Sewing workshop: How to choose a knitted fabric for a designer. How to start a yarn business Knitting yarn production how to organize

Often, being engaged in a handicraft hobby, a person begins to be interested in yarn as a business. In this case, you can engage in production or trade. We will describe how to open a store from scratch, because it is much easier than organizing a full-fledged workshop for creating high-quality products.

Many women, being carried away by knitting, over time wish to independently offer others an interesting and varied product that may interest the same needlewomen. And if you focus on the narrow specialization of the store, then in a short period it will be possible to reach full payback and win the competition in the market.

Business specifics

If earlier hand-made knitted things were mostly a necessity, since there was a small selection of beautiful clothes in stores, today it has grown into a pure hobby.

Women are engaged in knitting and other types of needlework simply for pleasure or to create unique and inimitable products. And although the number of people who are fond of such an occupation has become smaller, nevertheless it is of interest to a significant part of the population of our country.

Most of the yarn is bought by young mothers on maternity leave or women aged 40 and over. Another group of buyers - people who knit original things to order, due to which they earn a living. This is the main target audience that you should focus on when setting up a yarn business.

With a sufficiently high interest of the population in such goods, the number of shops with a high-quality and varied assortment for knitting is at a minimum. Especially in medium and small towns, it is very difficult to find a specialized outlet where you can choose the right material. Therefore, competition in this case is considered low, which gives a starting entrepreneur a special advantage.

Registration questions

How to start organizing yarn trade as a business? Be sure to register with the tax service as an individual entrepreneur or LLC. An individual entrepreneur is suitable in most cases, as it allows you to significantly reduce the requirements and tax rates for an entrepreneur.

But if you want to develop the project in the future and open new outlets, it is advisable to immediately register a legal entity. It will remain the only possible option if several people act as financial partners.

In this case, the taxation system can be chosen simplified or general, depending on the level of expenses and income. It is better to calculate in advance what will be more beneficial in practice in your case. OKVED codes must necessarily correspond to the types of proposed activities. To open a yarn store, it is enough to indicate 47.51 - retail trade in textiles at specialized points of sale.

But if you decide to combine a business with an atelier, trade in knitted goods from the public, distribution of accessories or other related products, then you will have to add the appropriate codes. It is better to pre-select all available for this activity in order to have room for the development of the project over time.

When opening a store, you will definitely need to coordinate your actions with the regulatory authorities - the fire inspection, the sanitary-epidemiological station, the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare and the city administration. It is better to ask the local services in advance what requirements they have for organizing a retail outlet in this direction in order to immediately prepare everything properly.

Premises and equipment

Pay special attention to the choice of the location of the future store and its design. So, for placement it is best suited:

1. A shopping center where you can rent a separate room for goods or opt for a small island - in this case, you will face a high fee for a place, but this will provide you with a large number of potential customers without unnecessary advertising costs.
2. A store with a separate entrance on the ground floor of a residential building or among other retail premises on the street - such rent will cost much less, but you will have to think about how to attract buyers.
3. The location near schools, kindergartens and other similar institutions will provide an influx of young mothers and grandmothers who are just interested clients of your direction.

Choose a space that is convenient for your main buyers to visit. So, it is desirable that there are no high steps, space for strollers, etc. It is better to lay out the goods that young mothers often buy closer to the exit, so that they do not have to spend a lot of time looking for the necessary material.

When decorating your store, try to create a cozy home environment. Shop equipment and the size of the premises must be chosen wisely. Yarn is a fairly compact product that does not require a lot of space. The main thing is to provide convenient shelves that are easy for customers to access.

Remember, not all clients like to seek help from consultants, so the goods should be laid out conveniently and correctly sorted. It is not bad if an example of a related thing from them hangs next to a rack with threads of a certain type in order to clearly demonstrate the result.

Since it is impractical to display a large number of threads at once in the trading floor, it will be necessary to additionally organize a utility room for storing stocks. It should be dry and warm, as well as clean.

Assortment of goods

The yarn can be woolen, synthetic, mixed, etc. Please note that the thread thickness may also vary. And there are also many colors and other characteristics by which buyers choose the product they need. It is advisable to have in stock not only popular products, but also other options so that customers can find something that is not in similar stores.

The wider the assortment, the more popular your store will become in a short period of time. In addition to yarn, you can also sell related products - buttons, knitting needles, crochet hooks, pins, needles, various accessories and decorations for finished products.

Please note that overseas knitted yarns are in greater demand than domestic ones. Therefore, you can set a higher margin on it. In order to win the competition in the market, it is advisable to offer customers only high-quality goods. Even if it is a Russian manufacturer, it must be a recognizable brand.

Also in the store you can sell finished products created right here in a separate atelier or accepted from needlewomen on a commission. Thus, you will increase interest in the product by showing what can come from it. In addition, various catalogs, diagrams, training materials for beginners are sometimes displayed on the shelves.

To make such a business as profitable as possible, it is advisable to find reliable suppliers of goods in advance. It is necessary to establish contacts with factories for the production of yarn both abroad and in our country. Thus, you will be able to purchase products in bulk at the lowest cost and make a significant mark-up on the goods. Usually it is 50-70%.

Work schedule and staff

To ensure sales at a high level, it is better to keep the store open 7 days a week. The standard schedule assumes working hours from 8.00-9.00 to 20.00 or even 22.00. So, you can adapt to all your customers and give them the opportunity to buy yarn when it is convenient for them.

To do this, you will have to hire at least two sales consultants. In order to save money, you can independently perform their function, then you will have to pay only one shift worker. The salary level is set according to the “rate + percentage of sales” system. Thus, you will interest employees in attracting customers and increasing the number of goods sold.

Marketing strategy

The development of any business, its success, profitability and owner's profit directly depend on the number of customers and the level of sales. For this, especially at the start, you need to spend money on advertising. Today you have a huge number of ways to attract buyers:

• Place ads in local media - newspapers, magazines, television, radio.
• Use printing products - business cards, flyers, leaflets, etc.
• Spend money on more expensive but noticeable advertising - banners, photos on public transport, etc.
• Create a website or online store where you can view the product in a relaxed atmosphere, learn about its characteristics, cost, or even place an order with home delivery.

You should not spare money on advertising, since it is thanks to it that you will attract a sufficient number of customers at first. And then, when selling quality goods at an affordable cost, information about the store will quickly spread among your potential audience using word of mouth.

An interesting modern way is to conduct master classes. To do this, you need to invite an experienced needlewoman, who will teach those who want to make certain patterns, various techniques, which are quite difficult to master from the book on their own. Also, periodically use marketing tricks - promotions, bonuses, holiday discounts, etc.

Even in the presence of competition in a large city, thanks to such funds, you can attract a lot of customers, which will make your business profitable and profitable in a short time. The main thing is not to skimp on high-quality and targeted advertising. If you do not know which of the above will be more effective, then you can use the help of special agencies, which for a certain fee will take your project to a new level.

Yarn production as a business

This direction is considered more complicated and costly. It is not enough to understand the variations of threads here, but you need to be well versed in what the yarn is made of, where to buy raw materials, how to process it, etc.

To start such a project, you will need much more money than to open a specialized store, since you will need to purchase expensive equipment. At least 7 people will work in such a mini-factory, which will also result in high costs.

Yarn is made from cotton (about 50%), flax, lavsan, viscose, bamboo, wool, down, etc. If you decide to open a workshop for the production of yarn, it is desirable that the region has enough raw materials for its production. Therefore, such factories are opened only where agriculture is highly developed, since they are closely related to each other.

The income of such a business is entirely dependent on the sale of finished products. To compete with foreign suppliers, as well as better-known domestic factories, you need to create a really high-quality product at a low price. Otherwise, the whole project will be a losing one.

Financial part

Even if you are not going to take a loan from a bank, and you have the entire amount available for organizing a business, it is advisable to draw up a business plan with calculations in order to navigate the initial costs and payback periods of the project.

But that is not all. It should be borne in mind that large sums will also be spent on maintaining the store every month.

Since you are unlikely to be able to reach a high level of sales from the first months, you need to set aside a certain amount in advance for maintaining the store for several months in advance.

When you reach an income of about 400,000 rubles per month, which is considered the average indicator of this area for today, you will be able to recoup your initial investment within three months.

Video: how to open an online handicraft store?

Biskvit knitted yarn (100% cotton)

• Yarn from the manufacturer
• Constantly in stock in Moscow more than 5 tons in stock
• The lowest wholesale prices in Russia for knitted yarn of primary production
• The yarn is cut on European equipment, costing 50,000 euros. Thanks to this, we can offer you the best quality - right side cutting of yarn, perfectly smooth roller edges and beautiful skeins.

Wholesale prices

A palette of over 150 colors, all in stock.

Register as a wholesaler and you will see all wholesale prices

Register now

Forms of cooperation

1. Representative

Become a Biskvit yarn representative and earn up to 500,000 a year, clean

1. Knitted Biskvit yarn from the manufacturer

• The lowest prices in Russia for knitted yarn of primary production
• The yarn is produced according to the most modern technology with the right side out (unlike 99% of other manufacturers)
• Excellent quality yarn, no dust, no pellets, perfectly even cut
• A palette of more than 150 colors, the collection is regularly updated
• We produce more than 1 ton of yarn per week
• All colors are available in rollers and skeins
• The coils are wound on an automatic machine with a uniform thread tension
• Skein weight 330 ± 30 g, footage 100 ± 10 m, composition 100% cotton

2. Opportunities for a representative

• The ability to earn up to 500,000 rubles. per year, in free time from the main work
• Minimum wholesale prices from 50 pcs (hank 199 rubles)
• You can set any retail prices (but not lower than a hank of 299 rubles)

3. Additional bonuses for the representative

• To increase your sales, contact details of representatives are indicated in a special section of our website and in our instagram account
• From our side, constant media activity and promotion of the Biskvit brand
• Help, business advice

4. Convenience in work

• Any form of payment
• Sending an order within 24 hours after payment
• Free delivery to a transport company in Moscow
• Delivery across Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan
• Yarn is sent only in cardboard boxes, each skein is individually wrapped

5. Conditions for a representative

• It is necessary to place an order from 10,000 rubles at wholesale prices (hank 199 rubles)
• The yarn must be sold under the brand name Biskvit
• When selling Biskvit yarn in skeins, the skeins must be bought from us, or wound on a special machine. Winding on a hand winder is not allowed
• Compliance with minimum retail prices (hank 299 rubles). Setting prices higher - optional
• Registration of an individual entrepreneur is not required
• All sales channels are allowed, including home showrooms
• The number of representatives in the region is not limited. Manage to become the first in your city!

2. Wholesaler

• The minimum purchase is from 10,000 rubles.
• You are independent in choosing pricing, packaging, etc.
• Wholesalers selling yarn under their own brand are not representatives of Biskvit yarn

Scheme of work

• You place an order on the website, pay and collect in our showroom, or arrange delivery

1. You place an order on our website
2. We confirm availability and report the exact cost of delivery and the amount to be paid
3. You make a prepayment for the order
4. Within 1-2 days we send it by a transport company

Who do we work with

• We cooperate with individuals and legal entities and joint purchases

Delivery

• Pickup from a warehouse in Moscow, sending to the regions by transport companies Energia, PEK
• Free delivery to transport companies in Moscow.
• The yarn is delivered in cardboard boxes to keep it intact upon delivery.

The basic assortment of collections is often formed by designers of Russian brands from knitted items. But, as a rule, young brands work with cut jersey and sew runs in ordinary sewing factories. At the same time, the bridge segment relies on knitted jersey using premium quality yarns.

Tatyana Zatravina, director of the Ecolife knitwear factory, founded the Free Age Fashion clothing brand a year after the knitting production appeared. Among the customers of the factory today are Detsky Mir, Setila, Rich Family, Silver Spoon.

We asked Tatiana to talk about the specifics of working with knitted and cut knitwear, minimum runs for ordering a batch of products, types of yarn and design and cut design features for knitwear models.

Tatiana Zatravina,
CEO and owner of Ecolife, founder of Free Age Fashion

How is the production cycle organized in the knitwear industry?

There are two types of knitwear factories: those that produce cut knitwear and those that produce knitted fabrics. The production of cut knitwear is also divided into two types - full and partial cycle.

Full-cycle factories produce knitted fabric from severity thread on high-class machines (from 18 to 24, sometimes higher), they are equipped with circular knitting and warp knitting machines, equipment for the smooth surface, various interlock and footer weaves. After grading, the resulting canvas is sent to the finishing shop, where it is bleached, dyed, printed, nailed. After laying, the fabric goes to the cutting shop, then to sewing, and then it goes through the final ironing. Partial-cycle factories producing cut knitwear buy ready-made fabrics needed for a particular order and sew the products.

In the production of knitted knitwear, the technological chain is also quite long, but still radically different. Firstly, such factories are equipped with flat knitting machines: the "lowest" are, as a rule, machines of the 3rd class, and the "highest" ones are of the 18th class. The higher the number, the higher the class of the car, and the thinner it produces. But it should be borne in mind that high-end machines require high-quality yarn, and this affects the price of the resulting product. Accordingly, the more expensive the yarn, the more expensive it is to knit, since high-quality yarn products are produced only in a regular way.

Then knitted coupons / semi-finished products are washed - this is a prerequisite, regardless of the composition of the raw materials and the quality of the processed yarn. After washing, the products undergo a pre-wet heat treatment (WTO) section.

After complete drying and laying, the semi-finished products are cut or trimmed as needed. Next, the prepared cut is sewn off, kettle and pre-marked. After that, the final WTO takes place and the finished models are checked by the quality control section. Products with markings are packed and sent to the finished product warehouse.

What materials are used in the production of knitwear, depending on the season?

The capacities of our enterprise are quite large - about 200,000 items per year. We produce more than half of this circulation for third-party customers, therefore we work with various types of yarn. The main demand for knitted jersey falls on the cold season and, of course, depending on the season, the composition of the yarn changes. In the autumn-winter collections, yarns with a content of wool, mohair, cashmere prevail, for summer ones they often choose viscose, linen, silk. Although now it is not entirely correct to divide the yarn by seasons - especially if we are talking about Petersburg or Moscow. Silk is often used for the winter assortment, and cashmere and merino for the summer one, but this changes the class of machines, model and knitting density.

We mainly work with natural yarns. For mass production, we buy blended and shrink yarns in China - they are cheaper than their Italian counterparts. We prefer to buy cotton in Uzbekistan and there are reasons for this: price, logistics, thread quality. We buy Russian or Belarusian semi-wool for the mass-market collections of our customers. When it comes to small volumes, we work with Italian yarns and Mongolian cashmere - for our own brand Free age Fashion we use only these materials.

What features exist in the design and cut of jerseys?

There are features. To begin with, a designer who works with cut jersey cannot work on a knitted jersey product without special training. When creating a structure, it is important to understand and feel the degree of extensibility of the fabric from which the model will be created, and also to take into account the structure of the weave. The designer must understand what can happen to the canvas during its processing, and anticipate possible deformations throughout the entire technological chain of production. In advance, you need to imagine how to correctly make the gradation, taking into account the pattern and weave of each model, in order to make the work of the desinator as easy as possible.

The construction of designs for cut knitwear is close to garments. There may be darts, undercuts, reliefs, but everywhere there are seams processed with an overlock, which cuts the structure of the knitted fabric. In regular knitwear, all the edges of each piece are knitted clean along the contour of the pattern. Such products are assembled on a kettle, the seams are thin, do not violate the loop structure.

The knitwear designer is a little bit and the knitter-technologist, since when constructing the constructive lines of the armhole, the ridge, the neck, he uses not smooth, but broken lines, along which it will be easier for the desinator to create a program for knitting. The patterns are obtained adapted to the knitting equipment.

What circulations do knitwear manufactures work with?

The most expensive is the product development process. An enterprise with a fleet of machines and staff, designed for mass production, is not interested in orders for five items. The cost of developing one model can start from 15 thousand rubles and go to infinity, depending on the complexity. We work with a circulation of 500-1000 units, from 300 - in the bridge segment. It is extremely rare for us to take on batches of up to 100 pieces, but not in the high season for manufacturers.

How can a designer choose a suitable knitwear production?

It is advisable to choose a production with a full cycle, which includes washing and high-quality wet-heat treatment. There are knitwear factories that work in a semi-regular way: they do not use or use a very small amount of processing of products on kettle machines - this is the most expensive sewing operation on knitted products.

The designer must clearly understand what kind of product he wants to get at the end: in what way and by what technology the models should be made, what quality the canvas should be. Perhaps it should be cut jersey, not knitted. If knitted, then in what way it was obtained - regular or semi-regular. The cost and quality of the product directly depends on this. In the case of knitted products, you also need to understand which class of machines to use for production, and look for a factory with an appropriate fleet of equipment.

Can conventional sewing factories work well with cut knitwear?

I can say with complete confidence - no. Any properly planned production is aimed at a certain produced assortment, to which all equipment is oriented. Therefore, cut knitwear can be produced only by those manufactures that have sewing machines for processing knitwear: overlocks for thin and medium fabrics, lockstitch universal lockstitch machines with a fine comb that does not leave marks and holes on the fabric, two- and three-needle chainstitch coverstitch machines (the so-called cover-ups), machines for punching loops with a corsage thread, high-quality equipment for the implementation of WTO.

To organize any production, you need to carefully analyze several aspects, such as the set of equipment, the number of personnel, the financial side, etc.

The following information will be especially helpful for those who want to organize production outer jersey.

Technology and organization of production

1. Yarn. Traditional for Ukraine is the use of such yarn as:

Nitrona (volume) - usually products made from such yarn are in demand due to their low cost

Acrylic (domestic or Turkish production) - products are slightly more expensive than nitron

Domestic wool semi-wool (30% or 50%) is a traditional raw material for the production of winter knitwear. The most commonly used semi-wool of domestic production.

Other imported types of yarn (semi-wool of Turkish and Italian production) are still little used by regional producers in the production of outer knitwear, mainly due to the higher price.

At present, domestic-made semi-wool has almost approached the price of similar Turkish and Italian yarns, so in the near future we should expect more use of imported yarn in outer knitwear, primarily of Italian production.

2. Equipment. The choice of equipment is associated with the technology used for the production of knitted outerwear.

There are the following types of knitwear production technology:

1) production of knitted outerwear from knitted fabrics (knitted fabrics of our own production or purchased) are used. Circular knitting machines knit a knitted fabric (after cutting a tube-shaped blank, a fabric with a width of 2-2.5 m is obtained), then the resulting fabric is cut into separate parts, which are sewn into a product. In this way, linen jersey, sportswear, as well as outer knitwear with a simple design (turtlenecks, etc.) are most made from the cheapest yarn. The productivity of circular knitting machines is several times higher than that of flat knitting machines: for example, a used circular knitting machine of the 7th class (early 90s) can actually produce about 50 sweaters in 8 hours. The main disadvantage of knitted fabric production technology is a certain percentage of waste during cutting (there are some circular knitting machines (Jumberca) that can knit with a coupon method, which reduces waste). A certain disadvantage is that inexpensive circular knitting machines have a significantly smaller limited set of weaves than flat knitting machines.

The cost of circular knitting machines differs significantly depending on the manufacturer, year of manufacture and capabilities: machines from the 80s can cost several thousand Euros, modern ones (late 90s) - several tens of thousands of Euros.

2) production of knitted outerwear by coupon method. On a flat knitting machine (as a rule, these are electronic machines) a rectangular coupon is knitted (according to the width of the future part), from which a part of the product is cut out. The advantage is the high speed of production (on the same machine by the coupon method, knitting occurs faster than along the contour), the disadvantage is a small percentage of waste during cutting. The coupon method on flat knitting machines can be used to produce products of varying degrees of complexity.

Now used flat knitting machines for knitting only by the coupon method cost (price in Ukraine, taking into account delivery and customs clearance):

Stoll (for example, model ANVH) - from 4000 Euro,

Universal (machines of the 600 series) - from 6000 Euro,

Shima-Seiki (models 202, 214) - from 10,000 Euro

The cost of new flat knitting machines for knitting by the coupon method: Italian manufacturers (Technotex) - from 25,000 Euros (machines that allow knitting in 2 "strands"), Taiwanese manufacturers - from 16,000 dollars. (producer prices Ex-Work).

In the production of knitted outerwear from knitted fabric and the coupon method, as a rule, they cost a minimum of auxiliary equipment - in addition to knitting machines, overlocks and other sewing machines are needed, as well as a cutting knife.

3) production of knitted outerwear with knit along the contour (flat-knitting electronic machines of the next (in relation to coupon machines) generation are used. It differs from the coupon method in that the details of the products are immediately knitted along a given contour, therefore there is no undercut and yarn loss. The number of operations is less than in the previous method, the cost price is also lower.It also allows (if necessary) to manufacture products using the coupon method (this allows you to achieve maximum productivity).

Now used flat knitting machines for contour knitting cost:

Stoll (models CMS 400, 402) - from 23000 Euro,

Universal (models MC 720, 740) - from 16000 Euro,

· Shima-Seiki - from 20,000 Euros (price in Ukraine, including delivery and customs clearance).

The product here meant a sweater, jacket, jacket, etc., when knitting smaller items (hat, scarf), the productivity will be significantly higher, for example, one compact 2-system knitting machine of the 3rd class can produce (at round-the-clock work and knitting along the contour) up to 500 scarves per day.

A typical set of equipment and the number of personnel (based on a mini-factory of 2 compact flat knitting machines) - for the production of knitted outerwear with knitted along the contour:

A) Equipment:

Flat knitting machines - 2 pcs.

· Special computer (for developing mating programs) - 1 pc.

· Netting machines - 2 pcs.

· Equipment for moisture-heat treatment (WTO) - steam table - 1 pc.

· Cutting table - 1 pc.

Overlock - 2-3 pcs.

· Sewing machines (lockstitch, chain stitch) - 2-3 pcs.

B) Personnel:

1) Knitting production:

· Operators of knitting machines - 4 people. (4 shifts, 12 hours each)

· Programmer-assistant - 1 person.

· Mechanic-adjuster - 1 person.

· Technologist - 1 person.

2) Sewing production

· Cheaters - 2 people.

· Cutter - 1 person

The valet - 1 person.

· Seamstresses - 4-6 people.

Production of outer knitwear using knit & wear technology. On a flat knitting machine, the product is knitted completely finished, there is no need to assemble products here (only stripping). Accordingly, there is no undercutting and sewing operations, so the production cost is minimal (since personnel costs are minimal). However, the initial hardware costs are the largest with this technology.

The cost of used flat knitting machines for knit & wear technology - from $ 57,000 - for example, Stoll CMS 340 knit & wear

Currently, the most widespread production of outer knitwear by the coupon method and with the help of knitting along the contour.

There are several types of flat knitting machines:

Compact - with a working width of 120-130 cm (most suitable for knitting small batches of products with frequently changing assortments).

Large - with a working width of 230-244 cm (most suitable for knitting large batches of products with less frequent change of assortment).

There are also machines with intermediate working widths, for example 183 cm or 200 cm.

on one machine, new models are being tested, two other machines are working around the clock at this time. After the completion of the development of new models (usually from 1.5-2 hours. To 1.5 days for one model - depending on the qualifications and complexity of the model), the first machine is also started up for round-the-clock operation.

However, for financial reasons, many domestic manufacturers start with 1-2 knitting machines.

For the production of knitted outerwear, machines are usually used from 3rd to 12th grade (grade is the number of needles per inch) - type grades - 3, 5, 7, 8, 10 and 12.

Class 3 machines are used to make products (hats, scarves, sweaters, sweaters, etc.) from thick yarn (often these products resemble hand-knitted) - thick wool, mohair, fancy yarn.

Class 5 machines are traditionally used for the manufacture of winter products.

Class 7 machines are used to make thinner winter products.

Machines of the 8th class are more often used for the manufacture of products of the spring-autumn assortment.

The machines of the 10th and 12th class are more often used for the manufacture of summer assortment.

The given correspondence of classes and seasons is conditional. For example, for the winter season, woolen turtlenecks are often made on class 10 machines, etc.

The performance of knitting machines is a very conditional value (since it significantly depends on the size of the products, the weaves used and the models of the products):

For example, one compact 2-system knitting machine of the 3rd class can produce (with round-the-clock operation and knitting along the contour) from 1000 to 1200 products of average complexity per month (it is usually believed that on modern knitting machines 1 row is knitted in 1 second ., but with the introduction of complicating elements, the speed of the machine decreases);

when knitting on compact machines of higher classes for the manufacture of products of similar size, it will be necessary to knit a larger number of rows (the higher the class, the more rows will be required), so the productivity will be lower

On large machines, the productivity is significantly higher, for example, on a large 3-system machine of the 5th class (for example, Stoll CMS 430), it is possible to produce from 1800 to 2200 products of average complexity per month (with round-the-clock operation and knitting along the contour), with knitting by the coupon method on the same machine and with simpler products (for example, turtlenecks), up to 3000 products can be produced per month.

Organization of production of socks and tights

Despite some similarities in the production of these two types of products, there are significant differences.

1. Production of socks:

The sock blank is tied (with an open toe)

On special sewing equipment, the toe is sewn

The socks are molded (heat-set) (this is especially important for men's classic socks)

Sewing on labels and packaging

There are 3 types of imported hosiery machines:

1. produced at the end of the 80s (they knit a sock blank without a heel and without closing a toe) - the contract cost is 1.5-2.0 thousand euros (excluding delivery and customs clearance).

2.Modern hosiery machines that knit the sock blank together with the heel (but without closing the toe) are the main machines now for modern hosiery production, they make up the bulk of new machines produced and the bulk of the used machines market.

More detailed characteristics of such machines and their prices can be obtained from our office.

Various equipment can be used to sew up the toe:

With a minimum number of machines (5 pieces), a manual cattel can be used (the cost of a new one is about 7000 Euro). The productivity of one catteller is several hundred pairs per shift.

For higher productivity, for example, ROSSO Smart 025 (10200 Euro) or 025 E Super (12600 Euro) equipment is used. At the same time, 2 such machines (that is, you need 2 people. Personnel) are enough to process 100 thousand pairs per month (this production volume corresponds to about 10 hosiery machines).

Various equipment can also be used for molding:

Manual molding involves the use of manual tabletop equipment that allows you to mold 4-5 socks at a time. The productivity depends only on the productivity of the molder. Such equipment costs about 2,500 Euro.

For 10 and more hosiery machines, it is necessary to use automated equipment (molding occurs in a few seconds per 1 sock, a typical productivity is about 400 pairs per hour). The cost of such equipment (for example, the R / 12 brand) is about 7000 Euro. Two R / 12 (i.e. 2 people are needed) is enough to form 100 thousand pairs per month. For better molding at the same production volume, the 837 / SQ equipment (23,000 Euro) can be used.

Various equipment can be used for sewing on labels and packaging, depending on what type of packaging you want:

Sewing labels on each pair or on a package of 5-10 pairs

Packing each pair in a separate bag

Sewing a separate tag or hook to each pair

Packing 5 or 10 pairs or bandaging 10 pairs per bundle, etc.

Usually, to calculate the main parameters of sock production, you need to determine:

Volume of production

The assortment of socks that you want to produce (cotton, p / w, with a colored pattern, etc.), for men, women, children (as a rule, a separate hosiery machine is required for each type).

2. Production of tights

The technology for the production of thin nylon tights is more complicated and requires more stages than in the production of socks. The technological process includes: knitting of 2 tube-shaped blanks (automatic stocking machines of 30, 32, 34 classes, diameter 4 inches, 400 needles are used), 2 blanks are knitted for about 2 minutes. Then sewing operations, dyeing, molding, packaging are carried out.

The minimum number of machines is 12-15 (with a smaller amount of equipment, efficient loading of the rest of the equipment is not ensured).

The cost of used machines - from 1000 Euro (contract price excluding the cost of delivery and customs clearance) –Matec, Lonati, Sangiacomo.

Used sewing equipment (overlocks, sewing machines with flat seams) costs from 1000 to 4000 Euro.

Used dyeing equipment - from 35000 Euro (for example "GRANDIS")

Used molding equipment - from 4000 Euro (for example, "E.R.M.E.S.T." (www.ermest.com), Cortese,)

Used packaging equipment - 20-25 thousand Euro.

A complete set of second-hand equipment (mini-factory) for the production of about 2 million pairs of tights per year costs from 150 to 200 thousand euros.

A set of second-hand equipment for the production of about 6-7 million pairs per year - about 1.0-1.25 million euros (while a set of new equipment designed for such a capacity costs at least 2 million euros).

Modern machines allow you to produce any assortment of tights: traditional nylon, elastic with lycra, mesh, colored, with various patterns, etc.

It is also possible to produce medical pantyhose (compression, shaping, etc.), for this, machines with some additional capabilities are used (for example BUSI IDEA Medical, Santoni Pendolina Medical, H. LUCAS, MERZ).

Auxiliary equipment

In addition to the knitting machines themselves, to organize the minimum production, auxiliary equipment is needed:

Overlock - usually several pieces. (the quantity depends on the number of knitting machines and the production volume)

Sewing equipment (lockstitch machine) - usually several pieces.

Kettle machine

Equipment for moisture-heat treatment (usually an industrial installation for molding products, but novice manufacturers sometimes get by with heating elements). One industrial machine usually replaces several female workers (usually 5-6 female workers)

Sewing on labels and packaging

The packaging equipment used depends significantly on the chosen packaging option:

5 pairs in a bundle with a tug of a ribbon

With packing in a separate bag

With sewing on a plastic hook, etc.

Minimum options for organizing hosiery production

1) 2 hosiery machines + overlock + heating elements + packing in packs manually - used as an initial option to "try" (productivity up to 20,000 pairs per month - with round-the-clock operation of machines, the rest of the operations are done during the day shift)

2) 5 hosiery machines + used Rosso 011 (or new or used Smart 025) + new (or used R / 12) + packaging equipment - a good initial option (productivity up to 50,000 pairs per month - with round-the-clock work of machines, the rest of the operations are done on the day shift)

3) 10 automatic stocking machines + 2 pcs. Smart 025 (or 025 E Super) + 2pcs. R / 12 (or 837 / SQ or 843 / Steam) + packaging equipment is already a serious small production (productivity up to 100,000 pairs per month - with the machines operating around the clock, the rest of the operations are done during the day shift.

Work should be profitable and enjoyable at the same time. Therefore, if knitting is a favorite hobby, then why not organize a good business. As a direction of activity, you can choose the creation of headers. But, it is profitable not to be engaged in consumer goods, but in the manufacture of products from wool, cashmere, merino wool, but not from acrylic.

High-quality yarns not only provide an attractive appearance to the product, but also guarantee uniqueness, a long wearing period with proper care. After all, everyone wants to be different and somehow stand out from the crowd. An accessory such as a hat made of reliable materials will look good and attract the attention of others.

Premises for work.

It is necessary to rent premises, which will become not so much a place for organizing the work of workers as an exhibition center. An excellent marketing ploy when a store is rented with knitted hats for sale. At the same time, the work of knitters is going on. Focusing on the next direction, it is necessary to rent about 20-30 square meters of area.

Such a store can be rented both on the territory of a shopping center, and can be rented as a separate room. But, transparent windows of a rented point in a large shopping center will initially attract the attention of passers-by, and a large traffic will provide a high level of potential customers. It is important to have communications in order to create the right lighting for both the attraction of goods and the work of knitters.

The store must meet both sanitary standards and fire safety rules. The rental price will be about $ 500, but the price can vary greatly depending on the size of the city, traffic and location of the shopping center.

Tools for the job.

The following tools are required to perform the various knitting techniques:

1. Knitting needles (sets of 2-5 units, which differ in both thickness and material of manufacture) - from $ 5 per set;
2. Circular knitting needles of different thickness - from $ 3;
3. Curved needles - $ 6;
4. Hooks of different thickness (play an auxiliary and main role) from 1 to 5 $;
5. Sets of pins - $ 1.2;
6. Tapestry needles - from $ 2;
7. Devices for making pompons - from $ 3;
8. Markers - from $ 2.5 per set;
9. Row counters - from $ 1;
10. Device for weaving cords - from $ 1.5;
11. Device for making flowers - about $ 5;
12. Rings - from $ 0.5;
13. Separator of threads - $ 1.5.

When purchasing the entire set of knitting tools, you will need to invest at least $ 300. It is worth noting that in the future it will be possible to buy a knitting machine, but this one will be more useful for creating other accessories and things.

Yarn for knitting.

For the manufacture of warm hats, it is best to use wool, which is now presented in a wide range from domestic and foreign manufacturers. Merino wool has impeccable characteristics and, despite the small thickness of the yarn, can be used even in severe frosts.

Alpaca hats are very pleasant to the body, in addition they are hypoallergenic. Warm alpaca wool hats are best for children. Cashmere yarn has a pleasant texture and attractive appearance. Mohair is a traditional yarn for making hats. Lightweight and beautiful products effectively protect the head on the coldest day.

It is better to buy from one trusted and reliable supplier. A wholesale lot will allow you to get a discount and save on shipping. In total, it is necessary to allocate about $ 1.5 thousand for yarn. Indeed, the above types of knitting threads have a high cost, but they have better characteristics.

Staff.

To work, you need a team of 2-3 knitters and 1 fashion designer. The main work will be done by knitters - the creation of hats, the fashion designer will be engaged in the design of new models. It is important that staff have at least some confirmation of completion of courses or special education. You also need 2 sellers. Women with experience and knowledge of the characteristics of materials. The salary will be divided into basic and bonus. The second part will depend on the quality and quantity of created products, sales success.

In total, you need to count on $ 2 thousand.

It is worth starting your marketing activities by creating a website and promoting it. You can start with a page website and then transform it into an online store. Also, a bright store signboard, a decorated showcase, signs in a shopping center, signboards and outdoor advertising will look like advertising. It is worth renting an advertising space in fashion or knitting magazines. In total, about $ 400 is allocated for marketing to get started. Later, you can hold promotions, make discount offers, create a discount system for customers.

Basic costs.

The list of the main costs for the creation and development of a business will include:

1. Rent of premises - $ 500;
2. Tools - $ 300;
3. Purchase of yarn - $ 1.5 thousand;
4. Personnel - $ 2 thousand;
5. Advertising - $ 400.

The total cost of the start-up capital is about $ 5 thousand.

Profit and return on investment.

The cost of one product will depend on the quality and type of the knitted hat. So, a simple knit product made of high-quality mohair will cost about $ 80 on average. A cap with an intricate one will cost about $ 140. As a result, business profitability reaches 30%. One knitter can create about 10 hats a month. Thus, with a 100% sale, you can reach a net profit of about $ 3-4 thousand. The payback period will take 6-18 months.

Clients and development options.

Clients are people who want to be unique and wear quality things: women, men with above average income. Development options vary. It is logical to create scarves for hats and mittens. You can also switch to sweaters and dresses.

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