16 megapixel resolution. Megapixel - what is it and how many should there be? Is it worth changing the old camera for the same in terms of functions, but "more megapixel?"

Concrete 12.12.2021
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If a 100MP DSLR was announced tomorrow, I would definitely pre-order it and then spend many sleepless nights waiting for it to arrive. I would have nightmares where the monsters at Imatest would throw the Zeiss Otus to hell and laugh at this lens for its feeble attempt to match the high resolution of my new camera. But from the moment I received this coveted camera, things would get even worse. I would have to mortgage my house in order to be able to buy a new supercomputer capable of processing images from this camera. I would roam the rooms of my house, the walls of which would be hung with huge printouts of lens performance ratings, dreaming of a car with a hefty trunk in which I could cram all the CF cards I need to shoot throughout the day.

But it shouldn't be. Even if they tossed the Lincoln Monument into the middle of Yosemite Valley, I could easily take a great landscape photo with a 12-16 megapixel camera and not notice any difference between it and my 100 megapixel Dream Machine. Why am I so sure of this?

Here's proof for you:

I took these two almost identical photos of trees with different cameras. One shot was taken with a heavenly system: a 36-megapixel full-frame camera Nikon D810 with lens Zeiss Distagon T * 35mm f/ 2 ZF.2. The other is the brainchild of a duo from hell: a 16-megapixel DX camera in sinful union with a super zoom lens Nikkor 18-300mm(this is perhaps the worst of the lenses that have ever fallen into my hands).

All the magazine spreads that amazed us with their quality 5 years ago were probably shot with 8-12-megapixel cameras. And they look just as good as the modern ones!

It's all about the concept of "normal viewing distance". We see pictures on our phone closer than we see pictures on the pages of a magazine. Large-format prints of photographs in the galleries, we sometimes see across the room. And advertising billboards - from a distance of several meters.

So, don't give your image a higher pixel density than is required to print it. This is why billboards are printed at a pixel density of around 10 ppi. From the distance from which we usually see them, we will not notice the difference between the density of 10 ppi and 1000 ppi.

A 16-megapixel image printed at 10 ppi will be about 12.5 meters wide. Only one photo of me was printed on an advertising billboard - I took it on an 8-megapixel soap dish - and you know, at a speed of 60 km / h, the image on the billboard looked just perfect!

Although the resolution of cameras has grown rapidly in the last decade, the resolution of the human eye has remained unchanged. Unless you're a cropaholic, a medical examiner, or a specialist who has to work with overly demanding clients, then any camera with more than 16MP on board is essentially overkill. With the exception of one of the two shots at the beginning of the article (honestly, I can't tell which one), all the other photos were taken with a 16-megapixel DSLR camera.

I hope this article will help you save a lot of money. When it comes to sharp photos, you don't have to go out of your way to invest the last of your money in a high resolution camera or super fancy lens because your eyes and the eyes of the audience will never be able to tell the difference. So, we pass by the attempts of marketers and quietly laugh at the freaks with 50-megapixel cameras and 5K monitors.

By the way, you can take the money you just saved thanks to this article, go to my website and buy one of the photos you like. God knows what I could do with your money. But how else can I recoup the cost of what I recently bought Nikon D810?

And what resolution of the camera sensor is enough for you? Share your opinion in the comments.

All content: John Sherman

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Relevance: 2016

Since the advent of digital photographic equipment, a kind of "megapixel race" has been going on between different manufacturers, when a new camera model invariably receives a matrix of ever greater resolution. The pace of this race changes from year to year - for quite a long time the "vertical" limit for cropped DSLRs was 16-18 megapixels, but then once again some innovations were introduced into production and the resolution of cropped cameras is approaching 25 megapixels.

To begin with, let's remember that pixel- this is a basic element, a point, one of those from which a digital image is formed. This element is discrete and indivisible - there are no such concepts as "millipixel" or 0.5 pixels :) But there is a concept megapixel, which is understood as an array of pixels in the amount of 1,000,000 pieces. For example, an image of 1000*1000 pixels has a resolution of exactly 1 megapixel. The resolution of the matrices of most cameras has long exceeded the mark of 15 megapixels. What did it give? When the resolution of digital cameras was 2-3 megapixels, every extra megapixel was a real advantage. Now we are witnessing a paradoxical situation - the declared resolution of matrices of amateur DSLRs has become such that it makes it possible to make prints of acceptable quality in almost A1 format! While most amateur photographers rarely print photos larger than 20 by 30 cm, 3-4 megapixels is enough for this.

Is it worth changing the old camera for the same in terms of functions, but "more megapixel?"

Let's take two cameras as an example - a "simple" amateur Canon EOS 1100D and an "advanced" Canon EOS 700D. The first has a matrix resolution of "only" 12 megapixels, the second has "whole" 18 megapixels. The difference is 1.5 times. The first thought that many amateur photographers have is something like this - "Changing 1100D to 700D, I will get 1.5 times better detail! Now absolutely all the nuances will be visible in the photographs - I missed this so much with my old camera!". This setting is actively supported by advertisers. The amateur photographer, having convinced himself that he absolutely needs a new camera, breaks the piggy bank and goes to the store.

And let's take a calculator and calculate what the real increase in photo resolution will be when moving from 12 to 18 megapixels. The 18-megapixel sensor of the same 700D gives an image width of 5184 pixels, while the maximum image width of the 12-megapixel 1100D is 4272 pixels (data taken from specifications camera). Divide 5184 by 4272 and get a difference of only 21%. That is, with an increase in the resolution of the matrix by 1.5 times, the photograph increases in size by only 1.21 times. If you depict this graphically, you get such a comparison.

The difference is surprisingly small! It turns out that the differences between 12 and 18 megapixels are not so significant. Conclusion - rumors about the significance of the increase in megapixels are greatly exaggerated. Going from a 12- to 18-megapixel device (or from 18- to 24-megapixel) just in the hope of getting a significant increase in detail in photos is falling for the bait of marketers.

The growth of megapixels in some cases reduces sharpness even when using good optics!

It would seem - it generally looks like nonsense! However, let's not rush to conclusions... It is logical that with the growth of megapixels while maintaining the size of the sensor, the area of ​​each individual pixel decreases. You may know that a decrease in the area of ​​a pixel leads to a decrease in its real sensitivity, and, consequently, to an increase in the level of noise (purely theoretically). However, due to the constant improvement of signal processing technologies and algorithms, new matrices, even despite a noticeable decrease in pixel area, have a very low noise level. But danger may lurk from a completely different direction...

I have already talked about things like diffraction. Without going into details, let me remind you that this is the property of a wave to go around an obstacle, slightly changing direction. When a beam of light passes through a narrow hole, this beam tends to be sprayed, as it were, like a spray (may physicists forgive me for such a comparison :)

In our case, the aperture (diaphragm hole) acts as a hole. The more the diaphragm is clamped, the more the spray is "sprayed" at a greater angle. As a result, a "perfectly clear" point after passing through the aperture turns into a blurry spot. The smaller the aperture diameter, the stronger this blur. And now let's add a small piece of a matrix with pixels to this picture and try to imagine approximately what this "perfectly clear" point will look like in the photo...

Naturally, the illustrations given do not claim to be absolute accuracy, many nuances are not taken into account - at least the fact that when forming an image, neighboring pixels are interpolated and much more. The bottom line is to show that as the pixel area decreases, the working range of aperture numbers decreases. If the matrix has a very high resolution, do not clamp the lens aperture too much, as this will lead to the appearance of diffraction blur. Matrices with a small number of megapixels allow you to clamp the aperture almost to f / 22 and there is no particular blurring.

Bought a modern carcass? Take care of good optics!

The resolution of the matrices of most modern amateur cameras with interchangeable lenses is between 16 and 24 megapixels. Over time, this range will inevitably shift towards larger values. As a rule, at the same time, the optics that come with the camera are also improved. Although modern whale lenses have significantly improved in quality, they are still "compromise" options. They are most often not capable of drawing a picture in all the nuances for capturing on a 24-megapixel matrix (or they are capable, but in a very narrow range of settings, for example, only in the range of 28-35 mm at aperture 8). If you are looking for an uncompromising option, you will need high-quality and, accordingly, expensive optics. The cost of a lens that is similar to a whale lens in functionality, but has a better resolution, is several times higher than the cost of a whale lens:

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By the way, it is not a fact that the "advanced" version will be guaranteed to "draw" the picture - perhaps the lens was designed at a time when they did not know about matrices with such resolutions. For the same reason, it is not recommended to use kit lenses from very old cameras. I had the experience of using an old kit lens from Canon EOS 300D (6 megapixels) on a 550D (18 megapixels) - once I took it from a friend to play in the evening. The old 18-55 did not shine with picture quality at 300D, but at 550D it just killed on the spot! It seems that there was no sharpness anywhere.

By the way...

Fixes(i.e. prime lenses) are a great alternative to budget zooms. They will come in very handy if the kit lens does not provide the desired detail, but there is no extra $ 1000-1500 to buy a "cool" lens. The most popular fixes are "fifty kopecks" (50 mm), or rather their younger versions with f / 1.8 aperture. At a cost comparable to a whale lens, they significantly outperform it in image quality, but have less versatility - you have to pay for everything.

Pocket soap box with 20 megapixels - insanity over the edge!

Sadly, there will soon be no other choice. Most compact cameras have a 1 / 2.3 "matrix, that is, approximately 6 * 4.5 mm - 4 times smaller than that of a "cropped" camera and 6 times smaller than that of a full-frame camera. The resolution is, as a rule, no less 20 megapixels It's not hard to imagine how ridiculously small each pixel is. The miniature soap lens has a very small aperture size, which increases diffraction blur. As a result, the picture looks very "soft" when viewed at 100% scale.

On the left - 100% crop made by a 16-megapixel Sony TX10 soap dish with a 1/2.3" matrix. On the right, for comparison - a similar view taken on a DSLR. Please note that the picture of the soap dish looks very dirty - there is no real detail, there is only software an attempt to polish the outlines. And this is in the center of the frame! At the edges of the frame, the detail is reduced even more and often looks like a misunderstanding:

And so removes the majority of modern compact soap dishes. For example, here, which shows 100% crops from the Panasonic DMC-SZ1 camera (toward the end of the article). The question is - why put matrices with such a high resolution in such devices? These megapixels have no practical value, but from the point of view of marketing it sounds very convincing - in a matchbox-sized camera there are as many as 20 megapixels.

So how many megapixels should a camera have?

We return to the main issue to which the article is devoted. It all depends on the type of camera, the size of the matrix and the capabilities of the optics. Personally, I think a reasonable number of megapixels is:

  • For devices with interchangeable lenses with a kit lens - about 12 megapixels. With a higher resolution of the matrix, the "working" range of focal lengths and apertures narrows. If you want to get the most detailed image - try not to shoot at the "extreme" focal lengths, set the aperture to 8.
  • For devices with interchangeable lenses with fixes or professional zooms, there is no such explicit limitation, the main thing is that the lens can draw all these megapixels. The absence of a low-pass filter gives a certain advantage, but there are a number of disadvantages - we'll talk about them a little lower. and even with the growth of megapixels, the maximum "working" f-number decreases. Try not to shoot in normal conditions with an aperture of more than 11-13 - you will notice a decrease in sharpness due to diffraction blur.
  • For soap dishes with a matrix of 1 / 1.7 "and less, a reasonable limit is 10-12 megapixels. Anything more is a marketing ploy that has nothing to do with detailing.

What characteristics of the matrix are more important than the number of megapixels?

First, the physical size of the matrix. As already mentioned above, 20 megapixels on a 1 / 2.3 "matrix and 20 megapixels APS-C or FF are completely different things. Large sensors always provide better color reproduction, a wider dynamic range and richer hues than smaller ones.

Secondly, the structure of the matrix plays a role. The vast majority of modern cameras have a "Baer" matrix with a smoothing low-frequency filter. One image pixel is formed by interpolating a group of 2*2 matrix pixels (2 green, 1 red, 1 blue). The low-pass filter "blurs" the picture a little, but prevents moire from appearing on objects with a regular repeating pattern (for example, fabric). Recently, there has been a tendency to abandon the low-pass filter in Bayer matrices. Moiré is suppressed by the firmware of the camera.

It is also worth noting the X-Trans matrices (used in Fujifilm cameras), which, compared to the "baer", have a more "chaotic" arrangement of RGB color sensors, they use groups of 6 * 6 matrix pixels for interpolation - this eliminates the formation of moiré and allows you to do without a low-pass filter, which, as mentioned above, improves image detail.

In the end, the novelty of technology and its class play a role. No matter how perfect the camera's matrix is, the processor and in-camera software that processes the signal received from the matrix play an equally important role. As a rule, expensive high-end equipment with the same filling (matrix-processor) as amateur cameras gives best quality pictures - a little more dynamic range, a little more working ISO. The manufacturer does not disclose the reasons for these differences, but it is easy to guess that the main reason is the in-camera software. It often happens that the younger and older models have the same matrices, but the picture quality is different. This is explained by the fact that for cheap models, signal processing is carried out according to a more truncated algorithm, so they lose out to older models in picture quality. But this loss is really noticeable only in difficult lighting conditions, for example, when shooting at ultra-high ISO.

A 16-megapixel camera in a smartphone sounds great, but an 8-megapixel one often takes better pictures. Technology allowed companies last year to equip all their flagships with stronger cameras, but for some reason this did not happen. Samsung Galaxy S3, HTC Droid DNA, BlackBerry Z10 and iPhone 5, all the gadgets settled down on a cozy bar of eight megapixels.

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The image quality of these smartphones is very high, and much better than some devices with a large number of pixels. What's the matter? Let's figure it out.
Megapixels are not a guarantee of the quality of your photos, this is the first thing to understand. The formula for getting fantastic shots is much more complicated. This includes the weight of the camera module, lens material, ambient light sensor, image processing hardware, software that ties all the components together, and more. If you can add something else to this list, then most likely the article is not for you. Well, newbies are welcome.

Sensor

Most beginner and professional photographers will tell you that the most important element in an optical system is the sensor that reflects the light. No light, no photo.

Light enters through the camera lens, the sensor receives information and translates it into an electronic signal. The image processor takes the signal and creates an image that is by no means final. All photographic imperfections, such as noise, are visible here. Therefore, the size of the image capture sensor is extremely important. In plain language, the larger the sensor, the more pixels, and the more pixels, the more light you can get.

Many experts like to draw a rather colorful analogy of the relationship between pixels and sensors with “buckets of water”.
Imagine you have buckets (pixels) placed on asphalt (sensor). You want to collect as much water as possible in these buckets, as much as possible. It turns out that the more buckets (pixels) you can put on the asphalt (sensor), the more water (light) will get into them.

As you may have already noticed, increasing the number of pixels installed on a limited sensor does not improve the quality of photos. It is necessary to increase the sensor itself, which will have a bad effect on ergonomics mobile phones and, of course, the cost increase.

The relationship between the number of pixels and the physical size of the sensor is exactly why some 8-megapixel cameras can outperform 12-, 13-, or even 16-megapixel counterparts.

Unfortunately, most camera manufacturers do not disclose full list characteristics of their devices, and even more so do not indicate such “little things” as the width of the sensor. And think, even if they did, how many users understood these obscure terms?

Image processing

The image processor is equally important for creating high-quality photographs. Most modern smartphones have a graphics processor that handles all the multimedia tasks of the device. Whether it's photos, videos, and even games, processing is done without the load of the central processor, which significantly affects the performance of the smartphone.

The image processor helps to achieve (or at least approach it) zero delay between the shutter and the capture of the resulting image. At last year's Mobile World, company HTC advertised the latest discrete image processor for the phone family HTC One , entitled ImageChip. The processor could process photos at the highest speed, the delay between shots was only 0.7 seconds!

Also, do not forget about the graphical functions of the device. The algorithms embedded in the processor create the final look of the image on the phone screen. Color definitions, photo clarity, noise reduction - all this happens at this stage.

Increasingly, some phone manufacturers such as HTC and Samsung are including extra features in their expensive phones, such as detecting people's smiles and faces. All this is also the work of the electronics placed in our smartphones.

What is the result?

But back to our pixels. At present, users pay more attention to the convenience and speed of shooting. Quickly getting a smartphone armed with a really high-quality camera out of your pocket and taking a picture worthy of your home collection becomes a more pleasant procedure than waiting for the fancy “DSLR” to turn on. Yes, and carrying your phone is much easier and more convenient.

Do not chase the number of megapixels on smartphones. Having studied all the ins and outs and dealt with all the subtleties, you can choose a really good option.

Do you want to order a stylish and inexpensive smartphone with a 16 megapixel camera without extra extra charges? You can do this in IM SotovikCity - delivery on the day of the order is guaranteed. Affordable prices, manufacturer's warranty and other benefits of buying in a good salon.

Why do you need a phone with a powerful camera?

Carrying a photo or video camera with you is not always convenient, it takes up space and requires careful handling. It is much easier to take your usual device with a good camera with you. It is considered as such provided a large number pixels - 16 megapixels corresponds to a professional camera. To print high-quality images 10x15, 2 megapixels are enough, 20x30 and more - 5 megapixels. But there are other significant features as well.

  • Matrix size. With the same pixel value, the pictures on the matrix bigger size get clearer and more contrast.
  • ISO (aperture speed) is responsible for the quality of shooting in low light conditions. In a smartphone, the settings for this setting are adjusted automatically according to the environment.
  • Diaphragm. For a smartphone, a value of f / 2.2 is considered sufficient.
  • Optical stabilization. In modern models, it is determined by a gyroscope that controls the vibrations of the matrix.
  • Video format. If you do not plan to show videos on the big screen, then 30 frames / s is enough.
  • Flash. LED works stably and does not drain the battery.
  • dynamic range. Responsible for color accuracy. The wider the DD, the more accurate the shots.
  • Memory size. Taken pictures and videos should be stored in the phone for at least some time before being transferred to another medium. The larger the memory, the more relaxed you can shoot without worrying that something will not be saved or there will not be enough space.

Where to buy a smartphone with a 16-megapixel camera?

It is profitable to buy a multifunctional gadget - for communication and active shooting - our website offers. Xiaomi Mi Max or Mi5 is in no way inferior to the status Lenovo Vibe Shot in terms of shooting quality. Prices - from 12,500 to 15,300 rubles. The difference is mainly due to the amount of internal memory - 32 or 64 GB. In the rest, the purely marketing policy of the brand plays a role. Models of both brands will work equally stable both in communication mode and shooting. From inexpensive smartphones with a 16 megapixel camera, you can safely choose the cheapest option. Delivery of any order within a day is guaranteed.

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