The Bulgarian town of Rus. Ruse: entertainment and active recreation. In which community is the city of Ruse

The city is located on the right bank of the Danube and is the largest Bulgarian port on this river.

History

Sexaginta Prista - Roman inscription

On the territory of the modern city of Ruse, the first settlement was founded about 5000 years ago. It was built by Emperor Vespasian in the 1st century. n. e. Fortress and port of Sexaginta Prista (capable of receiving up to 60 ships). The fortress was located on the main road from Belgrade (Singidium) to the Danube Delta and the Black Sea. In 250, the Goths destroyed it, but at the end of the 3rd century the Romans rebuilt it. In the 4th century it was destroyed again (this time - by the Getae, advancing from the north, from the north). In the IX-X centuries. the Bulgarians built a fortress on the ruins and named it Ruse. In the XIII-XIV centuries. the city was also called Gyurgovo or Yorgovo in honor of St. George the Victorious. In the era of the Ottoman yoke, the name "Ruschuk" (Bulgarian. Ruschuk) arose, used in parallel with the name "Ruse".

During the Russian-Turkish wars during the reign of Emperor Alexander I, clashes between Russian and Ottoman troops took place here, and in 1810 the Ruschuk fortress was surrendered to Russian troops along with neighboring Zhurzha. In 1811, battles of the Russian-Turkish war were again fought in the vicinity of the city. During the Russian-Turkish War of 1828-29. and in the Crimean (Eastern) War of 1853-56. near Ruschuk (due to its location) many military actions took place.

• In 1836 Ruschuk was elected center by the Turks Danube Vilayetstretching from Varna and Tulcha to Sofia and Nis. Shipbuilding began to develop in Ruschuk. In the Danube Vilayet, Midhat Pasha, who dreamed of modernizing the Ottoman Empire, began his economic experiments.
• In 1849 the Austro-Hungarian consulate was opened in Ruschuk.
• In 1853 consulates of Russia, Great Britain, Italy and Prussia were opened in Ruschuk.

In the Crimean War, on June 25 (July 7), Omer Pasha's troops (over 30 thousand) concentrated in Ruschuk, who crossed the Danube and, after a battle with a small Russian detachment that stubbornly defended the island of Ramadan on the Danube, captured Dzhurdzhev, losing up to 5 thousand askers.

• In 1864 the first modern printing house in the Bulgarian lands was opened in Ruschuk.

• In 1864 consulates of France, Belgium and Holland were opened in Ruschuk. Later, the consulates of Romania, Spain and Greece also appeared in the city.
• In 1865 Ruschuk streets were the first in Bulgaria to receive names.
• In 1866 the first telegraph line in Bulgaria connected Varna and Ruschuk.
• In 1867, the first railway in Bulgaria was completed. D. line Ruschuk-Varna. Soon a railway repair enterprise "Traktsia" appeared in the city.
• In 1870, the country's first exhibition of local industry and agriculture was held in Ruschuk, and the first Alcoholic Beverage Factory for G. Petru began its work.

Economically developed Ruschuk became one of the largest centers of the Bulgarian revival. There was a Ruse Revolutionary Committee working for the Bulgarian national liberation. The names of Baba Tonka, Nikola Obretenov, Angel Kynchev, Zakhary Stoyanov, Georgy Ikonomov, Illarion Dragostinov, etc. are firmly associated with this city.

In the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-78. Bishop Clement (Drumev) saved the town of Ruschuk from destruction, and the Bulgarian population from slaughter. On February 20, 1878, General Edward Totleben freed Ruschuk from the Ottoman yoke. At the same time, outside the city, the only official Bulgarian name Ruse was recognized. Russian batteries from Ruschuk and Zhurzha, armed with siege weapons, prevented enemy warships from going up the Danube.

Political situation

Kmet (mayor) of the Ruse community - Bozhidar Ivanov Yotov (initiative committee) based on the results of elections to the community board.

Geography and architecture

The geographical position of Ruse contributes to its rapid economic growth and the growth of its role in the political life of the country. During the Turkish rule, it becomes one of the most developed cities and serves as a strategic base on the Danube. The city received a large Jewish community expelled from Spain at the end of the 15th century.

After the liberation of Bulgaria from the Turkish yoke and the country's independence, Ruse remained a border town in the north of the country and a port city, thanks to which other parts of the Danube regions of Bulgaria were supplied. It was then that many beautiful buildings were built in Ruse, most of which have survived to this day.

Today the city, located on the hills, is primarily one of the largest port cities in Bulgaria. The giant bridge over the Danube provides communication with Romania, the border with which runs along this bridge. The ethnic composition of the population living in Ruse is very diverse: there are a lot of Roma, who in Ruse have adapted better than in other cities in Bulgaria [ source not specified 2252 days]. The architectural, historical and administrative center of the city is the main city square and the entire city center - lively, modern, with beautiful architectural structures. In addition, there are historical monuments within the city.

Ruins of the ancient fortress Sexaginta Prista, built by the Romans in the 1st century. n. e. Tombstones and other structures, inscriptions have been preserved here. The fortress was destroyed by the Goths in the 7th century.

In the Pantheon building to the east of the city center are buried local revolutionaries who are considered heroes of the Bulgarian people: Lyuben Karavelov, Zakhari Stoyanov, Baba Tonka Obretenova, Angel Kanchev, Stefan Karadzha, Panayot Hitov.

The Art Gallery has a collection of works by local artists.

In the youth park, 50 m from the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in 1837, in honor of the visit to the city by Sultan Mahmud, a marble column was installed - "Tsar's Stone" (bul. Tsarev kamak).

Profitable building (bulg. Income building) is a large theater building that symbolizes the period of the Bulgarian Renaissance (Bulgarian. Vazrazhdane). It was built in the neoclassical and baroque styles.

Cathedral of St. Paul of the Cross (bulg. Catedral temple "Sveti Pavel from Krust") is a Catholic church located near the banks of the Danube. Built in 1890-1892 in the neo-gothic style designed by the Italian architect Valentino del Antonio. The cathedral houses the first organ in Bulgaria, built in 1907.

Monument to freedom (bulg. The sweeper is free) presents an impressive creation by the Italian sculptor Arnoldo Tsoki of the early 20th century The monument is located in the city center.

Kuntukapia bridge... It stands in the south of the city center. The bridge is all that remains of the Turkish fortress, which was located near the modern railway station.

In the vicinity of Ruse, there is the Rusenski Lom National Park. This park, stretching over 3,260 hectares, is located 20 km south of the city. The reserve park contains rare birds. You can watch them, as well as visit the caves formed as a result of natural conditions. There are monasteries in the same park. Every year in September, exhibitions of the so-called natural art are organized.

Ruse is one of the largest cities in Bulgaria with a population of about 160 thousand inhabitants, or rather the fifth: it is inferior to the capital, the Black Sea Varna and Burgas and the foothills of Plovdiv. And he is a lot more "one of Bulgaria": one of the oldest, one of the most beautiful, one of the actively developing and so on. But behind these places in the lists it is easy to miss its peculiarities and originality, which is also enough in Ruse - the city is definitely interesting.

The history of Ruse began at the turn of the eras and goes back about two millennia. Naturally, for so many centuries the city has experienced both prosperity and decline, it has changed its name and citizenship more than once.

Today Ruse is the largest Bulgarian city on the Danube River. The Danube is a huge part of the history, culture and economy of the city. Initially, the settlement arose precisely as a fortress and a pier, as evidenced by the name Sexagint - "Pier for 60 ships". Since then, a lot of water has flowed under the bridge, literally right there, along the Danube, on the other side of which there is already another country - Romania. A large railway and road bridge connects the two countries and acts as a checkpoint. The bridges here are designed so as not to interfere with navigation and are either initially located high above the water, or equipped with special lifting structures for ships to pass under them.

The border position, the river and other factors contributed to the transformation of Ruse into an important transport hub and one of the industrial centers of the country. By the way, it was in Rousse (and from Rousse) that the first branch of the Bulgarian railway and a railway station were built. You can learn about this area of \u200b\u200bthe city's development by visiting a small but interesting railway museum, which is located near the Danube, on the site of the old station.

Naturally, the Railway Museum is not the only attraction; rather, on the contrary, it is one of many. Ruse has large and beautiful parks, a newly rebuilt embankment and large pedestrian zones, beautiful architecture, museums, temples, theaters and sports halls. By the way, sport is well developed in Ruse both at the youth and amateur level, as well as professional. Local football, basketball, volleyball, boxing, gymnastics, athletics, water sports and other areas are widely represented in the Bulgarian arena. But the latter is rather joyful, for local residents, and guests are interested in taking a walk and seeing. And there is something to see in the city.

The city center, built radially, now almost entirely turned into a pedestrian zone, consists of beautiful buildings, most of which date back to the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries and are either preserved or restored and adorn the urban ensemble. Small parks, fountains, benches, cafes and restaurants contribute to a good experience and a leisurely walk among this beauty. Leaving complimentary reviews about the architecture of the city, experts compare it to Vienna ("Little Vienna"), noting the strong influence of Austria on the culture of Ruse.

Important sights are the Liberation Monument, the Pantheon of the Renaissance, the Ecomuseum, the Regional History Museum, the Church of the Holy Trinity and almost the entire old city center.

Those who have walked and gained impressions of the city can go to the pier and take advantage of one of the offers to ride a pleasure boat on the Danube. The pier receives ships from different countries, people come here from the very sources of the Danube. You can often hear German speech in the city - the river cruise on the Danube is popular with Germans and Austrians.

On the banks of the Danube there are many places for picnics and spending time by the water, hotels and recreation centers. In addition, Ruse is the venue for various traditional festivals and events. For example, the annual sand figure building festival on the local beach is very popular. Famous music festivals of various styles are also held here.

Ruse is an interesting and memorable city with its own special look.

On the territory of the modern city of Rousse, the first settlement was founded 5000 years ago. Built by Emperor Vespasian in the 1st century. AD here is the fortress and port of Sek-saginta Prista. The fortress was located on the main road from Belgrade to the Danube Delta and the Black Sea. In 250, the Goths destroyed it, and at the end of the 3rd century. the Romans restored it. In the IV century. it was destroyed again (this time by barbarian tribes advancing from the north). In the IX-X centuries. the Bulgarians erected a fortress on the ruins and named it Ruse - after the patroness of young warriors.

The geographical position of Ruse contributes to its rapid economic and political growth in the life of the country, it becomes one of the most developed cities during the Turkish rule and serves as a strategic base on the Danube. The city hosted a large Jewish community expelled from Spain at the end of the 15th century.

After the liberation of Bulgaria and the country's independence, Ruse remained a border town in the north of the country and a port city, thanks to which other parts of the Danube region of Bulgaria were supplied. It was then that many beautiful buildings were built in Ruse, most of which have survived to this day.

Today this hillside town is primarily one of the largest port cities in Bulgaria. The giant bridge over the Danube provides communication with Romania, the border with which runs along this bridge. The ethnic composition of the population living in Ruse is very diverse: there are a lot of Roma, who in Ruse have adapted better than in other cities in Bulgaria. The architectural, historical and administrative center of the city is the main city square and the entire city center - lively, modern, with beautiful architectural structures. In addition, there are historical monuments within the city.

Ruins of the ancient fortress Sexaginta Prista, built by the Romans in the 1st century. AD Tombstones and other structures have been preserved here, there are interesting inscriptions. The fortress was destroyed by the Goths in the 7th century.

In the building of the Pantheon, which is located east of the city center, with a golden dome are buried all the local revolutionaries who are considered the real heroes of the Bulgarian people: Karavelov, Stoyanov, Baba Tonka, Kanchev, Karadzha, Hitov.

The Art Gallery has an excellent collection of works by local artists. A great opportunity to discover new talent.

In the youth park, 50 meters from the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in 1837, in honor of the visit to the city by Sultan Mahmud, a marble column, "THE KING'S STONE" (TSAREV KAMAK), was installed.

CHURCH OF ST. PAVLA (TSRKVA SVETI PAVEL) is located next to the Danube River. Catholic church, which houses the first Bulgarian organ, made in 1907. The church was built in 1890 in the neoclassical style by the Italian architect Valentine

BRIDGE CYUNTUKAPIA. It stands in the south of the city center. The bridge is all that remains of the Turkish fortress, which was located near the railway station.

In the vicinity of Rousse there is the Rusenski Lom National Park. This park, stretching over 3,260 hectares, is located 20 km south of the city of Ruse. The reserve park contains rare birds. You can watch them, as well as visit the caves formed as a result of natural conditions. There are monasteries in the same park. Every year in September, exhibitions of the so-called natural art are organized.

Ruse is the largest city, industrial center and port of Bulgaria on the Danube (170 thousand inhabitants). There is a large two-tiered bridge over the Danube near Ruse. It is the main land gate for the transport of goods and passengers between Bulgaria and Romania and between Bulgaria and Russia. In terms of the development of mechanical engineering (agricultural, shipbuilding, electronics and instrument making, heavy equipment), Ruse is on a par with Plovdiv and is second only to Sofia. There are enterprises in the chemical, textile and especially food industry. Ruse is the center of the region with developed viticulture and beet growing.

Ruse city,n e accidentally called Rousse“The most aristocratic city in Bulgaria”.

H some call this cityalso “little Vienna” and today's poets add sonorous metaphors to the “baroque tale”.

Today Ruse is proudthose what the city hasunique architectural heritage, designatingeno European cosmopolitanismmom , thanks to which at the beginning of the 20th century in the citywere built with glitter, samples modern European architecture, among which the most striking example is "Profitableth building ".

Danube river Ruse

This city has 23 centuries of history, historical the beginning of the city is mentioned from the construction of a Thracian settlement, and later during the Roman eraand the fortress "Sexagint was builta Priest a ", Which in Roman means" Port of sixty ships "- a military centerfor the fleet.

Sexaginta Prista - Roman inscription

Ceramic vessels, bronze objects, coins, bones and other finds are evidence of this. "Sexaginta Priest a »Shares the fate of other fortresses on the right bankrivers of the lower Danube. Fortress la destroyed after attacks Avars and Slavs in the late 6th and early 7th centuries.

Castle Sexaginta Prista

In the era of the Ottoman yoke, the name "Ruschuk" (Bulgarian Ruschuk) arose, P after the liberation of Bulgaria from the Ottoman Empire, the city became a major Bulgarian economic and cultural center, it was the largest city in the Principality at that timewith a population of 20,000 inhabitants. The city became the center Bulgarian Danube shipping,it was created the first private bank in Bulgaria "Girdap ".

Today Ruse is a major port city alongrivers The Danube River is in northeastern Bulgaria and is one of the most important economic centers in Bulgaria.P yati th largest city in the country.

The Freedom Monument is one of the symbols of the city.

The Statue of Liberty in the city of Ruse was designed in the early 20th century, representing a woman holding a sword in her left hand and her right hand by decreesthe direction from which the liberators came. There are two bronze lions at the base of the monument, one of which breaks the slave chainsteeth and the other holds the Sword and Shield of Freedom.At the back of the monumentthere are two cannons.

Statue of Liberty

Profitable building.

It is an architectural masterpiece designed by the prominent Viennese architect Peter Paul Branck,construction work was carried out between 1898 - 1902 in the neoclassical style. Today the building is a cultural monument and is one of the symbols of Ruse ... The building is currently used for cultural events, theater performances, cocktails, conferences, exhibitions and other artistic performances.The building has four rooms and five elegant lounges. This is one of the most beautiful buildings in Bulgaria.

State Opera in Ruse.

Back in the 19th century e in Ruse begin to formvarious opera, choral and symphonic groups. It was the result of contact with European musical culture.Variousperformances and fragments,the most ambitious productions were such as: Tannhäuser by Wagner (1901), Ernani by Verdi (1904), Faust by Gounod (1910).

Opera town of Ruse

Renaissance park.

In addition to a place for relaxation and walking, the park aims toremind the townspeople about the time of the revival.

Renaissance park

Renaissance Pantheon.

It is located next to the old cemetery of the city of Ruse, in the Renaissance park. This is a monumentthe tomb in which bones of 453 revolutionaries and volunteers who participated in the RussianT urek liberation war, Chetniks and cultural and educational activists.

Here are the remains of Lyuben Karavelov, Zakhary Stoyanov, Toma Kardzhiev, Atanas Uzunov, Olympi Panov, heroes of Bulgaria since Ottoman rule.The Pantheon is open to visitors February 28, 1978. In 2000next to P antheon a chapel and a museum with valuable documents were made.

National Museum of Transport and Communications.

The museum is located on the banks of the Danube River and is the only one of its kind in Bulgaria. It is located in the building of the first railway station in Bulgaria, built in 1866 by the Barkli brothers.

Museum of Transport and Communications

The exhibition is divided into two parts - in the museum building and in the open air. The museum has many monumental exhibits such as the private carriage of King Ferdinand.

School of Music.

The school building was built in 1901 and was used for a German school. Only in 1946 a music high school was located here. One of the most interesting halls is the prayer hall, which has its own altar, later used for a concert hall with very good acoustics.

School of Music

Ruse Art Gallery.

The gallery was founded on April 30, 1933.In the gallery more than 2,770 works exhibited, including works by artistscities Rousse and representatives of the Bulgarian fine arts,from the end of the XIX century to the beginning of the XXI century. The gallery has a permanent exhibition, andother exhibitions.

Art Gallery

City Museum of Art, also known as Kaliopa House.

The museum is located on the banks of the Danube River. It opened its doors to visitors in 1987 and is the first museum of its kind in Bulgaria to present urban culture.

Zakhary Stoyanov Museum House.

In this museum items are savedand documents of the Bulgarian revival, spiritual, educational and national liberation struggle in Ruse.Associated with the life of Nikol s Obretenov a , as well as the biography and works of the chronicler of the uprising Zachary Stoyanova.

Catholic Church of Ruse - St. Paul.

Created by a at the end of the 19th century. Cathedralhas the very old piano preserved in the country, it was installed in 1907.The piano has a veryromantic sound, thist is the only grand piano with pneumatic tract in South-Eastern Europe.The first concert in the church took place in front of the citizens of the city of Ruse in July 1908.

St Paul's Church inside

Batenberg Palace.

The palace was built in 1882 as the official residence of Prince Alexander I of Battenberg, but in this capacity the palace was not useds l used due to the historical situation.

Today, the building of the old princely palace of Batenberg houses the regional museum of the history of the city of Ruse. The museum was founded in 1904. It has several thematic exhibitions tracing the history of the lands in and around Ruse from ancient times to the present day. Its fund contains more than 140,000 museum items, and the most valuable exhibits are a collection of medieval frescoes, a numismatic collection, prehistoric ceramics, the Borovo treasure and the only lower jaw of the prehistoric mammoth Mamutus Ramos.

Batenberg Palace - History Museum

Naval tower.

The building was built in 1885 by the architect Friedrich Grünager. This is the first meteorological station in Bulgaria, and it functions until 1872. Currently, it houses the hydrometeorological station of the Scientific and Technical Agency on the Danube River.

Naval kula

Monument to Granny Tonka

Tonka Obretenova was born in 1812 in the village of Cherven, Rusensko. The parents are Toncho Podstavchiyata and Minka Toncheva. She married the famous merchant Tycho Obretenov in Ruse (1831). They havewere born five boys and two girls.

The family took part inorganization of the national liberation struggle. They provided serious organizational, moral and financial support to Russen committee. Her lieutenant and confidant was Vasil Levskiy. Her home was safe harbor and organizational center of revolutionary leaders.

In the organisation revolutions took part and her kids. Peter Obretenov and Angel Found in step in detachment of Haji Dimitar and Stefan Karadz. Nikola Obretenov is the central figure in Russensky revolutionary committee and participates in the detachment of Hristo Botev. Georgy Obretenoventers into the Stable unit and the voivode, participates in the uprising in Stara Zagora (1875). Petrana Obretenova sews the flag of the Revolutionary Couple (1875g.).

Every visitor admires and takes pride in this strong woman and her sacrifice for the common good. Sheraised her children to love their homeland. And about neither follow suit, fight for a great cause,started by Vasil m Levsky. Even when hebut learns that her nikola Obretenov's son died in exile, Baba Tonka says: “I have lost four sons.D you are in the graveand the rest rot in prisons. But if u there were four more, theywould also be carried proudly bulgarian flag with golden lion.

In the underground of her house, equipped audio system, soundenhances the harsh atmosphere and the dark feeling of this place. The museum houses numerous objects of the Bab familya Tonka and many personal belongings of prominent revolutionaries. Placed hereand screens on which tells the history of the city, the fate of the Obreten family, dedicated to the liberation of Bulgaria from Turkish slavery.

Baba Tonka Museum

Population

Population

Year	1880	1887	1910	1934	1940	1946	1999	2001	2004	2006	2008	2010
Population	26 163	27 194	36 255	41 447	51 000	57 509
Permanent Address							202 793	190 798	179 514	177 104	175 374	173 672
current address							182 323	179 666	172 833	170 208	168 116	166 056

Political situation

In the building of the Pantheon to the east of the city center are buried local revolutionaries who are considered heroes of the Bulgarian people: Lyuben Karavelov, Zakhari Stoyanov, Baba Tonka Obretenova, Angel Kanchev, Stefan Karadzha, Panayot Hitov.

The Art Gallery has a collection of works by local artists.

In the youth park, 50 m from the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in 1837, in honor of the visit to the city by Sultan Mahmud, a marble column was installed - "Tsar's Stone" (bul. Tsarev kamak).

Profitable building (bulg. Income building) is a large theater building that symbolizes the period of the Bulgarian Renaissance (Bulgarian. Vazrazhdane). It was built in the neoclassical and baroque styles.

Monument to freedom (bulg. The sweeper is free) presents an impressive creation by the Italian sculptor Arnoldo Tsoki of the early 20th century The monument is located in the city center.

Kuntukapia bridge... It stands in the south of the city center. The bridge is all that remains of the Turkish fortress, which was located near the modern railway station.

In the vicinity of Ruse, there is the Rusenski Lom National Park. This park, stretching over 3,260 hectares, is located 20 km south of the city. The reserve park contains rare birds. You can watch them, as well as visit the caves formed as a result of natural conditions. There are monasteries in the same park. Every year in September, exhibitions of the so-called natural art are organized.

Climate

Ruse climate
Index	Jan.	Feb	March	Apr	May	June	July	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Absolute maximum, ° C	22	25	33	34	37	42,4	44,7	44,2	40,2	39	28	22	44,7
Average maximum, ° C	4	7	14	20	26	30	32	32	27	19	12	5	19,0
Average temperature, ° C	0,3	2,3	8,4	14,1	20,1	23,5	25,8	25,2	20,4	13,8	8,1	1,6	13,7
Average minimum, ° C	−3	−2	3	8	14	18	20	19	15	9	4	−2	8,5
Absolute minimum, ° C	−28	−26	−18	−4	3	7	9	8	1	−5	−14	−21	−28
Precipitation rate, mm	66	39	45	31	72	62	71	60	58	50	31	61	646
Source:, and

Economy

Ruse is the largest city, industrial center and port of Bulgaria on the Danube. Near Rousse there is a large two-tiered bridge (length 2800 m) across the Danube, built in 1952-1954. with the help of the Soviet Union. It is the main land gate for the transport of goods and passengers between Bulgaria and Romania and between Bulgaria and Russia. In terms of the development of mechanical engineering (agricultural, shipbuilding, electronics and instrument making, heavy equipment) Ruse is on a par with Plovdiv and is second only to Sofia. There are enterprises in the chemical, textile and especially food industry. Ruse is the center of the region with developed viticulture and beet growing.

The city has a developed network of various supermarkets: Kaufland, Bill, Underground, Technopolis, Technomarket "Europe", Mosyu Bricolage, Practician... 6 large supermarkets are under construction MOL (MALL) and a modern financial center.

International relationships

Consulates

Sister cities

Notable natives and residents

This section is an unordered list of miscellaneous facts about the subject of the article. Please provide the information in an encyclopedic form and distribute it to the appropriate sections of the article. According to the decision of the Wikipedia Arbitration Committee, lists are preferably based on secondary summaries containing criteria for including items in the list.

• Atanas Kosev - composer
• Boyko Nedelchev - pop singer, composer (04.24.1965)
• Boris Chakyrov - composer
• Vasil Kazandzhiev - composer, conductor, academician
• Venelina Veneva - athlete
• Violeta Shakhanova - opera and chamber singer
• Deyan Nedelchev - pop singer, composer (16.01.1964)
• Iskren Petsov - singer, composer
• Iskren Petsov - pop singer
• Yosif Tsankov (1911-1971) - musician, composer.
• Kamen Donev - actor, director, playwright and choreographer (1971)
• Konstantin Evtimov - cellist, accompanist of the BNR Symphony Orchestra (1975).
• Leon Daniel - theater director (1927-2008).
• Luchnikov, Svetoslav - Bulgarian lawyer, politician.
• Mimi Balkanska (1902-1984) - an opera and operetta artist.
• Minkov, Fedor Nikolaevich - Bulgarian teacher and educator of the 19th century.
• Mirzoyan, Manuk-bey (1769-1817) - statesman of the Ottoman Empire.
• Mikhail Arnaudov is an academician.
• Nelina is a pop-folk and folk singer.
• Neshka Robeva - coach, thin gymnastics.
• Orlin Anastasov - opera singer (1976).
• Petr Petrov-Parcheto is a jazz musician.
• Vladimir Polyanov (1899-1988) - writer, director, theater worker.
• Rositsa Bordzhieva - pop singer, teacher (20.4.1954).
• Silvia Miteva is a gymnast.
• Stefan Tsanev is a writer.
• Stefan Tsanev is a poet.
• Sunay Chalykov is a pop singer.
• Topalov, Veselin Alexandrov - Bulgarian chess player, FIDE world champion (2005).
• Fakhri Pasha is a Turkish military leader, commandant of Medina.
• Elias Canetti is a writer and playwright, recipient of the 1981 Nobel Prize for Literature.
• Yanitsa - pop-folk singer

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Notes

1. grao.bg/tna/tab02.txt
2. "Ruse - Biography on Dunavskiyat grad" - Vasil Doikov.
3. BNR - "Age books - knowledge and flavor have cleared away the times."
4. Consulate in Ruse prez 1928 - "Ilustrovan almanakh in Ruse"
5. I went through Shumen. See: "A scenic journey through European and Asian Turkey and the South Slavic countries", Chapter XXXVIII "From Ruschuk to Varna". - Moscow, 1878.
6. History on BJ
7. Nikolay Michev, Petar Koledarov, "Rechnik on the settlement and settlement names in Bulgaria 1878 - 1987", Sofia, 1989.
8. Museum of Ruse
9. Bulgarian academy of sciences-geographical institute
12. This settlement is located on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula, most of which is the object of territorial differences between Russia and Ukraine. According to the administrative-territorial division of the Russian Federation, which actually controls Crimea, the constituent entities of the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol are located on its territory. According to the administrative-territorial division of Ukraine, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city with a special status Sevastopol are located on the territory of Crimea.

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An excerpt characterizing Ruse

“If He weren't there,” he said quietly, “we wouldn't be talking about Him, my sir. What were we talking about? Who have you denied? He suddenly said with enthusiastic severity and authority in his voice. - Who invented Him if He is not? Why did the suggestion appear in you that there is such an incomprehensible creature? Why did you and the whole world assume the existence of such an incomprehensible being, an omnipotent, eternal and infinite creature in all its properties? ... - He stopped and was silent for a long time.
Pierre could not and did not want to break this silence.
“He exists, but it is difficult to understand Him,” the Mason spoke again, looking not at Pierre’s face, but in front of him, with his old hands, which from internal excitement could not remain calm, turning over the pages of the book. - If it was a person whose existence you doubted, I would bring this person to you, take him by the hand and show you. But how can I, an insignificant mortal, show all His omnipotence, all eternity, all His goodness to the one who is blind, or to the one who closes his eyes so as not to see, not to understand Him, and not to see, and not to understand all my filth and wickedness? He paused. - Who are you? What are you? You dream of yourself that you are a sage, because you could utter these blasphemous words, - he said with a gloomy and contemptuous grin, - and you are stupider and crazier than a small child who, playing with parts of a skillfully made clock, would dare to say that because he does not understand the purpose of these watches, he also does not believe in the master who made them. It is difficult to cognize Him ... For centuries, from the forefather Adam to the present day, we have been working for this knowledge and are infinitely far from achieving our goal; but in not understanding Him, we see only our weakness and His greatness ... - Pierre, with a sinking heart, looking into the face of the Mason with shining eyes, listened to him, did not interrupt, did not ask him, but with all his soul believed what this stranger was telling him. Did he believe those reasonable arguments that were in the speech of the Freemason, or believed, as children believe, the intonations, conviction and cordiality that were in the speech of the Freemason, the tremor of the voice, which sometimes almost interrupted the Freemason, or these brilliant, senile eyes that grew old on that the same conviction, or that calmness, firmness and knowledge of his purpose, which shone from the whole being of the Mason, and which especially struck him in comparison with their despondency and hopelessness; - but with all his soul he wanted to believe, and believed, and experienced a joyful feeling of tranquility, renewal and return to life.
- It is not comprehended by the mind, but comprehended by life, - said the Mason.
“I don’t understand,” said Pierre, feeling with fear a doubt rising in himself. He was afraid of the vagueness and weakness of the arguments of his interlocutor, he was afraid not to believe him. “I don’t understand,” he said, “how the human mind cannot comprehend the knowledge you are talking about.
The Mason smiled his gentle, fatherly smile.
“The highest wisdom and truth is, as it were, the purest moisture that we want to take into ourselves,” he said. - Can I take this pure moisture into an unclean vessel and judge its purity? Only by inner purification of myself can I bring the perceived moisture to a certain purity.
- Yes, yes, it is! - Pierre said happily.
- The highest wisdom is not based on reason alone, not on those secular sciences of physics, history, chemistry, etc., into which mental knowledge decomposes. The highest wisdom is one. The highest wisdom has one science - the science of everything, the science that explains the entire universe and the place of man in it. In order to accommodate this science, you need to cleanse and renew your inner person, and therefore, before knowing, you need to believe and improve. And to achieve these goals, the light of God, called conscience, is imbedded in our souls.
- Yes, yes, - Pierre confirmed.
- Look with spiritual eyes at your inner person and ask yourself if you are satisfied with yourself. What have you achieved by being guided by one mind? What are you? You are young, you are rich, you are smart, educated, my sir. What have you made of all these benefits given to you? Are you satisfied with yourself and your life?
“No, I hate my life,” Pierre said with a frown.
“You hate, so change her, purify yourself, and as you purify, you will learn wisdom. Look at your life, my sir. How did you conduct it? In violent orgies and debauchery, receiving everything from society and giving nothing to it. You have received wealth. How did you use it? What have you done for your neighbor? Have you thought about the tens of thousands of your slaves, have you helped them physically and mentally? No. You used their labors to lead a dissolute life. Here's what you did. Have you chosen a place of service where you would benefit your neighbor? No. You spent your life in idleness. Then you got married, my sir, took responsibility for leading the young woman, and what did you do? You did not help her, my sir, to find the path of truth, but plunged her into the abyss of lies and misfortune. The man insulted you, and you killed him, and you say that you do not know God and that you hate your life. There is nothing tricky here, my sir! - After these words, the Mason, as if tired of the long conversation, again leaned against the back of the sofa and closed his eyes. Pierre looked at this stern, motionless, senile, almost dead face, and silently moved his lips. He wanted to say: yes, disgusting, idle, depraved life - and did not dare to break the silence.
The Freemason cleared his throat hoarsely, in an old manner and called the servant.
- What horses? He asked, not looking at Pierre.
- They brought in the delivery, - answered the servant. - Will you rest?
- No, they ordered to lay.
"Will he really leave and leave me alone, without finishing everything and not promising me help?" Thought Pierre, getting up and hanging his head, occasionally glancing at the Mason, and starting to walk around the room. “Yes, I didn’t think that, but I led a contemptible, depraved life, but I didn’t love her, and I didn’t want it, thought Pierre, - and this man knows the truth, and if he wanted, he could reveal it to me” ... Pierre wanted and did not dare to say this to the Mason. The traveler, with his usual old hands, packed his things, buttoning his sheepskin coat. Having finished these matters, he turned to Bezukhoy and said to him in an indifferent, courteous tone:
- Where do you please go now, my sir?
"Me? ... I'm going to Petersburg," Pierre answered in a childish, indecisive voice. - Thank you. I agree with you in everything. But don’t think I’m so bad. I longed with all my heart to be what you would like me to be; but I never found help in anyone ... However, I myself am primarily to blame for everything. Help me, teach me, and maybe I will ... - Pierre could not speak further; he sniffled and turned away.
The Mason was silent for a long time, apparently pondering something.
“Help is given only from God,” he said, “but the measure of help that our order has the power to give, he will give you, my sir. You are going to Petersburg, tell this to Count Villarsky (he took out his wallet and wrote a few words on a large sheet of paper folded in four). Let me give you one piece of advice. Arriving in the capital, devote the first time to solitude, discussing yourself, and do not enter the old paths of life. Then I wish you a happy journey, my sir, ”he said, noticing that his servant had entered the room,“ and success ...
The traveler was Osip Alekseevich Bazdeev, as Pierre had learned from the caretaker's book. Bazdeev was one of the most famous Masons and Martinists of the Novikov era. Long after his departure, Pierre, without going to bed or asking the horses, walked around the station room, pondering his vicious past and with the delight of renewal imagining his blissful, irreproachable and virtuous future, which seemed so easy to him. He was, as it seemed to him, vicious only because he somehow accidentally forgot how good it is to be virtuous. Not a trace of his former doubts remained in his soul. He firmly believed in the possibility of a brotherhood of people united for the purpose of supporting each other on the path of virtue, and this was how Freemasonry seemed to him.

Arriving in St. Petersburg, Pierre did not inform anyone of his arrival, did not go anywhere, and began spending whole days reading Thomas of Kempis, a book that was delivered to him by some unknown person. Pierre understood one thing and all while reading this book; he understood the pleasure he had not yet known to believe in the possibility of achieving perfection and in the possibility of fraternal and active love between people, opened to him by Osip Alekseevich. A week after his arrival, the young Polish count of Villarsky, whom Pierre knew superficially from the Petersburg world, entered his room in the evening with the official and solemn air with which Dolokhov's second entered him and, closing the door behind him and making sure that there was no one in the room except Pierre was not there, he turned to him:
“I have come to you with an errand and a proposal, Count,” he told him without sitting down. - A person, very highly placed in our brotherhood, petitioned that you be accepted into the brotherhood ahead of time, and invited me to be your surety. I regard the fulfillment of the will of this person as a sacred duty. Do you wish to join the fellowship of free stone-makers for my bail?
The cold and stern tone of the man, whom Pierre saw almost always at balls with an amiable smile, in the company of the most brilliant women, struck Pierre.
“Yes, I wish,” said Pierre.
Villarski bowed his head. - One more question, Count, he said, to which I ask you not as a future Freemason, but as an honest man (galant homme), to answer me with all sincerity: have you renounced your previous convictions, do you believe in God?
Pierre thought about it. “Yes… yes, I believe in God,” he said.
“In that case…” Villarsky began, but Pierre interrupted him. “Yes, I believe in God,” he said again.
"Then we can go," Villarsky said. “My carriage is at your service.
Villarsky was silent all the way. When Pierre asked what he needed to do and how to answer, Villarsky only said that the brothers who were more worthy of him would test him, and that Pierre needed nothing more than to tell the truth.
Having entered the gates of a large house where the lodge was, and walking along a dark staircase, they entered a lighted, small hallway, where, without the help of a servant, they took off their fur coats. From the front they went into another room. A man in a strange dress appeared at the door. Villarsky, coming out to meet him, said something quietly to him in French, and went up to a small wardrobe, in which Pierre noticed clothes he had never seen before. Taking a handkerchief from the closet, Villarsky put it over Pierre's eyes and tied it in a knot at the back, painfully capturing his hair in a knot. Then he bent him to him, kissed him and, taking his hand, led him somewhere. Pierre was hurt by the hair pulled in by the knot, he winced in pain and smiled in shame of something. His huge figure, with his hands down, with a wrinkled and smiling face, with timid, irregular steps followed Villarski.
After taking him ten paces, Villarski stopped.
“Whatever happens to you,” he said, “you must endure everything with courage, if you are firmly resolved to join our brotherhood. (Pierre answered in the affirmative by tilting his head.) When you hear a knock at the door, you will untie your eyes, added Villarsky; - I wish you courage and success. And after shaking hands with Pierre, Villarsky went out.
Left alone, Pierre continued to smile in the same way. Once or twice he shrugged his shoulders, brought his hand to the handkerchief, as if wishing to take it off, and again lowered it. The five minutes he spent with his eyes bound seemed to him an hour. His hands were swollen, his legs were giving way; it seemed to him that he was tired. He experienced the most complex and varied feelings. He was both scared of what would happen to him, and even more scared of not showing fear to him. He was curious to know what would happen to him, what would be revealed to him; but most of all he was glad that the moment had come when he would finally embark on that path of renewal and an actively virtuous life, which he had dreamed of since his meeting with Osip Alekseevich. Strong blows were heard at the door. Pierre took off the bandage and looked around him. The room was black - dark: only in one place was a lamp burning in something white. Pierre came closer and saw that the lamp stood on a black table, on which lay one open book. The book was the gospel; that white, in which the lamp burned, was a human skull with its holes and teeth. Having read the first words of the Gospel: “In the beginning, there was a word and a word was with God,” Pierre walked around the table and saw a large open box filled with something. It was a coffin with bones. He was not at all surprised by what he saw. Hoping to enter a completely new life, completely different from the previous one, he expected everything extraordinary, even more extraordinary than what he saw. The skull, the coffin, the Gospel - it seemed to him that he had expected all this, expected even more. Trying to evoke a feeling of tenderness, he looked around him. “God, death, love, brotherhood of people,” he said to himself, linking with these words vague but joyful ideas of something. The door opened and someone entered.
In a weak light, to which Pierre had already managed to take a closer look, a short man entered. Apparently entering the darkness from the light, this man stopped; then, with careful steps, he moved to the table and laid on it his small hands covered with leather gloves.
This short man was dressed in a white, leather apron that covered his chest and part of his legs, a sort of necklace was worn around his neck, and a tall, white frill protruded from behind the necklace, bordering his oblong face, illuminated from below.
- Why did you come here? - asked the newcomer, after a rustle made by Pierre, addressing him. - Why are you, who do not believe in the truths of the light and do not see the light, why did you come here, what do you want from us? Wisdom, virtue, enlightenment?
The minute the door opened and an unknown person entered, Pierre experienced a feeling of fear and awe, similar to the one he experienced in confession in childhood: he felt himself face to face with a completely stranger in terms of living conditions and with loved ones, in a brotherhood of people. human. Pierre, with a breathtaking heartbeat, moved up to the rhetorician (this was the name of a brother in Freemasonry preparing a seeker to join the fraternity). Pierre, coming closer, recognized in the rhetoric a familiar person, Smolyaninov, but he was offended to think that the person who had entered was a familiar person: the person who had entered was only a brother and a virtuous mentor. For a long time Pierre could not pronounce a word, so the rhetorician had to repeat his question.
“Yes, I… I… want renewal,” Pierre said with difficulty.