All known planets of the solar system. “The Earth is a planet of the solar system. The giant planets are the largest planets in the solar system

Roof 21.08.2020

Roof

The solar system is a group of planets revolving in specific orbits around a bright star - the Sun. This luminary is the main source of heat and light in the solar system.

It is believed that our planetary system was formed as a result of the explosion of one or more stars and this happened about 4.5 billion years ago. In the beginning, the solar system was an accumulation of gas and dust particles, however, over time and under the influence of its own mass, the sun and other planets arose.

The planets of the solar system

In the center of the solar system is the Sun, around which eight planets move in their orbits: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.

Until 2006, Pluto belongs to this group of planets, it was considered the 9th planet from the Sun, however, due to its considerable distance from the Sun and its small size, it was excluded from this list and named a dwarf planet. Rather, it is one of several dwarf planets in the Kuiper belt.

All of the above planets are usually divided into two large groups: the terrestrial group and the gas giants.

The terrestrial group includes such planets as: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars. They are distinguished by their small size and rocky surface, and in addition, they are located closer to the Sun.

Gas giants include: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. They are characterized by big sizes and the presence of rings of ice dust and rocky chunks. These planets consist mainly of gas.

Mercury

This planet is one of the smallest in the solar system, with a diameter of 4,879 km. In addition, it is closest to the Sun. This neighborhood predetermined a significant temperature difference. The average temperature on Mercury in the daytime is +350 degrees Celsius, and at night -170 degrees.

Mercury is the first planet from the Sun.
There are no seasons on Mercury. The tilt of the planet's axis is practically perpendicular to the plane of the planet's orbit around the Sun.
The temperature on the surface of Mercury is not the highest, although the planet is located closest to the Sun. He lost first place to Venus.
The first explorer to visit Mercury was the Mariner 10. It conducted a series of demonstration flights in 1974.
A day on Mercury lasts 59 Earth days, and a year is only 88 days.
The sharpest temperature drops are observed on Mercury, reaching 610 ° C. During the day the temperature can reach 430 ° C, and at night -180 ° C.
The force of gravity on the planet's surface is only 38% of that of Earth. This means that on Mercury, you could jump three times higher, and it would be easier to lift heavy objects.
The first observations of Mercury through a telescope were carried out by Galileo Galilei in the early 17th century.
Mercury has no natural satellites.
The first official map of the surface of Mercury was published only in 2009, thanks to data obtained from the Mariner 10 and Messenger spacecraft.

Venus

This planet is second from the Sun. It is close in size to the diameter of the Earth, with a diameter of 12,104 km. In all other respects, Venus is significantly different from our planet. A day here lasts 243 earth days, and a year - 255 days. The atmosphere of Venus is 95% carbon dioxide, which creates a greenhouse effect on its surface. This leads to the fact that the average temperature on the planet is 475 degrees Celsius. The atmosphere also includes 5% nitrogen and 0.1% oxygen.

Venus is the second planet from the Sun in the solar system.
Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system, although it is the second planet from the sun. Surface temperature can reach 475 ° C.
The first spacecraft sent to explore Venus was sent from Earth on February 12, 1961 and was named Venera 1.
Venus is one of two planets whose direction of rotation around its axis is different from most planets in the solar system.
The planet's orbit around the Sun is very close to circular.
The daytime and nighttime temperatures of the Venusian surface are practically the same due to the large thermal inertia of the atmosphere.
Venus makes one revolution around the Sun in 225 Earth days, and one revolution around its axis in 243 Earth days, that is, one day on Venus lasts more than one year.
The first observations of Venus through a telescope were carried out by Galileo Galilei in the early 17th century.
Venus has no natural satellites.
Venus is the third brightest object in the sky, after the Sun and the Moon.

Earth

Our planet is located at a distance of 150 million km from the Sun and this allows us to create on its surface a temperature suitable for the existence of water in liquid form, and, therefore, for the appearance of life.

Its surface is 70% covered with water, and it is the only planet on which there is such an amount of liquid. It is believed that many thousands of years ago, vapor contained in the atmosphere created the temperature on the Earth's surface to form water in liquid form, and solar radiation contributed to photosynthesis and the birth of life on the planet.

Earth in the solar system is the third planet from the Sunsa;
One natural satellite revolves around our planet - the Moon;
Earth is the only planet not named after a divine being;
The density of the Earth is the largest of all the planets in the solar system;
The speed of the Earth's rotation is gradually slowing down;
The average distance from the Earth to the Sun is 1 astronomical unit (a conventional measure of length in astronomy), which is approximately 150 million km;
The Earth has a magnetic field of sufficient strength to protect living organisms on its surface from harmful solar radiation;
The first artificial Earth satellite called PS-1 (The Simplest Satellite - 1) was launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome on the Sputnik LV on October 4, 1957;
The largest number of spacecraft are in orbit around the Earth, in comparison with other planets;
Earth is the largest terrestrial planet in the solar system;

Mars

This planet is the fourth from the Sun and is at a distance of 1.5 times greater than the Earth. The diameter of Mars is smaller than that of the Earth and is 6,779 km. The average air temperature on the planet ranges from -155 degrees to +20 degrees in the equator. The magnetic field on Mars is much weaker than that of the Earth, and the atmosphere is rather thin, which allows solar radiation to influence the surface unhindered. In this regard, if there is life on Mars, it is not on the surface.

When surveyed with the help of rovers, it was found that there are many mountains on Mars, as well as dried river beds and glaciers. The planet's surface is covered with red sand. Iron oxide gives this color to Mars.

Mars is in the fourth orbit from the Sun;
The Red Planet has the highest volcano in the solar system;
Of the 40 exploration missions sent to Mars, only 18 have been successful;
Mars has the largest dust storms in the solar system;
In 30-50 million years, a system of rings will be located around Mars, like Saturn;
Debris from Mars has been found on Earth;
The sun from the surface of Mars looks half as large as from the surface of the Earth;
Mars is the only planet in the solar system that has polar ice caps;
Two natural satellites revolve around Mars - Deimos and Phobos;
Mars has no magnetic field;

Jupiter

This planet is the largest in the solar system and has a diameter of 139,822 km, which is 19 times the size of Earth. A day on Jupiter lasts 10 hours, and a year is approximately 12 Earth years. Jupiter is mainly composed of xenon, argon and krypton. If it were 60 times larger, it could become a star due to a spontaneous thermonuclear reaction.

The average temperature on the planet is -150 degrees Celsius. The atmosphere is composed of hydrogen and helium. There is no oxygen and water on its surface. There is an assumption that there is ice in the atmosphere of Jupiter.

Jupiter is in the fifth orbit from the Sun;
In the terrestrial sky, Jupiter is the fourth brightest object, after the Sun, Moon and Venus;
Jupiter has the shortest day of all the planets in the solar system;
In Jupiter's atmosphere, one of the longest and most powerful storms in the solar system rages, better known as the Great Red Spot;
Jupiter's moon, Ganymede, is the largest moon in the solar system;
A thin ring system is located around Jupiter;
Jupiter has been visited by 8 research vehicles;
Jupiter has a strong magnetic field;
If Jupiter were 80 times more massive, it would become a star;
67 natural satellites revolve around Jupiter. This is the largest figure in the solar system;

Saturn

This planet is the second largest in the solar system. Its diameter is 116 464 km. It is most similar in composition to the Sun. A year on this planet lasts quite a long time, almost 30 Earth years, and a day - 10.5 hours. The average surface temperature is -180 degrees.

Its atmosphere is mostly hydrogen and small amounts of helium. Thunderstorms and auroras often occur in its upper layers.

Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun;
The strongest winds in the solar system blow in the atmosphere of Saturn;
Saturn is one of the least dense planets in the solar system;
The planet is surrounded by the largest ring system in the solar system;
One day on the planet lasts practically one Earth year and is equal to 378 Earth days;
Saturn has been visited by 4 research spacecraft;
Saturn together with Jupiter make up approximately 92% of the entire planetary mass of the solar system;
One year on the planet lasts 29.5 Earth years;
62 known natural satellites revolve around the planet;
Currently, the automatic interplanetary station Cassini is engaged in the study of Saturn and its rings;

Uranus

Uranus, computer artwork.

Uranus is the third largest planet in the solar system and the seventh from the Sun. It has a diameter of 50,724 km. It is also called the "ice planet" as the temperature on its surface is -224 degrees. A day on Uranus lasts 17 hours, and a year lasts 84 Earth years. Moreover, summer lasts the same as winter - 42 years. This natural phenomenon is due to the fact that the axis of that planet is located at an angle of 90 degrees to the orbit, and it turns out that Uranus seems to be "lying on its side."

Uranus is located in the seventh orbit from the Sun;
The first to know about the existence of Uranus was William Herschel in 1781;
Uranus was visited by only one spacecraft - Voyager 2 in 1982;
Uranus is the coldest planet in the solar system;
The equatorial plane of Uranus is tilted to the plane of its orbit almost at right angles - that is, the planet rotates retrograde, "lying on its side slightly upside down";
The moons of Uranus are named after the writings of William Shakespeare and Alexander Pope, not Greek or Roman mythology;
A day on Uranus lasts about 17 Earth hours;
There are 13 known rings around Uranus;
One year on Uranus lasts 84 Earth years;
Uranus is surrounded by 27 known natural satellites;

Neptune

Neptune is the eighth planet from the Sun. In composition and size, it is similar to its neighbor Uranus. The diameter of this planet is 49,244 km. A day on Neptune lasts 16 hours, and a year is equal to 164 Earth years. Neptune belongs to ice giants and for a long time it was believed that no weather phenomena occur on its icy surface. However, it was recently found that Neptune has violent eddies and wind speeds that are the highest of the planets in the solar system. It reaches 700 km / h.

Neptune has 14 moons, the most famous of which is Triton. It is known to have its own atmosphere.

Neptune also has rings. This planet has 6 of them.

Neptune is the most distant planet in the solar system and occupies the eighth orbit from the sun;
Mathematicians were the first to know about the existence of Neptune;
14 satellites circle around Neptune;
The orbit of Neputna is removed from the Sun by an average of 30 AU;
One day on Neptune lasts 16 Earth hours;
Only one spacecraft visited Neptune - Voyager 2;
There is a system of rings around Neptune;
Neptune has the second largest gravity after Jupiter;
One year on Neptune lasts 164 Earth years;
The atmosphere on Neptune is extremely active;

Jupiter is considered the largest planet in the solar system.
There are 5 dwarf planets in the solar system, one of which was retrained to Pluto.
There are very few asteroids in the solar system.
Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system.
About 99% of the space (by volume) is occupied by the Sun in the Solar System.
One of the most beautiful and original places in the solar system is the moon of Saturn. There you can see huge concentrations of ethane and liquid methane.
Our solar system has a tail that resembles a four-leaf clover.
The sun follows a continuous 11-year cycle.
There are 8 planets in the solar system.
The solar system is fully formed thanks to a large cloud of gas and dust.
Space vehicles flew to all planets of the solar system.
Venus is the only planet in the solar system that rotates counterclockwise on its axis.
Uranus has 27 satellites.
The largest mountain is on Mars.
A huge mass of objects in the solar system fell on the sun.
The solar system is part of the Milky Way galaxy.
The sun is the central object of the solar system.
The solar system is often divided into regions.
The sun is a key component of the solar system.
The solar system was formed approximately 4.5 billion years ago.
The most distant planet in the solar system is Pluto.
Two regions in the solar system are filled with small bodies.
The solar system is built contrary to all the laws of the universe.
If we compare the solar system and space, then it is just a grain of sand in it.
Over the past few centuries, the solar system has lost 2 planets: Volcano and Pluto.
Researchers claim that the solar system was created artificially.
The only satellite of the solar system, which has a dense atmosphere and whose surface cannot be seen due to the cloud cover, is Titan.
The region of the solar system that lies beyond the orbit of Neptune is called the Kuiper belt.
The Oort cloud is the region of the solar system that is the source of the comet and the long orbital period.
Every object in the solar system is held there by gravity.
The leading theory of the solar system suggests the emergence of planets and satellites from a huge cloud.
The solar system is considered the most secret particle in the universe.
The solar system has a huge asteroid belt.
On Mars, you can see the eruption of the largest volcano in the solar system, which is named Olympus.
Pluto is considered to be the outskirts of the solar system.
Jupiter has a large ocean of liquid water.
The moon is the largest satellite in the solar system.
The largest asteroid in the solar system is Pallas.
The brightest planet in the solar system is Venus.
The solar system is mainly composed of hydrogen.
The Earth is an equal member of the solar system.
The sun heats up slowly.
Oddly enough, the sun has the largest reserves of water in the solar system.
The equatorial plane of each planet in the solar system diverges from the orbital plane.
The satellite of Mars called Phobos is an anomaly of the solar system.
The solar system can amaze with its own variety and scale.
The planets of the solar system are influenced by the sun.
The outer shell of the solar system is considered the home of satellites and gas giants.
A huge number of planetary satellites in the solar system are dead.
The largest asteroid, with a diameter of 950 km, is called Ceres.

The solar system is a system of planets, which includes its center - the Sun, as well as other objects of the Cosmos. They revolve around the sun. Until recently, 9 objects of the Cosmos that revolve around the Sun were called "planet". Now scientists have established that outside the solar system there are planets that revolve around the stars.

In 2006, the Union of Astronomers proclaimed that the planets of the solar system are spherical space objects orbiting the sun. On the scale of the solar system, the Earth appears to be extremely small. In addition to the Earth, eight planets revolve around the Sun in their individual orbits. All of them are larger than the Earth. Rotate in the plane of the ecliptic.

Planets in the solar system: types

The location of the terrestrial group in relation to the Sun

The first planet is Mercury, followed by Venus; followed by our Earth and, finally, Mars.
Terrestrial planets do not have many satellites or moons. Of these four planets, only Earth and Mars have satellites.

The planets that belong to the terrestrial group are distinguished by high density, consist of metal or stone. Basically, they are small and rotate on their own axis. Their rotation speed is also low.

Gas giants

These are four space objects that are at the greatest distance from the Sun: under number 5 is Jupiter, followed by Saturn, then Uranus and Neptune.

Jupiter and Saturn are both impressive planets, composed of compounds of hydrogen and helium. The density of gas planets is low. They rotate at high speed, have satellites and are surrounded by rings of asteroids.
The "ice giants", which include Uranus and Neptune, are smaller; their atmospheres contain methane and carbon monoxide.

Gas giants have a strong gravitational field, so they can attract many space objects, unlike the terrestrial group.

According to scientists, asteroid rings are the remnants of moons changed by the gravitational field of planets.

Dwarf planet

Dwarfs are space objects, the size of which does not reach the planet, but exceeds the dimensions of an asteroid. There are a great many such objects in the solar system. They are concentrated in the region of the Kuiper belt. The satellites of the gas giants are dwarf planets that have left their orbit.

The planets of the solar system: the process of origin

According to the hypothesis of cosmic nebulae, stars are born in clouds of dust and gas, in nebulae.
Due to the force of attraction, substances unite. Under the influence of the concentrated force of gravity, the center of the nebula contracts and stars are formed. Dust and gases are transformed into rings. The rings rotate under the influence of gravity, and planetazimals are formed in the whirlpools, which enlarge and attract cosmetic objects.

Under the influence of the force of gravity, the planetazimals are compressed and acquire spherical outlines. The spheres can merge and gradually turn into protoplanets.

There are eight planets within the solar system. They revolve around the sun. Their location is as follows:
The closest "neighbor" of the Sun is Mercury, followed by Venus, followed by the Earth, followed by Mars and Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and the last, Neptune, are located even further from the Sun.

Until recently, astronomers believed that such a concept as a planet refers exclusively to the solar system. Everything outside of it is unexplored cosmic bodies, most often stars of very large scales. But, as it turned out later, the planets, like peas, are scattered throughout the universe. They are different in their geological and chemical composition, may or may not have an atmosphere, and it all depends on the interaction with the nearest star. The arrangement of the planets in our solar system is unique. It is this factor that is fundamental for the conditions that have formed on each separate space object.

Our space home and its features

In the center of the solar system is the star of the same name, which is included in the category of yellow dwarfs. Its magnetic field is sufficient to hold nine planets of various sizes around its axis. Among them there are dwarf rocky cosmic bodies, immense gas giants that almost reach the parameters of the star itself, and objects of the "middle" class, to which the Earth belongs. The arrangement of the planets in the solar system does not occur in an ascending or descending order. We can say that with respect to the parameters of each individual astronomical body, their location is chaotic, that is, large alternates with small.

SS structure

To consider the arrangement of the planets in our system, it is necessary to take the Sun as a reference point. This star is located in the center of the SS, and it is its magnetic fields that correct the orbits and movements of all surrounding cosmic bodies. Nine planets revolve around the Sun, as well as the asteroid ring, which lies between Mars and Jupiter, and the Kuiper belt, located outside Pluto. Separate dwarf planets are also distinguished in these intervals, which are sometimes attributed to the basic units of the system. Other astronomers believe that all these objects are nothing more than large asteroids, on which life cannot arise under any circumstances. They attribute Pluto itself to this category, leaving only 8 planetary units in our system.

Planet order

So, we will list all the planets, starting with the one closest to the Sun. In the first place are Mercury, Venus, then Earth and Mars. After the Red Planet, a ring of asteroids passes, behind which a parade of giants consisting of gases begins. These are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The list ends with dwarf and icy Pluto, with its equally cold and black moon Charon. As we said above, several more dwarf cosmic units are distinguished in the system. The location of the dwarf planets of this category coincides with the Kuiper belts and asteroids. Ceres is located in an asteroid ring. Makemake, Haumea and Eris are in the Kuiper belt.

Terrestrial planets

This category includes cosmic bodies, which in their composition and parameters have much in common with our home planet. Their bowels are also filled with metals and stone; either a full-fledged atmosphere or a haze that resembles it is formed around the surface. The location of the terrestrial planets is easy to remember, because these are the first four objects that are located directly next to the Sun - Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. Characteristic features are small size, as well as a long period of growth around its axis. Also, of all the terrestrial planets, only the Earth itself and Mars have satellites.

Giants made of gases and hot metals

The location of the planets of the solar system, which are called gas giants, is the most distant from the main star. They are located behind the asteroid ring and extend almost to the Kuiper belt. There are four giants in total - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Each of these planets consists of hydrogen and helium, and in the region of the core are metals heated to a liquid state. All four giants are characterized by incredibly strong gravitational fields. Due to this, they attract numerous satellites to themselves, which form around them almost entire asteroid systems. SS gas balls rotate very quickly, therefore, vortices and hurricanes often occur on them. But, despite all these similarities, it is worth remembering that each of the giants is unique in its composition, and in size, and in the strength of gravity.

Dwarf planets

Since we have already examined in detail the location of the planets from the Sun, we know that Pluto is the farthest, and its orbit is the most gigantic in the SS. It is he who is the most important representative of dwarfs, and only he from this group is the most studied. Dwarfs are those cosmic bodies that are too small for planets, but also large for asteroids. Their structure can be comparable to Mars or Earth, or it can be just rocky, like any asteroid. Above we have listed the most prominent representatives of this group - these are Ceres, Eris, Makemake, Haumea. In fact, dwarfs are found not only in two SS asteroid belts. Often they are called satellites of gas giants, which were attracted to them due to the huge

On March 13, 1781, the English astronomer William Herschel discovered the seventh planet in the solar system - Uranus. And on March 13, 1930, the American astronomer Clyde Tombaugh discovered the ninth planet of the solar system - Pluto. By the beginning of the 21st century, it was believed that the solar system includes nine planets. However, in 2006, the International Astronomical Union decided to strip Pluto of this status.

There are already 60 known natural satellites of Saturn, most of which have been discovered using spacecraft. Most of the satellites are composed of rocks and ice. The largest satellite, Titan, discovered in 1655 by Christian Huygens, is larger than the planet Mercury. The diameter of Titan is about 5200 km. Titan orbits Saturn every 16 days. Titan is the only satellite with a very dense atmosphere, 1.5 times that of Earth, and composed mainly of 90% nitrogen, with a moderate methane content.

The International Astronomical Union officially recognized Pluto as a planet in May 1930. At that time, it was assumed that its mass is comparable to the mass of the Earth, but later it was found that the mass of Pluto is almost 500 times less than that of the Earth, even less than the mass of the Moon. Pluto's mass is 1.2 by 10 to 22 degrees kg (0.22 Earth masses). Pluto's average distance from the Sun is 39.44 AU. (5.9 by 10 to the 12th degree km), the radius is about 1.65 thousand km. The period of revolution around the Sun is 248.6 years, the period of rotation around its axis is 6.4 days. Pluto is believed to be composed of rock and ice; the planet has a thin atmosphere composed of nitrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide. Pluto has three moons: Charon, Hydra and Nikta.

In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, many objects were discovered in the outer solar system. It became apparent that Pluto is only one of the largest known Kuiper belt objects to date. Moreover, at least one of the objects in the belt - Eris - is a larger body than Pluto and 27% heavier than it. In this regard, the idea arose not to consider Pluto more as a planet. On August 24, 2006, at the XXVI General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union (IAU), it was decided to henceforth call Pluto not a "planet", but a "dwarf planet".

At the conference, a new definition of a planet was developed, according to which planets are considered to be bodies orbiting a star (and not being a star themselves), having a hydrostatically equilibrium shape and "clearing" the area in the region of their orbit from other, smaller objects. Dwarf planets will be considered to be objects orbiting a star, having a hydrostatically equilibrium shape, but not "clearing" the nearby space and not being satellites. Planets and dwarf planets are two different classes of objects in the solar system. All other objects orbiting the sun and not being satellites will be called small bodies of the solar system.

Thus, since 2006, there have been eight planets in the solar system: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. Five dwarf planets are officially recognized by the International Astronomical Union: Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, Eris.

On June 11, 2008, the IAU announced the introduction of the concept of "plutoid". Plutoids are decided to call celestial bodies revolving around the Sun in an orbit whose radius is greater than the radius of Neptune's orbit, the mass of which is sufficient for gravitational forces to give them an almost spherical shape, and which do not clear the space around their orbit (that is, many small objects revolve around them ).

Since for such distant objects as plutoids it is still difficult to determine the shape and thus the relation to the class of dwarf planets, scientists have recommended temporarily referring to plutoids all objects whose absolute asteroid magnitude (brightness from a distance of one astronomical unit) is brighter than +1. If it later turns out that the object classified as a plutoid is not a dwarf planet, it will be deprived of this status, although the assigned name will be retained. The dwarf planets Pluto and Eris were classified as plutoids. In July 2008, Makemake was included in this category. Haumea was added to the list on 17 September 2008.

The material was prepared based on information from open sources

Our home in space is the Solar System - a star system made up of eight planets and part of the Milky Way galaxy. In the center is a star named the Sun. The solar system is four and a half billion years old. We live on the third planet from the sun. Do you know about other planets of the solar system ?! Now we will tell you a little about them.

Mercury - the smallest planet in the solar system. Its radius is 2440 km. The period of revolution around the Sun is 88 Earth days. During this time, Mercury manages to complete a revolution around its own axis only one and a half times. A day on Mercury lasts approximately 59 Earth days. The orbit of Mercury is one of the most unstable: there changes not only the speed of movement and its distance from the Sun, but also the position itself. There are no satellites.

Neptune - the eighth planet of the solar system. It is located close enough to Uranus. The radius of the planet is 24547 km. A year on Neptune is 60,190 days, that is, somewhere around 164 Earth years. Has 14 satellites. It has an atmosphere in which the strongest wind was recorded - up to 260 m / s.
By the way, Neptune was discovered not through observation, but through mathematical calculations.

Uranus - the seventh planet in the solar system. Radius - 25267 km. The coldest planet - the surface temperature is -224 degrees. A year on Uranus is equal to 30,685 Earth days, that is, approximately 84 years. Day - 17 hours. Has 27 satellites.

Saturn - the sixth planet of the solar system. The radius of the planet is 57350 km. It is the second largest after Jupiter. A year on Saturn is equal to 10759 days, which is almost 30 Earth years. A day on Saturn is almost equal to a day on Jupiter - 10.5 Earth hours. Most similar to the Sun in the composition of chemical elements.
Has 62 satellites.
The main feature of Saturn is its rings. Their origin has not yet been established.

Jupiter - the fifth planet from the Sun. It is the largest planet in the solar system. The radius of Jupiter is 69912 km. This is 19 times the size of the Earth. A year there lasts as much as 4333 Earth days, that is, almost incomplete 12 years. A day has a duration of about 10 Earth hours.
Jupiter has 67 satellites. The largest of them are Callisto, Ganymede, Io and Europa. Moreover, Ganymede is 8% larger than the size of Mercury, the smallest planet in our system and has an atmosphere.

Mars - the fourth planet of the solar system. Its radius is 3390 km, which is almost half the size of the Earth. A year on Mars is 687 Earth days. Has 2 satellites - Phobos and Deimos.
The atmosphere of the planet is rarefied. The water found in some areas of the surface suggests that some kind of primitive life on Mars was once or even exists now.

Venus - the second planet of the solar system. In terms of mass and radius, it is similar to the Earth. There are no satellites.
The atmosphere of Venus is almost entirely carbon dioxide. The percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is 96%, nitrogen is about 4%. Water vapor and oxygen are also present, but in very small quantities. Due to the fact that this atmosphere creates a greenhouse effect, the temperature on the planet's surface reaches 475 ° C. A day on Venus is equal to 243 Earth days. The year on Venus is 255 days.

Pluto Is a dwarf planet at the borders of the solar system, which is the dominant object in a distant system of 6 small cosmic bodies. The radius of the planet is 1195 km. Pluto's orbital period around the Sun is approximately 248 Earth years. A day on Pluto is equal to 152 hours. The planet's mass is approximately 0.0025 Earth's mass.
It is noteworthy that Pluto was excluded from the category of planets in 2006 due to the fact that there are objects in the Kuiper belt that are larger or equal in size to Pluto, which is why, even if it is taken for a full-fledged planet, then in this case it is necessary add Eris to this category - she is almost the same size as Pluto.