place of idolatry, where the pagan cult cope

Idol - image of a deity

Magi and sorcerers - priests, ministers of pagan cults

Trizna - ritual actions and a feast in memory of the deceased

Party-People's Meeting of Community Members (Male Warriors)

Servants, servants, slaves

Events - crowded tribal holidays (from - to be together)

Polyudye - collecting tribute from the community members in favor of the prince

Youth, child - junior squad, ordinary soldiers

Voi - people's militia

Rat - an army

Warrior - warrior

Outposts - border fortresses

Vira - a fine in favor of the prince in the ancient Russian state

Virnik - the fines collector

Glagolitic, Cyrillic - Slavic alphabets created by Cyril and Methodius. (the first is not

took root)

Greedy - princely warriors, bodyguards of the prince, junior squad.

Outcasts - in Ancient Rus XI-XII centuries. peasants who broke ties with the community and did not

enjoyed her patronage, freed or redeemed

slaves and other persons.

Chronicles - historical works, weather records of the most important events.

A posadnik is an elected official in an ancient Russian city-republic. Chapter

executive power

Posad people (posad) - commercial and industrial population of Russian cities (townspeople)

who bore duties in favor of the prince (including military service) and paid him

Ognischanin, tiun - ruler of the prince's household

Gardarika - as Russia was called in Scandinavia - that is, the country of cities.

The churchyard is a place for collecting tribute, established by Princess Olga

Kupa - loan (grain, cattle)

Purchase - (peasant dependent on the feudal lord) - working in his field for a coupe (loan)

People - community peasants (hence the commoner)

Fiefdom - land inherited from father to son (feudal possession)

Tysyatsky - appointed by the prince or elected head of the city administration and

militia leader.

Miniature - small colorful drawing

Yoke - (yoke) - oppression, heavy bondage, the burdens of enslavement.

Label-khan certificate for the right to own the principality

Ulus - the specific possession of the khan (sons and grandsons of Genghis Khan)

Baskaki - tribute collectors

Golden Horde - the state of the Mongol-Tatars

Paizza is a sign of the power of Mongolian officials (silver or gold platinum, on

which were cut out by the orders of the khan)

Yasa - a code of laws created by Genghis Khan

Exit - payment of tribute to the Golden Horde

Number - census of the population of Russia by the Mongols for collecting tribute.

Basic terms and concepts (16-17 century.)

Arshin - a measure of length equal to 16 vershoks -71.12 cm.

White settlements - the name of the settlements, the population of which was temporarily exempted from government duties.

Vershok - a measure of length equal to 4.4 cm.

Verst- Russian track gauge equal to 1066.7 m.

Head - the name of military and administrative positions in Russia in the XVI-XVII centuries.

Naughty beggars are poor. They fled south to the Cossacks and formed the Golutven (alien) Cossacks.

Golutvennoe Cossacks- (golutva - felling, a field cleared for processing) - was not included in the registered Cossack army, did not receive any income, was engaged in agriculture.

City clerk- Commandant of a fortified city, head of the garrison, later mayor.

Lip- a territorial district in Russia in the XVI-XVII centuries. led by the labial warden.

Lip reform- carried out in the 30-50s. XVI century on the removal from the court of the governors of the cases of robbers and their transfer to the labial institutions - local government bodies in the bay. First, they were in charge of the investigation and the court in criminal cases, then the issues of current management.

People walking - the common name for freed slaves, fugitive peasants and townspeople. They lived by work for hire and robbery.

Dragoons - a type of cavalry intended for operations in horse and foot formation.

Dummy boyars- members of the Boyar Duma, its first rank. In addition to them, it included okolnichi, Duma nobles, Duma clerks.

Heresy- a trend that deviates from the dogmas of the official church, advocating its transformation.

Zaporizhzhya Sich- organization of Ukrainian Cossacks. It was located behind the rapids of the Dnieper in the form of a freeman - a Cossack republic with a Sich Council headed by a Koshev ataman.

Zaseka - defensive line from an external enemy.

Zemshchina - the main part of the territory of Russia, not included in the oprichnina.

Cossacks - free people who served in the border areas. Self-governing communities were created - Cossack freemen with an elected foreman.

Privateering(Dutch - sea robbery) is a legal form of piracy, an attack by armed merchant ships of a belligerent state on foreign ships carrying goods for the enemy. Used by Ivan the Terrible in the Livonian War.

Equestrian-a court position, the highest Duma rank. Headed the Konyushenny order.

Kopeck- Russian bargaining chip, introduced into circulation in 1534, was 1/100 ruble.

Serfdom - the most severe form of dependence of the peasants, manifested in their attachment to the land and complete submission to the power of the feudal lord.

Manufactory - large enterprise with manual labor, divided into specialties.

Small-scale production- the labor of artisans who manufacture products for the market in their workshops, mainly without the use of hired labor.

Moskovka - Moscow denga, Russian silver coin (0.34 g.)

Hiring- the general name of the ruined peasants and townspeople, runaway slaves, etc., who were hired to work and fell into personal dependence on the employer.

German settlement- the place of settlement of foreigners in Russian cities.

Odnodvorets - state peasants from the former service people "by device" (archers, gunners, city Cossacks, etc.) until 1840. had the right to own serfs.

Oprich - according to Dahl's dictionary, means: "Outside, outside, outside, outside of what."

Oprichnina - comes from Old Russian "Oprich"which means "special", "Besides"... 1. Oprichnina in the Moscow principality was called "widow's share", which after the death of the prince was allocated to his widow. 2. The personal destiny of Ivan the Terrible, where a terrorist regime was established, carried out by the guardsmen in the fight against the alleged treason among the feudal lords.

Parsuna- (from the word persona) - portrait painting that used the techniques of icon painting in writing portraits.

Scribe books - summary descriptions of the farm for taxable land taxation - tax letter (collection of taxes from the plow)

The neighbors- peasants and townspeople who lost their economy. We lived in the courtyards of taxing people, helped them in their work.

Podyachiy - an employee in orders and local institutions (assistant clerk).

Ladles - feudal-dependent peasants who worked for the feudal lord, usually giving him half of the harvest.

Polushka- a bargaining chip, minted since the 15th century .. The smallest coin of the Moscow state, equal to 1/4 kopeck, was 0.17 g of silver

Local order - a centralized government agency. He endowed the nobility with estates, controlled changes in land ownership, carried out an inventory of lands and a population census, and searched for fugitive peasants. Central Land Court.

Orders- central government

Protectionism - (Latin - protection) - state policy of protecting the domestic market from foreigners by strengthening exports and restricting imports, introducing high customs duties and a number of other measures.

Rogue order - central state. an institution that was engaged in the investigation and trial of major criminal cases, the performance of peasants and townspeople, the control of lip institutions.

Discharges - appointment to the service taking into account parochialism and with an entry in the category books, which were kept by the Discharge Order in charge of the affairs of service people, the salaries of nobles, military administration, the appointment of regimental and city governors, the border service.

Split- separation from the Russian Orthodox Church of some of the believers who did not recognize Nikon's reforms. Supporters of the schism are schismatics (Old Believers), headed by Archpriest Avvakum.

Reiters - (German - horsemen) - heavy cavalry in the Russian army, mainly from foreign mercenaries.

Autocracy - a monarchical form of government in Russia, based on the strong, almost unlimited power of the tsar.

"The word and deed of the sovereign" - the system of political investigation at the end of the 15th-18th centuries: everyone, on pain of death, is obliged to inform about well-known intentions against the king, about high treason. The informer uttered the phrase "Word and deed" and stated the fact. The informer and the contractor were interrogated and tortured.

Sokha - unit of taxation, measured by the amount of labor, in the XV century. - the Novgorod plow was equal to 3 squeezes (oglobola, a measure of land plowed per day by one horse) From the middle of the XVI century. a large plow consisted of several quarters (400-600 ha of land).

Mill- an administrative-territorial unit. 2-3 stans made up the county.

Sagittarius - service people, infantrymen with firearms, constituted a permanent army. They were recruited from the free population, they could engage in trade, crafts. The service became lifelong and hereditary with a monetary and bread salary.

Tamga - the state duty levied for the transportation of goods, which had a special stamp. From this word came the concept - customs, the institution that controls the transportation of goods across the border and sets customs duties.

Specific lands - the share of a member of the princely family in the ancestral possession, component a large grand principality, ruled by a member of the grand ducal family - an appanage principality: the land property of the imperial family, created in 1797. from the palace grounds.

Enamel - a type of cloisonné enamel (in jewelry).

Kissing man - an official who was elected from the townspeople or black-haired peasants to carry out financial and legal matters. Swore an oath (kissed the cross)

Fourth - an ancient measure of land equal to 40 fathoms in length and 30 in width. Fathom 2.134 m.

Task 1. Arrange historical events in chronological order. Write down the numbers that indicate historical events in the correct sequence in the table.

Baptism of Russia

Varangian calling

The rise of the empire of Charlemagne.

Answer

Task 2. Establish a correspondence between events and years: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column

EVENTS

YEARS

A) Igor's campaign to Constantinople

1) 882 g.

B) the vocation of the Vikings

2) 988

C) the reign of Prince Yaroslav the Wise

3) 944

D) the adoption of Christianity by Russia

4) 862

5) 945-957

6) 1019 - 1054

Task 3 Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of one, belong to the period of the Old Russian state. Find and write down serial number a term referring to another historical period.

1) Smerd, 2) landowner, 3) Ryadovich, 4) tiun, 5) boyar, 6) purchase.

Task 4 Write the missing phrase.

The economic and social development of the Eastern Slavs was influenced by the trade route passing through the East European Plain, which the "Tale of Bygone Years" called "the way ________________".

Task 5. Establish a correspondence between definitions and concepts. Write down the sequence of numbers in response.

DEFINITIONS

CONCEPTS

A) farmers who have entered into an agreement with the owner of the land for the performance of work

1) smerds

B) free or dependent farmers, the bulk of the population of Ancient Russia

2) slaves

C) people who were completely dependent on the owner of the land

3) purchases

D) farmers who took out a loan

4) tiuns

5) ryadovichi

Write down the numbers in the answer, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

Task 6. Establish a correspondence between fragments of historical sources and their brief characteristics: for each fragment marked with a letter, select two corresponding characteristics, indicated by numbers.

FRAGMENTS OF SOURCES

A) “In the year 6390 (chronology from the Creation of the world). Oleg set out on a campaign, taking with him many soldiers: Varangians, Chud, Slovens, Meru, all, Krivichi, and came to Smolensk with the Krivichi, and took power in the city, and put his husband in it. From there he went down, and took Lyubech, and also sat down his husband. And they came to the Kiev mountains, and Oleg learned that the princes were Askold and Dir. He hid some of the warriors in the boats, and left others behind, and he himself began, carrying the baby Igor. And he swam to the Ugorskaya mountain, hiding his soldiers, and sent them to Askold and Dir, telling them that "we are merchants, we are going to the Greeks from Oleg and Prince Igor. Come to us, to your relatives." When Askold and Dir came, all the others jumped out of the boats, and Oleg said to Askold and Dir: "You are not princes and not a princely family, but I am a princely family," and showed Igor: "And this is the son of Rurik." And they killed Askold and Dir, carried to the mountain and buried Askold on the mountain, which is now called Ugorskaya, where now Olmin's court; on that grave Olm built the church of St. Nicholas; and Dirov's grave - behind the church of St. Irene. And Oleg, the prince, sat in Kiev, and Oleg said: "Let this be a mother to the Russian cities." And he had Varangians, and Slavs, and others, who were called Rus. That Oleg began to establish cities and established tributes to the Slovenes, and Krivichs, and Mary, and ordered the Vikings to pay tribute from Novgorod to 300 hryvnias annually for the sake of preserving peace, which was given to the Vikings until Yaroslav's death.

B) “And Vladimir began to reign in Kiev alone, and set idols on the hill behind the terem courtyard: the wooden Perun with a silver head and golden mustache, and Khors, Dazhbog, and Stribog, and Simargla, and Mokosh. And they sacrificed to them, calling them gods, and brought their sons and daughters, and sacrificed to demons, and defiled the land with their sacrifices. And the Russian land and that hill were defiled with blood. But the most good God did not want the death of sinners, and on that hill is now the Church of St. Basil, as we will tell about this later. Now let's return to the old one.

Vladimir planted his uncle Dobrynya in Novgorod. And, having come to Novgorod, Dobrynya put an idol over the Volkhov River, and the people of Novgorod made sacrifices to him as to God. "

SPECIFICATIONS

1) after Oleg, Prince Svyatoslav ruled Rus

2) Oleg was the first of the princes to sign a treaty favorable to Russia with Byzantium

3) these events date back to the end of the 9th century.

4) Prince Vladimir ascended to the Grand Duke throne in Kiev, according to the will of his father Svyatoslav

5) the chronicle speaks of the "pagan reform" of Prince Vladimir

6) "Pagan reform" failed, but did not stop the prince's attempts to reform the sphere of religion

Fragment A

Fragment B

Task 7. Which three of the listed tribes belonged to the Eastern Slavs? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) Mordovia

2) Dregovichi

3) Tivertsy

4) All

5) Sum

6) Vyatichi

Task 8. Fill in the gaps in the sentences using the list of missing items below: for each letter-containing sentence containing a gap, select the number of the item you want.

A) The founder of the dynasty of Russian princes was the Varangian prince ___________

B) The city ___________ became the capital of the Old Russian state

C) The first collection of laws of Ancient Russia was called __________

Missing items

Kiev

Chosen Rada

Igor

Novgorod

Russian Truth

Rurik

Task 9. Establish a correspondence between an event and a participant in this event: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

EVENTS

PARTICIPANTS

A) conclusion of the first trade agreement with Byzantium

1) Yaroslav the Wise

B) construction of St. Sophia Cathedral in Kiev

2) Rurik

C) wars with Volga Bulgaria, Khazaria and Byzantium

3) Oleg the Prophet

D) the baptism of Russia

4) Svyatoslav

5) Vladimir Svyatoslavich

6) Olga

Task 10. Read a passage from the chronicle and indicate the name of the prince

“In the year 6472 (chronology from the Creation of the world). When (the prince) grew up and matured, he began to collect many brave warriors, and he was fast, like a Pardus (cheetah), and fought a lot. On campaigns, he did not carry either carts or cauldrons with him, did not cook meat, but, having thinly sliced \u200b\u200bhorse meat, or animals, or beef and roasted on coals, he ate it; he did not have a tent, but slept, spreading a saddle-cloth with a saddle in their heads - the same were all his other soldiers, And he sent them to other lands with the words: "I want to go for you." And he went to the Oka River and the Volga, and met the Vyatichi, and said to the Vyatichi: "To whom are you giving tribute?" They also answered: "We give to the Khazars on a slot (a silver coin of unknown denomination) from a plow."

Answer____________________

Task 11. Fill in the blank cells of the table using the data presented in the list below: for each cell indicated by a letter, select the number of the required element

Prince

DATE OF BOARD

EVENTS

Vladimir Svyatoslavich

AND)____________

strengthening of southern borders

B) ____________

957-972

IN)

D)

945-957

D)

Yaroslav the Wise

E)

creation of Russian Truth

Missing items

Svyatoslav

912-945 biennium

First trade agreement with Byzantium

Igor

980-1015 biennium

Military campaigns to Bulgaria and Khazaria

Olga

1019-1054

Establishing lessons and graveyards

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters

AND

B

IN

D

D

E

Task 12 Read the passage from the annals.

“In the year 6390 (chronology from the Creation of the world). Oleg set out on a campaign, taking with him many soldiers: Varangians, Chud, Slovens, Meru, all, Krivichi, and came to Smolensk with the Krivichi, and took power in the city, and put his husband in it. From there he went down, and took Lyubech, and also sat down his husband. And they came to the mountains of Kiev, and Oleg learned that the princes were Askold and Dir. He hid some of the warriors in the boats, and left the others behind, and started himself, carrying the baby Igor. And he swam to the Ugorskaya mountain, hiding his soldiers, and sent them to Askold and Dir, telling them that "we are merchants, we are going to the Greeks from Oleg and Prince Igor. Come to us, to your relatives." When Askold and Dir came, all the others jumped out of the boats, and Oleg said to Askold and Dir: "You are not princes and not a princely family, but I am a princely family," and showed Igor: "And this is the son of Rurik." And they killed Askold and Dir, carried to the mountain and buried Askold on the mountain, which is now called Ugorskaya, where now Olmin's court; on that grave Olm built the church of St. Nicholas; and Dirov's grave - behind the church of St. Irene. And Oleg, the prince, sat in Kiev, and said Oleg: "May this be a mother to the Russian cities." And he had Varangians, and Slavs, and others, who were called Rus. That Oleg began to establish cities and established tributes to the Slovenes, and Krivichs, and Mary, and ordered the Vikings to pay tribute from Novgorod to 300 hryvnias annually for the sake of preserving peace, which was given to the Vikings until Yaroslav's death.

Using the passage, select three correct judgments from the list below. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in response.

1) Oleg was the first Scandinavian prince invited to Russia by Slavic and Finnish tribes

2) after Oleg, Prince Svyatoslav ruled Rus

3) Oleg was the first of the princes to sign a treaty beneficial for Russia with Byzantium

4) these events date from the end of the 9th century.

5) Varangians - mercenary soldiers from Scandinavia in the service of ancient Russian princes

6) chud, merya, all belong to the East Slavic tribes

Review the diagram and complete the assignment

Task 13 As the chronicler Nestor called the ancient river route, indicated on the diagram by the number "1".

Task 14. Write the name of the ancient river path indicated on the diagram with the number "2".

Task 15 In which city, located on the shores of the straits connecting the Black and Mediterranean Seas, did the merchants from Scandinavia seek?

Task 16. What judgments related to the ancient river routes indicated on the diagram are correct. Choose three judgments from the six suggested. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

1) merchants brought honey, wax, hemp from Byzantium to the Scandinavian states

2) one of the reasons for the final decline of the trade route from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea was the capture by the Mongol-Tatars of the lower and middle Dnieper in the XIII century.

3) the trade route from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea was eliminated after the Turks captured the capital of Byzantium in the middle of the 15th century.

4) between the Western Dvina and the Dnieper, merchant ships were dragged

5) one of the states that controlled trade on the way from the Baltic to the Caspian Sea until the end of the 60s. X century. was Khazaria (Khazar Kaganate)

6) Prince Oleg concluded a profitable trade agreement between Russia and Byzantium in the middle of the 9th century.

Task 17. Establish a correspondence between cultural monuments and their brief characteristics: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding one from the second column

CULTURAL MONUMENT

SPECIFICATIONS

A) Hagia Sophia Cathedral in Kiev

1) the oldest Russian chronicle

B) The Tale of Bygone Years

2) the temple was built in honor of the victory over the nomads

C) A word about law and grace

D) Church of the Tithes

5) the first stone temple in Kiev

6) the temple is located in Novgorod

Task 18. Examine the image and complete the task.

What judgments about this image are correct? Choose two judgments from the five suggested. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

1) This coin was issued during the existence of the USSR.

2) The event to which the medal is dedicated is associated with the name of Prince Vladimir the Saint.

3) This image shows the symbol of the tsarist power in Russia.

4) One of the authors of the monument depicted on the coin is A. M. Opekushin.

5) The monument depicted on the coin is located in Novgorod.

Task 19. Indicate the image of the architectural monument created most closely in time to the event, in honor of the anniversary of which the coin was issued. In the answer, write down the number under which this architectural monument is indicated.

From a historical sketch:

“In the year 6370, they drove the Varangians across the sea, and did not give them tribute, and began to dominate themselves, and there was no truth among them, and clan after clan, and they had strife, and began to fight with each other. And they said to ourselves: “Let's look for a prince who would rule over us and judge us by right.” And they went across the sea to the Varangians, to Russia ... They said to Russia the Chud, Slovenia, Krivichi and the whole: “Our land is great and abundant, but order there is none in it. Come to reign and rule over us. " And three brothers with their families were elected, and they took all Russia with them, and came, and the eldest, Rurik, sat in Novgorod, and the other, Sineus, on Beloozero, and the third, Truvor, in Izborsk. And from those Varangians the Russian land was nicknamed ".

Task 20. Give the title of the document and the name of its author. How long does it take to create this document?

Task 21. What event is the document talking about? What caused it? (Give at least three reasons.)

Task 22. What were the consequences of the event described in the document? (List at least two consequences.)

Task 23 According to the chronicle legend, Prince Vladimir faced the question of choosing a religion between Western Christianity, Eastern (Orthodoxy), Islam and Judaism. As a result, he settled on Orthodoxy. Give at least three explanations for this choice.

Task 24. In historical science, there are debatable issues on which different, often conflicting points of view are expressed. Below is one of the controversial points of view that exist in historical science.

for the presence of a state in Ancient Russia.

Ancient Rus X-early XII centuries. can be called a centralized state.

Using historical knowledge, give two arguments that can support this point of view, and two arguments that can refute it.

Write down your answer as follows.

Arguments in support:

1)...

2)...

Arguments in rebuttal:

1)...

2)...

Task 25. You need to write a historical essay about ONE of the periods of Russian history:

1) 1019-1054;

2) 1725-1762;

3) 1917-1922

The essay must:

– indicate at least two events (phenomena, processes) related to a given period of history;

– name two historical personalities whose activities are associated with these events (phenomena, processes), and, using knowledge of historical facts, characterize the role of these personalities in the events (phenomena, processes) of this period of Russian history;

– indicate at least two cause-and-effect relationships that existed between events (phenomena, processes) within a given period of history.

Using knowledge of historical facts and (or) opinions of historians, give one historical assessment of the significance of this period for the history of Russia. In the course of the presentation, it is necessary to use historical terms, concepts,

related to this period.

ANCIENT RUSSIA

Materials for preparing for the exam in history

CHARACTERISTIC OF THE PERIOD.

The formation and flourishing of a unified Old Russian state cover the period from the 9th to the 11th century (frame dates are 862 - the vocation of the Vikings and 1132 - the death of Mstislav the Great).

In the 5-8 centuries. the settlement of the East Slavic tribes takes place along the route "From the Varangians to the Greeks" from the Baltic Sea to the mouth of the Danube. These tribes are at the stage of disintegration of the tribal system, which is commonly called "military democracy". The stratification of society is insignificant, the social structure is simple. The bulk of the population issmerds - ordinary community members. Stand outboyars -tribal nobility, heads of clans,princes - military leaders, andvigilantes , constituting a permanent military detachment under the prince.

The largest tribal unions of the Armed Forces are:

priilmenskie Slovenia live near Lake Ilmen and along the Volkhov River, the city of Novgorod

glade Middle Dnieper, Kiev city

drevlyans iskorosten town

northerners the cities of Chernigov and Pereyaslavl

krivichi Smolensk

vyatichi Rostov

polotsk Polotsk

dregovichi

radimichi

bougeans

volhynians

catch

tyverians

duleby

white Croats.

Northern unions pay tribute to the Varangians, southern Khazars. In the northeast, the Slavs come into contact with the Finno-Ugric tribes Merya, Muroma, Vse, Chud, Mordva, Korela, Izhora.

The main occupations of the population are slash-and-burn agriculture, cattle breeding, beekeeping, hunting and fishing. Religion-paganism. The main gods are Svarog, Perun, Veles, Dazhdbog, Makosh, Simargl, Stribog, Rod.

The trade route "From the Varangians to the Greeks" had a decisive influence on the process of state formation. The tribal elite joined the international trade, acquiring luxury goods. The princes began to impose tribute on their relatives, taking it with the skins of fur-bearing animals, and sold these skins to passing merchants, at the same time charging from those tolls for traveling through their territory. This contributed to the concentration of wealth in the hands of the princes and the strengthening of their power.

The history of the Old Russian state is usually counted from the "vocation of the Varangians". According to the chronicle of Nestor, in 862. Priilmenskie Slovenes, wishing to end the internecine struggle, invited the Varangian king Rurik to reign. He came with brothers Snevors and Truvor and a squad and reigned in Novgorod for 17 years. In 879. Rurik died, leaving his young son Igor. His voivode or relative Oleg became the prince.

In 882. Oleg made a campaign against Kiev, captured the city and made it the capital of his principality. Oleg fought wars with the Khazars and made two campaigns against Constantinople.

From 912 to 945 Igor Rurikovich reigns in Kiev, continues Oleg's policy, fights with the Khazars and also makes two campaigns against Byzantium. In 945. Igor was killed by the Drevlyans while trying to take tribute a second time.

His widow Olga avenged his death and streamlined the collection of tribute, established a wagon system, determining the lesson-the size of the tribute and the graveyard-place of collecting the tribute. Olga was regent with her young son Svyatoslav, made a trip to Constantinople and was baptized.

From 962 to 972 Svyatoslav ruled independently, but he spends almost all his time on campaigns of conquest outside Russia. He defeated the Volga Bulgaria, destroyed the Khazar Khaganate, founded the city of Pereyaslavets on the Danube, and planned to move his capital there. But in the war with Byzantium, he was defeated, did not keep the conquered lands and was forced to return to Russia. On the way to Kiev he died, and after his death the first princely civil strife took place. The eldest son of Svyatoslav Yaropolk killed the middle Oleg, and the younger Vladimir killed Yaropolk in 9870. became the prince of Kiev.

Vladimir reigned from 980 to 1015. he completed the unification of the East Slavic tribes, created a system of defensive fortifications in the South, entered into an alliance with Byzantium and made Christianity the state religion of Russia. After the death of Vladimir, a second princely civil strife took place. Vladimir's stepson Svyatopolk killed four of Vladimir's sons, including Boris and Gleb, the first Russian saints.

As a result, in 1019. Yaroslav the Wise became prince of Kiev. The period of his reign is considered the time of the highest flowering of Ancient Russia. Yaroslav defeated the Pechenegs, built the stone Sophia Cathedral and the Golden Gate in Kiev, created the first code of laws Russian Truth and strengthened the international authority of Russia.

After the death of Yaroslav, centrifugal processes intensify and the disintegration of a single state begins. The next order of reign established by Yaroslav led to endless "relocations" of the princes and provoked frequent internecine strife. Yaroslav's grandson Vladimir Monomakh tried to end civil strife and restore the unity of Russia, in 1097. at the Lyubech Congress of Princes, it was decided to stop moving and jointly defend Russia. A crusade was made against the Polovtsians in 1111. During the period of the Kiev reign of Monomakh, the unity of Rus was temporarily restored, the formation of the Russian Truth was completed and the Tale of Bygone Years was written. The last prince of united Russia was the son of Monomakh Mstislav the Great. After it was swept away, in the words of the chronicler, "the whole Russian land was torn." The so-called specific period began.

During the existence of a unified Old Russian state, the East Slavic society has changed a lot. Social stratification intensified, the social structure became more complex, feudal land tenure was formed, stable forms of organization of power were formed, culture and economy developed rapidly.

CHRONOLOGY

482-foundation of Kiev

862-calling of the Vikings

879-death of Rurik

882-campaign of Oleg to Kiev, the creation of a single ancient Russian state.

907, 911-Oleg's campaigns to Constantinople

912-death of Oleg

941, 944 - Igor's campaigns to Constantinople

945-Drevlyan uprising, reform of Olga

962-972-campaigns of Svyatoslav

972-980-strife between the sons of Svyatoslav

988-baptism of Russia

1015-death of Vladimir Svyatoslavich

1015-1019-strife between the sons of Vladimir

1036-defeat of the Pechenegs

1037-construction of St. Sophia Cathedral

1054-death of Yaroslav the Wise

1066-appearance of the Cumans

1097-Lubech Congress of Princes

1111-steppe crusade

1113-popular uprising in Kiev

1118 - Creation of the Tale of Bygone Years

1132-collapse of a single state.

GREAT DUCHES OF KIEV

862-879-Rurik, the founder of the dynasty, reigned only in Novgorod.

882-912-Oleg, the first Grand Duke Kievsky, but not Rurikovich.

912-945-Igor Rurikovich, the first Rurikovich on the Kiev throne.

945-972-Svyatoslav Igorevich (until 962 Olga was regency).

972-980-Yaropolk Svyatoslavich

980-1015-Vladimir Svyatoslavich

1015-1019-Svyatopolk the Cursed

1019-1054-Yaroslav the Wise

1054-1093-Yaroslavichi.

1093-1113-Svyatopolk Izyaslavich

1113-1125-Vladimir Monomakh

1125-1132-Mstislav the Great

PERSONNEL

GLOSSARY

Definition

Prince

War chief of the tribe

Druzhina

Standing armed detachment under the prince

Boyars

Tribal elders

Tribute

Population tax in favor of the prince

Polyudye

A detour by the prince of the subject lands in order to collect tribute

Smerd

Ordinary community member

Rope

Rural community

Vira

Penalty for the crime, paid in favor of the prince

Tiun

Keymaster of the prince

Magus

Pagan Priest

Enoch

Monk

Hegumen

Abbot of the monastery

Metropolitan

Head of the Russian Church

Bishop

Head of the Church District

Veche

National Assembly

Purchase

Insolvent debtor

Ryadovich

An employee who has entered into a contract for a specific period

Hiring

Employee without a contract

Slave

Bought slave

Forgiven

A criminal turned into slavery

Princely husband

Senior vigilante

Lad

Junior vigilante

Gridney

Prince's bodyguards

Patrimony

Inherited land ownership

Estate

Land tenure granted for service

Hryvnia

Monetary unit, 200g of silver

Kuna, cut, nogata

Small monetary units

Lesson

Tribute size

Churchyard

Place of collecting tribute

Lot

Share of a member of the princely family in the common ownership

Rent

Payment of a dependent peasant to a landowner

Corvee

Free work of the peasant on the farm of the landowner

Kremlin

Fortress in the city center

Detinets

The main tower of the Kremlin

Posad

Settlement at the walls of the Kremlin

Hem

Lower part of Kiev

Tysyatsky

Militia leader

Plinth

Flat brick

Fresco

Painting on wet plaster

Mosaic

Pattern of pieces of stone or glass

Smalt

Mosaic of their colored glass

Grain, filigree

Jewelry technology

Vienna

Ransom for the bride

Cyrillic

The alphabet, invented by Saints Cyril and Methodius for the Slavs in the 9th century, came to Russia along with Christianity

Tithe

Part of the tribute allocated by the prince for the maintenance of the church

Norman theory

The concept of the creation of the Russian state as a result of the Varangian conquest was created in the 18th century by German scientists who worked in Russia (Bayer, Miller, Schlözer).

The next order of reign "princely ladder"

The order of inheritance of the Kievan throne is by tribal, not family, that is, not from father to son, but from older brother to younger. Until the older generation dies out, the younger is not allowed to inherit.

Bortnichestvo

Collecting honey from wild bees

Feeding

Maintenance of the squad by granting the right to collect tribute from a certain territory