Types of deferred tax assets. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities. Deferred tax asset = Deductible temporary differences X Income tax rate

Accounting is a complex system in which everything is interconnected, some calculations follow from others, and the whole process is strictly regulated at the state level. It contains a lot of terms and concepts that are not always clear to people without specialized education, but it is necessary to understand them in certain situations. This article examines such a phenomenon as the reflection of deferred tax liabilities in the balance sheet, what kind of phenomenon it is, which requires other nuances of the issue.

Balance sheet

The concept of the balance sheet is necessary in order to proceed to the main issue of the article - deferred tax liabilities in the balance sheet. This is one of the main elements of financial statements, containing information about the property and funds of the organization, as well as its obligations to other counterparties and institutions.

Balance sheet, also known as the first form of accounting. reporting, presented in the form of a table that reflects the property and debts of the organization. Each individual element is reflected in its own cell with an assigned code. The assignment of codes is carried out through a special document called the “Chart of Accounts”. It is officially approved by the Ministry of Finance and is used by all organizations operating in the Russian Federation. The users of the information contained in Form No. 1 are both the organization itself and third-party interested parties, including the tax service, counterparties, banking structures and others.

Assets and liabilities

The balance sheet is divided into two columns: assets and liabilities. Each contains lines with a specific property or its source of formation. How do you know whether deferred tax liabilities on the balance sheet are an asset or a liability?

There are two groups in the balance sheet assets: current and non-current assets, that is, those that are used in production for less than one year or more, respectively. All this - buildings, equipment, intangible materials, materials, long-term and short-term

The liability reflects the sources of formation of funds listed in the asset: capital, reserves, accounts payable.

Deferred tax liabilities on the balance sheet - what is it?

In accounting, there are two concepts that are similar in name, and therefore can mislead an uninformed person. The first is a deferred tax asset (in the abbreviation OTA), the second is a deferred tax liability (in the abbreviation ONO). At the same time, the goals and results of applying these accounting phenomena are opposite. The first phenomenon reduces the amount of taxes that the organization must pay in subsequent reporting periods. In this case, the amount of final profit in the reporting period will be reduced, since the tax payment will be higher.

Deferred tax liabilities on the balance sheet are a phenomenon that causes an increase in net profit in a given reporting period. This happens due to the fact that in the next periods the amount of taxes paid will be greater than in the current one. From this we conclude that deferred tax liabilities on the balance sheet are a liability, since the company uses these funds at a given time as profit, obliging to pay them in the reporting periods that follow this one.

How are phenomena such as IT and SHE formed?

The organization simultaneously maintains several types of accounting, namely accounting, tax and management. The emergence of deferred tax assets and liabilities is associated with temporary differences in the maintenance of these areas of accounting. That is, if in the accounting type of accounting expenses are recognized later than in the tax form, and income earlier, temporary differences appear in the calculations. It turns out that the deferred tax asset is the result of the difference between the amount of tax paid at the moment and calculated with a positive result. The liability, accordingly, is the difference with the negative result. That is, the company must pay additional taxes.

Reasons for temporary differences in calculations

There are several situations in which a time gap occurs in accounting and tax calculations. They can be represented by the following list:

• Obtaining the opportunity for an organization to defer payment of taxes or installment payments.
• The company charged penalties to the counterparty, but the money did not arrive on time. The same option is possible with proceeds from the sale.
• The financial statements indicate a lower amount of expenses than the tax statements.
• In the bay. accounting and tax use different methods for calculating depreciation, as a result of which a difference in calculations has arisen.

Reflection in Form No. 1

Since liabilities relate to the sources of formation of funds and property of the organization, they are classified as liabilities on the balance sheet. On the balance sheet, deferred tax liabilities are working capital. Accordingly, in the table they are reflected in the right column. This indicator relates to the fourth section - “Long-term liabilities”. This section contains several amounts related to different sources. Each of them is assigned its own individual code, also called a line number. Deferred tax liabilities in the balance sheet are line 515.

Calculation and adjustments

IT is taken into account strictly in the period in which it was identified. In order to calculate the amount of liabilities, it is necessary to multiply the tax rate by the temporary taxable difference.

IT is gradually repaid with a decrease in temporary differences. Information about the amount of the liability is adjusted in the analytical accounts of the corresponding item. If the object for which the obligation arose is removed from circulation, in the future these amounts will not affect income tax. Then they need to be written off. Deferred tax liabilities in the balance sheet are account 77. That is, the entry by which liabilities for retired taxable items are written off will look like this: DT 99 CT 77. Liabilities are written off to the profit and loss account.

Calculation of net profit and current tax

Current income tax is the amount of actual payment paid to the state budget. The tax amount is determined based on the difference between income and expenses, adjustments to this amount, deferred liabilities and assets, as well as permanent tax liabilities (PNO) and assets (PNA). All these components add up to the following calculation formula:

TN = UD(UR) + PNO - PNA + SHE - IT, where:

• TN - current income tax.
• UD(UR) - specific income (specific expense).

This formula uses not only deferred, but also permanent tax assets and liabilities. The difference between them is that in the case of constants there are no temporary differences. These amounts are always present in accounting throughout the entire process of the organization’s economic activity.

Net profit is calculated using the formula:

PE = BP + SHE - IT - TN, where:

• BP - profit recorded in accounting.

Stages of calculation and recording

To reflect all the above-described phenomena and procedures in accounting, certain entries are used based on the approved accounting chart of accounts. At the first stage of generating transactions and making calculations, it is necessary to reflect the following operations:

• DT 99.02.3 CT 68.04.2 - the posting reflects the product of the turnover on the debit of the account by the tax rate - these are permanent tax obligations.
• DT 68.04.2 CT 99.02.3 - the product of loan turnover and the tax rate is reflected - these are permanent tax assets.

Permanent tax assets are formed in the balance sheet if profit according to accounting data is higher than according to tax data. And accordingly, on the contrary, if the profit is less, tax obligations are formed.

At the second stage of calculations, losses of the current period are reflected. It is calculated by the difference between the product of the final debit balance by the tax rate in tax accounting and the final debit balance of account 09 of accounting. Based on the above, we form the postings:

• DT 68.04.2 CT 09 - if the amount is negative.
• DT 09 CT 68.04.2 - if the amount is positive.

At the third stage of calculations, the amounts of deferred tax liabilities and assets are derived, taking into account temporary differences. To do this, it is necessary to determine the balance of taxable differences as a whole, calculate the balance at the end of the month, which should be reflected in accounts 09 and 77, determine the total amounts for the accounts, and then adjust them according to the calculations.

The procedure for recording income and expenses for accounting and for calculating income tax differs. This leads to the fact that the amount calculated from accounting profit does not coincide with the income tax reflected in the tax return.

To reflect differences in the amount of tax, PBU 18/02 “Accounting for income tax calculations” was introduced, which:

Divides differences in the tax base into permanent (if any income/expense is reflected in accounting and is never accepted when calculating the tax base, or vice versa, is accepted when calculating the tax base and is not subject to reflection in accounting) and temporary (when income/ expenses are reflected in accounting in one reporting period, and accepted for taxation in another reporting period). Permanent differences lead to the emergence of permanent tax liabilities (assets), lead to the emergence of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities;

Provides for the reflection of income tax in the following order:

Conditional income/income tax expense (equal to the product of accounting profit and the income tax rate) is adjusted by the amount of deferred tax assets, deferred tax liabilities, and permanent tax liabilities (assets). The result is the amount of income tax reported on the tax return.

Definition of the term "deferred tax asset"

Under deferred tax asset refers to that part of deferred income tax that should lead to a reduction in income tax in subsequent reporting periods.

In other words, a deferred tax asset arises if the profit before tax in accounting is less than in tax accounting, and this difference is temporary.

Deferred tax asset = temporary difference * income tax rate.

In accounting, deferred tax assets are reflected in the account of the same name. In the financial statements, deferred tax assets are reflected on line 1180 of the balance sheet and line 2450 of the profit and loss statement.

Example

Company B calculates depreciation in accounting using the reducing balance method and it amounted to 150 thousand rubles, and for calculating income tax - using the linear method, and it amounted to 50 thousand rubles. There are no other differences between accounting and tax accounting. Profit before tax according to accounting data is equal to 300 thousand rubles, according to income tax, accordingly, 400 thousand rubles. Income tax rate = 20%.

The difference between depreciation in accounting and tax accounting was 100 thousand rubles. (= 150 thousand rubles -50 thousand rubles).

This is a temporary difference, because - upon expiration of the useful life of the equipment, it will be fully depreciated both in accounting and tax accounting;

This difference gives rise to a deferred tax asset because the tax base is greater than pre-tax profit in accounting.

The amount of deferred tax asset = 20 thousand rubles. (temporary difference 100 thousand rubles * income tax rate 20%).

If the calculation is correct, the amount of income tax calculated according to the rules of PBU 18/02 will be equal to the amount of tax reflected in the tax return.

Current income tax (PBU 18/02) =
Conditional income tax expense is 60 thousand rubles. (profit before tax according to accounting data 300 thousand rubles * profit tax rate 20%)
+
Deferred tax asset 20 thousand rubles.
=
80 thousand rubles.

Current income tax (declaration) =
Tax base 400 thousand rubles.
*
Profit tax rate 20%
= 80 thousand rubles.

Still have questions about accounting and taxes? Ask them on the accounting forum.

Deferred tax asset: details for an accountant

• Deferred tax asset from the loss of a consolidated group of taxpayers

  ... ;. Recommendation R-67/2016-KpR “A deferred tax asset from a loss of a consolidated group of taxpayers..., including a responsible participant, a tax loss, a deferred tax asset is not formed, since such a loss... unlike an individual taxpayer, such a deferred tax asset is not correlated economically with financial... provided for by PBU 18/02) deferred tax asset. The specified consolidated deferred tax asset (hereinafter referred to as CONA) is accounted for...

• Should a deferred tax asset always be accounted for in the event of a loss?

  A loss carried forward forms a deferred tax asset. This follows from paragraph 11... and what entry should be used to reflect the deferred tax asset in the amount of tax on the loss...

• Temporary tax differences: causes and accounting features

  More accounting. Then the accountant will create a deferred tax asset (DTA), the value of which is equal to temporary... IT (450,000 rubles * 20%) Deferred tax asset (DTA) Deductible temporary differences are formed... transactions Dt Kr 09 subaccount “Deferred tax asset” 68 Subaccount “Income Tax... transactions Dr Kr 09 subaccount “Deferred Tax Asset” 68 Subaccount “Income Tax... transactions Dr Kr 09 subaccount “Deferred Tax Asset” 68 Subaccount “Income Tax...

• Advance payments for income tax. Examples

  In accounting, it is necessary to create a Deferred Tax Asset in the amount of 18,000 rubles... in accounting, it is necessary to repay the previously formed Deferred Tax Asset in the amount of 6,000 rubles...

• Temporary tax differences when creating provisions for doubtful debts

  On 18/02 a deferred tax asset (DTA) should be formed in the amount of 8,000...: Debit 68 Credit 09 - the deferred tax asset is written off. Unfortunately, we did not find...

• PBU 18/02 when applying various rules for recognizing expenses (practical examples)

  Record the deferred tax asset. 09 68-4 4,506.48 The deferred tax asset was increased (18 ... of the deductible temporary difference, a deferred tax asset appears, which, according to paragraph ... a deductible temporary difference and a deferred tax asset. Monthly deductible temporary difference ... deductible temporary difference and the deferred tax asset will also decrease: deductible... temporary differences and, accordingly, the deferred tax asset Correspondence of accounts Amount, rubles...

• Deductible temporary differences and deferred tax assets

  Date. In accounting, a deferred tax asset that increases the amount of a conditional expense... a deferred tax asset. In the event of disposal of an asset for which a deferred tax asset was accrued,... in accounting, a deferred tax asset arises. Example 2. Assume ... temporary differences and, accordingly, a deferred tax asset. Correspondence of accounts Amount, rubles... reflect deferred tax asset 09 68-1 4,506.48 Deferred tax asset accrued 18 ...

• Reflection of deferred tax assets, deferred tax liabilities, permanent tax liabilities (assets) in the financial statements

  The difference is 3,000 rubles. The deferred tax asset will amount to 720 rubles (3 ... for profit" 720 The deferred tax asset is reflected. The taxable temporary difference amounted to 6 ... 000 x 24%) - the deferred tax asset was accrued from the amount of the tax loss for ... for income tax. The deferred tax asset was partially written off - based on... a permanent tax liability, and the deferred tax asset, by the end of the year, profit... 11 PBU 18/02). The deferred tax asset is reflected in the accounting records as an entry...

• Taxable temporary differences and deferred tax liabilities, accounting

  The accounting should have already accrued a deferred tax asset for the amount accrued in the accounting... produced in the period of the error. A deferred tax asset formed for 9 months of 2005 ... and a deferred tax asset was not accrued in tax accounting, then in part of the amount for ... accounting, both a deferred tax asset and a deferred tax liability may exist simultaneously ... an error is identified, you must adjust the deferred tax asset only for that portion that...

• Accounting for special devices, special equipment and special clothing

  Russian Federation on a certain date. Deferred tax asset (clause 17 of PBU 18/... the asset for which the deferred tax asset was accrued, the amount of the accrued deferred asset is written off... with the occurrence of a deductible temporary difference, a deferred tax asset appears, which is reflected in the debit of the account... account 68 " Calculations with the budget." The deferred tax asset is the product of the deductible temporary... 09 68 136 800 The deferred tax asset is reflected Monthly during the period...

• Requirements for disclosure of information on income taxes - comparative analysis of IFRS and RAS

  In subsequent reporting periods. A deferred tax asset must be recognized for all deductible temporary differences unless the relevant deferred tax asset arises from: - ... taxable profit (tax loss). A deferred tax asset should be recognized for the taxes and duties carried forward to.... A deferred tax asset or liability on disposal... if it is not probable that the deferred tax asset will be written off. The carrying amount of the deferred...

• Pipeline transport insurance
• Insurance of ships, cargo, other property

  The difference (7.99 rubles) and the deferred tax asset (1.92 rubles) formed in... 09 68 1.92 Deferred tax asset recognized May 2006 26 97 ...) 68 09 1.92 Deferred tax asset was settled 68 77 3.84 Recognized... 09 68 0.27 Deferred tax asset recognized July 2006 26 97 ... 68 09 0.27 Deferred tax asset settled 68 77 5.48 Recognized... 09 68 3.58 Recognized deferred tax asset March 2007 26 97 ... 68 09 3.58 Deferred tax asset extinguished 68 77 2.17 Recognized...

• Income tax for residents of special economic zones

  Russian Federation on a certain date. Deferred tax asset (clause 17 of PBU 18/02 ... tax assets." In accounting, a deferred tax asset that increases the amount of conditional expense (income ... of the year of operation will be fully repaid. The deferred tax asset reflected in the debit of account 09 .. . production 09 68 650 Deferred tax asset is reflected Monthly during the second year... (repaid in April 2008) deferred tax asset During the third year of operation...

• Deferred tax assets and liabilities

  Tax. The resulting amount is called a “deferred tax asset.” This will be the amount... rub. The accountant formed a deferred tax asset from it: DEBIT 09 CREDIT... 12 months). At the same time, it is necessary to reduce the deferred tax asset: DEBIT 68 subaccount “Calculations for... X 24%) - the deferred tax asset is partially repaid. Credit turnover on account 09... the difference for which a deferred tax asset needs to be created: DEBIT 09 CREDIT... a deferred tax asset was created for this loss, this year the accountant...

The income statement in Form No. 2, which is approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 67n, also provides lines for reflecting permanent tax liabilities, deferred tax assets, deferred tax liabilities, and current income tax.

The indicator “net profit (loss) of the reporting period” of Form No. 2 according to Letter of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated September 15, 2003 No. 16-00-14/280 is calculated based on the fact that as an income tax expense deducted from the amount of profit up to taxation, there must be the amount of the contingent income tax expense adjusted to the amount of permanent tax liabilities (assets). The letter goes on to say the following:

« The specified amount of income tax expense is formed in the Profit and Loss Statement as a set of amounts reflected under the items “Deferred tax assets”, “Deferred tax liabilities” and “Current income tax”, the disclosure of which in this report is provided for in paragraph 24 of PBU 18 /02. It should be noted that the amount of “Fixed tax liabilities (assets)” is taken into account when determining the income tax expense when determining the net profit (loss) of the reporting period of the organization, since this amount was taken into account when determining the current income tax in accordance with with clause 21 of PBU 18/02.”

As a result of the procedure for accounting for income tax introduced by the Regulations, organizations determine the amount of profit to be distributed among shareholders differently.

When preparing annual financial statements, account 99 “Profits and losses” is closed as follows: with the final entries of December, the amount of accrued conditional income for income tax is written off to the credit of subaccount 99-1 from the debit of subaccount 99-3, and to the debit of subaccount 99-1 from the credit of subaccount 99 -2 the amount of permanent tax liability is written off. The final result of the organization’s activities identified at the end of the year in subaccount 99-1 is subject to credit to account 84 “Retained earnings (uncovered loss)”:

Below is a diagram of the formation of the final financial result:

Thus, the amount of net profit (loss) obtained from the results of economic activities in the reporting period will be determined taking into account the income tax expense calculated from accounting profit and adjusted to the amount of the permanent tax liability. Let us turn to Letter of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated January 25, 2005 No. 03-03-01-04/1/28. The Letter states, in part:

“the indicator “net profit (loss) of the reporting period” for reflection in the profit and loss statement is calculated based on the fact that the amount of the conditional income tax expense, deducted from the amount of profit before tax, should be the amount of the conditional income tax expense, adjusted for the amount of permanent tax liabilities. The specified amount of income tax expense is formed in the income statement as a set of amounts reflected under the items “deferred tax assets”, “deferred tax liabilities” and “current income tax” (clause 24 of PBU 18/02).

Based on the above, “deferred tax liabilities (assets)” are taken into account when calculating net profit, which is the source of dividend payments.”

Example 1.

Let’s assume that in the first quarter, according to accounting data, the organization made a profit of 90,000 rubles. The conditional income tax expense - 21,600 rubles (90,000 x 24%) will be reflected in the accounting records by posting:

The permanent difference is 5,000 rubles, respectively, the permanent tax liability increasing the income tax is 1,200 rubles (5,000 x 24%). This should be reflected in the accounting records by posting:

The deductible temporary difference is 3,000 rubles. The deferred tax asset will be 720 rubles (3,000 x 24%). This amount in a given reporting period will increase the amount of profit tax payable to the budget, but in the next reporting period (following reporting periods) it will reduce the amount of current profit tax:

The taxable temporary difference amounted to 6,000 rubles, and - 1,440 rubles (6,000 x 24%), this amount in this reporting period will reduce the amount of income tax payable to the budget, and in the next reporting period (following reporting periods) will increase the amount current income tax:

To calculate the current income tax, we will use the formula given in paragraph 21 of PBU 18/02. In our example, the current income tax will be 22,080 rubles (21,600 + 1,200 + 720 – 1,440). This amount will be the credit balance of the sub-account “Calculations for income tax”. The calculated amounts will be reflected in the income statement as follows:

In order to check whether the current income tax payable to the budget is calculated correctly, we will use the method of adjusting accounting data in order to determine the tax base for income tax.

Profit generated according to accounting rules and reflected in the income statement increases by the amount of permanent differences, deductible temporary differences and decreases by the amount of taxable temporary differences. Taxable profit will be 92,000 rubles, income tax - 22,080 rubles (92,000 x 24%).

The amount of net profit (loss) obtained from the results of business activities in the reporting period will be determined taking into account the income tax expense calculated from accounting profit and adjusted to the amount of the permanent tax liability. Then the amount of profit to be distributed among shareholders will be 67,200 rubles.

End of the example.

Example 2. From the consulting practice of JSC " BKR -Intercom-Audit".

Question:

The organization requests clarification on the following issues:

For the period January-June 2004, the company had a balance sheet profit of 177,644 rubles. Also, according to accounting data for this period, the following were determined:

- permanent tax liability in the amount of 17,332 rubles;

- deferred tax asset in the amount of 2,843 rubles;

- deferred tax liability in the amount of 25,587 rubles.

As a result, the following accounting entries were made in June 2004:

When summing up the organization's activities for 9 months, a profit was revealed. This profit, according to accounting and tax records, amounted to 1,800 rubles. First, the organization determined the basis for calculating the contingent income tax expense. The financial result only for the last quarter of the reporting period was taken as a basis. The organization's profit for the third quarter amounted to 3,800 rubles (1,800 + 2,000).

- 480 rubles (2,000 x 24%) - the amount of the deferred tax asset calculated from the loss for the first half of the year is written off.

As a result, the balance on the credit account of the subaccount “Calculations for income tax” amounted to 432 rubles. It is equal to the amount of income tax calculated according to the tax return: 1800 rubles x 24% = 432 rubles.

Let’s assume that the organization for the third quarter was unable to cover the entire amount of the loss received for the first half of the year. When preparing reports for 9 months, a loss of 500 rubles was revealed in accounting and tax accounting. Thus, the loss of the previous period of 2,000 rubles was repaid only partially - by 1,500 rubles (2,000 - 500). For the last (III) quarter of the reporting period, the organization made a profit of 1,500 rubles, despite the fact that a negative financial result was revealed for 9 months. The amount of profit for the third quarter served as the basis for calculating the conditional income tax expense. The deferred tax asset was partially written off based on the amount of the loss repaid.

The following entries were made in the accounting records:

- 360 rubles (1,500 x 24%) - the amount of conditional income tax expense for the third quarter was accrued

- 360 rubles (1,500 x 24%) - part of the deferred tax asset calculated from the loss for the first half of the year is written off.

- 120 rubles (500 x 24%) - accrued the amount of a deferred tax asset, calculated from the amount of tax loss received for the year and carried forward to the future.

As a result of reflecting in accounting a deferred tax asset, calculated from the amount of the deductible temporary difference in the form of a loss carried forward, a zero balance was formed in the account. This corresponds to the data of a “loss-making” income tax return.

However, if the organization received different results according to tax and accounting data, then when accounting for a tax loss, it is necessary to calculate and reflect in accounting the conditional income (expense) based on the financial results of accounting; make an accounting entry to account for a deferred tax asset formed from the amount of tax loss carried forward to the future. Then, if there is a discrepancy between accounting and tax data (as opposed to the case where the amount of tax and accounting loss coincides), one should also take into account the differences that caused this.

Example.

At the end of the year, the organization received a tax loss of 1,000 rubles. According to accounting data, a loss of 1,500 rubles was formed. The discrepancy was caused by the fact that excess travel expenses of 300 rubles were not recognized in tax accounting; for tax purposes, material assistance provided to an employee of the organization was not taken into account, 800 rubles; the amount of accrued depreciation on fixed assets according to accounting data was less than the amount of tax depreciation by 600 rubles. Total difference is 500 rubles (300 + 800 - 600).

Fulfilling the requirements of PBU 18/02, the organization reflected income tax calculations in its accounting records with the following entries:

- 72 rubles (300 x 24%) - reflects a permanent tax liability calculated from the amount of excess travel expenses not recognized for tax purposes,

- 144 rubles (600 x 24%) - deferred tax liability is taken into account, calculated from the amount of excess tax depreciation of fixed assets over the amount of their accounting depreciation,

- 240 rubles (1,000 x 24%) - accrued the amount of a deferred tax asset, calculated from the amount of tax loss received for the year and carried forward to the future.

As a result, the amount of debit turnover on the sub-account “Calculations for income tax” amounted to 504 rubles. (360 + 144). The credit turnover on this account is also equal to 504 rubles (72 + 192 + 240). As a result, the subaccount “Calculations for income tax” had a zero balance, which means there were no obligations to the budget for income tax. This result corresponds to a zero amount of income tax reported by the organization in its loss-making income tax return for the year.

Let's look at the procedure for recognizing losses from previous years.

According to the provisions of Article 283 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, an organization that has received a loss at the end of the year has the right to recognize it for tax purposes (that is, pay it off at the expense of profits) over the next 10 years (reduce the tax base of the current period by the loss or part of the loss received in previous years ). The amount of recognized loss should not exceed 30% of the taxable profit of the reporting (tax) period.

Recognition of a loss received in previous years is nothing more than a reduction or complete repayment of the deductible temporary difference that was taken into account in the accounting registers at the time of the formation of this tax loss. According to paragraph 17 of PBU 18/02, as deductible temporary differences decrease (or are completely repaid), deferred tax assets formed from these differences decrease (or are completely repaid). Consequently, at the moment of recognition of a loss from previous years, the deferred tax asset formed from the amount of this loss decreases. Moreover, the deferred asset will decrease in proportion to the share of the recognized loss of previous years.

Example.

An organization that received a loss for the year made a profit of 2,400 rubles in the first quarter of the next year. When calculating the taxable base for income tax, it was reduced by the amount of the loss for the previous year. To do this, the amount of recognized loss was calculated: 2,400 rubles x 30% = 720 rubles.

When the loss is repaid, the accounting records reflect a decrease in the amount of the deferred tax asset calculated from the loss of the previous year:

- 720 rubles - reflects partial repayment of the deferred tax asset formed from the amount of the loss for the previous year.

Thus, in the tax accounting of the organization, the tax base was reduced by part of the amount of the loss of previous years, which led to a decrease in tax liabilities to the budget. The accounting also reflected a decrease in the amount of income tax due to the amount of a previously generated tax asset.

Considering the above, consider the order reflecting the loss formed in the accounting records of your organization in accordance with the requirements of PBU 18/02.

According to the accounting data of your organization for 2004, the organization has a balance sheet loss in the amount of 4,636,245 rubles. Also, according to accounting data with cumulative totals for 2004, the following were determined:

permanent tax liability in the amount of 39,898 rubles,

deferred tax asset in the amount of 7,323 rubles,

deferred tax liability in the amount of RUB 41,381.

In accounting, income tax accrual in accordance with the requirements of PBU 18/02 will be carried out as follows:

Note:

Unfortunately, your letter does not contain information about the amount of loss your organization received in tax accounting. However, based on the accounting data you provided for 2004, we can say that the amount of loss according to tax accounting data for 2004 is 4,611,913 rubles. Consequently, the amount of the deferred tax asset accrued from the amount of the tax loss will be 1,106,859 rubles:

4,611,913 rubles x 24% = 1,106,859 rubles.

The accounting indicators of Form No. 2 of the “Profit and Loss Statement” for 2004 will be filled out as follows:

Taxation and its system accompany any type of activity, regardless of its scope. Distinguishing between types of taxes and being able to properly manage reporting documents is the responsibility of every self-respecting citizen. Among a large amount of information about income tax and its additional components, we have collected in this article information that will allow you to understand even better how taxes are structured and learn how to manage them.

The term deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets - both definitions are similar and are quite closely related to each other. “Time difference” is commonly used with these terms; we will now try to explain what each of them means.

Short abbreviation SHE and IT, this is the abbreviation that will be mentioned below.

IT is a type of obligation to pay taxes on profits that will appear in the future, and arises by subtracting the difference in asset valuation. That is, there is a difference in the amount, and this is due to the fact that in accounting it is necessary to calculate different values ​​of the assets themselves, income and expenses. In order to make the difference in consequences clear, it was decided to use IT and assets (IT) in the balance sheet. It is also worth adding that the temporary difference is the amount of time for which the tax payment is postponed.

Deferred tax asset = Deductible temporary differences X Income tax rate

1. The deferment method (previously used in the USA and Russia).
2. Method using obligations on the profit and loss account (now used in Russia, Great Britain, Ireland. The USA abandoned this method in the 90s).
3. Method using balance sheet liabilities (or the balance sheet method, which is used in the USA at the present time).

For a more visual understanding, let us give, for example, two formulas by which the calculation itself occurs:

• SHE = VVR * income tax rate (VVR - deductible temporary difference);
• IT = NVR * income tax rate (NVR - taxable temporary difference).

Deferred tax is subject to international standards IAS 12 “Income Tax”. The standard is applied in all countries where the enterprise is called a taxpayer.

Experience of foreign countries

The United States and Western European countries have repeatedly held economic five-year plans, during which the main policy was “the establishment of tax neutrality.” But it has never been possible to unite the interests of the state, the population and stock exchanges together. Because each side has diametrically opposed views on taxation. Agree, taxpayers are interested in minimum payments, the state is interested both in increasing the level of the budget and in creating benefits for citizens, and benefits in no way fit into the “neutral” position. After failed attempts, the US government has quite clearly separated financial reports from tax reports.

In Russian federation

The legislation of the Russian Federation has introduced amendments numerous times, which introduced both significant and non-significant changes. At the same time, I would like to note that until the end of 2002, there was no such thing as deferred tax in Russian accounting. Already in 2003, the deferred payment method came into effect. This model existed for about 9 years, and then was again subject to amendments. This was due to a significant change in interest rates. And the changes led to the income statement liability model.

Over the next 3 years, the law was amended two more times, and the latest came into force in 2011. But the important fact remains that so far none of the international standards have been recognized in the Russian Federation, including IAS 12.

conclusions

Countries are interested in improving the tax system and are trying to introduce and test various methods in order to achieve a more convenient and fair payment of income taxes for all parties. It is not always possible to preserve the interests of all participants in the economic system. It takes years of experience to bring each point to a competent presentation and delivery of information. Even highly developed countries over many years of history have made a lot of mistakes when introducing new laws.

The income tax replenishes existing state budgets, and its interest rate depends on the level of economic development. Not all countries participating in IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) agree to recognize the standards and the existence of deferred tax. At the same time, as you have already seen from what you have read, each state creates its own rules for itself and tries to adhere only to them. And enterprises have an obligation to comply with IFRS standards. Absurd, isn't it?

Deferred tax assets- this is due to time differences:

• the amount of overpayment of income tax in the reporting period, which will be gradually compensated in subsequent periods by reducing the next payments for this tax or
• the amount of compensation for a previously made overpayment. Temporary differences are understood as income and expenses that form accounting profit (loss) in one reporting period, and the tax base for income tax in another or other reporting periods.

Calculation and analysis of deferred tax assets produced in the FinEkAnalysis program in blocks:

• Analysis of FCD to identify signs of deliberate bankruptcy,

Accounting for deferred tax assets

Deferred tax assets are accounted for in account 09 of the same name and are reflected in the balance sheet and income statement. Since the objects with which temporary differences are associated appear in accounting at different times (for some objects the deferred tax asset is increasing, for others it is already being repaid), account 09 simultaneously contains both debit and credit entries.

The debit balance of account 09 is reflected in the long-term assets of the balance sheet and shows the amount that should lead to a decrease in the outflow of funds for income tax payable to the budget in the next reporting period or in subsequent reporting periods, i.e. This is a kind of budget debt to the enterprise. The income statement under the item “Deferred tax assets” reflects the difference between debit and credit turnover on account 09 for the reporting period, and it is taken with a plus if it exceeds the debit turnover, and with a minus if the opposite is true.

An entity recognizes deferred tax assets in the reporting period in which deductible temporary differences arise to the extent that it is probable that it will generate taxable profit in subsequent reporting periods.

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