Ending. The meaning of the word “ending” What is the ending in a word

Schoolchildren very often have questions about how to distinguish words without endings from words with zero endings. The confusion with this comes from a lack of understanding of what an ending is and what role it plays. And this question is both simple and complex. Simple because the understanding of this linguistic term is absolutely accessible to the student. And it is complicated because its study requires knowledge of what a word change is, how a word differs from a word form, and therefore, ultimately, knowledge of what the grammatical meaning of a word is.

What is ending

So, let's start with the fact that there are words with endings and words without endings. Examples of words with endings: house-a, cat-a, dad-a, well-a, window-u, beauty-s, earth-e, yam-ah. Examples of words without endings: tasty, fun, not, for, hoping, working.

The first group of words ends in sounds or combinations of sounds that change if the form of the word is changed: houses (houses), cat-u, dad-oh, window-a, beauty-oh, earth-yah, yam-e. More precisely, precisely because the ending changes, the form of the word changes. If the word “cat” has an -a at the end, then we will understand that we are talking about one cat: “A fat cat is sitting on the fence.” If at the end of the word -i, then, depending on the context, we can talk, for example, about the absence of a cat: “There is no longer a fat cat on the fence,” or about several cats: “All cats love to sit on fences.” In the above sentences we used three forms of the same word “cat”: in the nominative singular (the cat sits), in the genitive singular (there is no cat) and in the nominative plural (cats love).

We can also, for example, change the word “world”: world-a, world-e, world-ohm, world-y.

Grammatical and lexical meaning of the word

Let us note that this is exactly the same word, since we are talking about the same phenomenon of reality, which is characterized in the same way. If we wanted to characterize this phenomenon differently, we would use the possibilities of numerous affixes of the Russian language: cat, koshunya, koshulya, koshusya, koshandra... By adding emotion, assessment to the word, we formed a new word: cat and koshusya are different words, not forms of the same word. These words have different lexical, but the same grammatical meaning: nominative case, singular. We can form other forms of these words: cats, koshusei. These are different words in the same form, that is, their lexical meanings are different (with the word “cat” we neutrally indicate an animal, and with the word “koshu” we affectionately call it), but their grammatical meanings are the same (genitive case, plural).

We can do the same with the word “world”. Forms of the same word: house-a, house-u, house-ohm, house-ami, house-ah. Words derived from it with a different meaning (the same meaning plus an expression of our relationship or clarification of size): house-ik, house-in-a, house-ish-e.

Word-forming and form-building morphemes

As you can see, the lexical meaning here is changed by the suffix, and the grammatical meaning by the ending. But this does not mean that a suffix can only change its lexical meaning. For example, in the word “god-l-a” the suffix -l- is a past tense suffix of the verb “godit”, that is, it does not form a new word, but forms its form.

Thus, there are parts of the word with the help of which new words are formed - these are word-forming morphemes, and those with the help of which the forms of the word are changed - these are form-forming morphemes. The ending (inflection) is a formative morpheme.

What words can have an ending?

From here we can draw the following logical conclusion. If the ending is a formative morpheme, that is, a part of a word that changes its forms, then it can only be in those words that change. Going through a random series of words in search of words with endings is irrational. They need to be looked for among words of certain categories, namely, among certain parts of speech. Let's say that nouns are mostly inflected, which means they have endings.

Words without ending. Examples

However, there are words that do not change their form. This means that these are words without ending. Examples need to be looked for among words of certain grammatical groups. For example, these are adverbs. As you know, this is an unchangeable part of speech, which means that adverbs have no endings: cheerfully, patiently, resourcefully (the dog ran after us cheerfully; the mother listened patiently to her daughter; in arguments, this man always dodged resourcefully).

Adverbs should be distinguished from short forms of neuter adjectives: “This sentence was resourceful and witty.” Here the final -o is a neuter and singular ending.

Checking for ending

It is easy to prove that in short adjectives -o is the ending. The word needs to be changed: “This remark was resourceful and witty.” The final -o has been replaced by the final -a, which indicates the feminine gender. The adjective has changed its form to agree in gender with the noun.

Accordingly, there is only one way to define words without endings. If it is impossible to form the forms of a word, then the word does not have an ending.

Zero ending

Words with a zero ending are just as easy to “compute.” The rule here is simple: if a word has forms (changes), and in place of a “silent” ending there appears an ending expressed by sounds, then the visible lack of inflection is a zero ending.

Let's say the word "world" ends with a root consonant R, after which nothing sounds in the word. However, it is worth changing this word: worlds, worlds, worlds, worlds, as we see that after the root a sound ending appears. This means that its absence in the nominative singular is imaginary; in fact, instead of pronounced sounds, there is an empty window, an empty cell that can be filled at any moment. Moreover, it is precisely because it is not filled in that we determine case and number. This is an example of a minus sign. The muteness of the ending in this case is no less significant than its specific sound.

There are many examples of such significant absences in life. For example, a sign with its name may be lit above the entrance of a cafe during business hours. Then, if the lights are not lit (silent), for potential visitors this means that the cafe is closed. If the green light of a traffic light is not on, this does not mean that it does not exist at all, its “silence” is significant.

A dash or omission where the price is indicated in a restaurant may mean that the specified dish is not in stock.

If you enter home and shout: “Who’s home?”, then silence will be a sign to you that the family is not yet there. A dark window can indicate the same thing.

Zero ending and no ending

Thus, the zero ending is a kind of "off" morpheme. It was turned off in order to express a certain meaning through its “silence.” In the words “arm-(-)”, “leg-(-)”, “head-(-)”, “cloud-(-)” this empty, “non-burning” window means the genitive plural. In the verbs “walked-(-)”, “spoke-(-)”, “sang-(-)” - the masculine singular. All these word forms have an ending, but it is expressed by a zero sound.

Therefore, it would be incorrect to say, for example, that “ruk” is a word without a suffix and ending. There really is no suffix here, but there is an ending. The sound of a word ends with the sound “k”, and its composition, actual boundaries, end with a morpheme expressed by a zero sound.

The absence of an ending, in contrast to the presence of a zero, is a place beyond the boundaries of the word. It is not opposed to the "included" ending, since the grammatical nature of this word does not imply an ending at all. Well, fearfully, under, with, going deeper - these are all examples of words without endings.

Thus, during the morphemic analysis of a word, it is necessary to distinguish words without an ending from words with a zero ending. Variable lexical units will have an ending, even if expressed by a zero sound, and the composition of unchangeable words does not imply an ending, including a zero sound.

Instructions

If you have difficulty identifying the ending, change the form of the word and identify the part that changes. This will be the end. For example, you need to highlight the ending of the word “table”. Try changing its shape: "table", "table", " ", etc. Note that the change occurs just after the root. We can conclude that the ending of the word “table” is zero.

Zero endings are parts of a word that are not expressed by sounds. As a rule, they occur on nouns in the masculine nominative form of the first declension or in the third declension.

If you need to determine the personal endings of verbs, pay attention to which conjugation it belongs to. So, in “reads” the ending will be “et”, since it refers to the first conjugation.

Learn to distinguish between the endings of verbs of the imperative and indicative moods. The sound in them may be the same, but the parts of the word are different. Notice the verb "shout". It is used in the imperative mood. Change the form and you will be able to see that the ending in the word "shout" is "and". This means that in the verb “shout” there is “those”.

Notice the sentence “When you shout, let me know.” In it, the verb “kriknete” is used in the indicative mood. If you change the form of the word, you will see that the ending will be "ete".

When determining the ending of adjectives or participles, you can ask an auxiliary question or find out case, gender and number. For example, in an adjective, the “strong” ending is “ym”, since it refers to the masculine gender, singular, instrumental case.

If you are determining the case ending of a noun, find out in what case and declension it is used. The noun “in the village” will have an “e” ending, since the word belongs to the first declension, the prepositional case.

Sources:

• What is an ending as part of a word?

Words can be divided into smaller meaningful units called morphemes. In independent changeable words, the base (“reading”, “evening”, “muffler”, “about”) and the ending (“house-a”, “beautiful”, “bereg-u”) are distinguished, and in unchangeable words only the basis.

Instructions

The stem is a part of the word being modified without an ending. For example, in the word “tree-o” - “tree-” will be the base, and “-o” will be the ending. "Tree - tree - tree." The basis of a word is its lexical meaning, which is given in explanatory dictionaries. There are two types of stems: derivatives and non-derivatives. Derivatives can include suffixes and prefixes in addition to the root, while non-derivatives consist only of the root.

In grammar there is a concept of ending. It is “physically” absent from the word being modified (in the form of letters and sounds), but even its absence carries certain information about the form of the word and its grammatical meanings. For example: “stupid – stupid” (short masculine singular); “bought-a – bought” (past tense of a masculine singular verb).

Read it. Do you understand what idea is expressed in this sentence?

Daughter_listening_mom_.

Let's add parts to the words.

Daughter A listening no mom at.

Daughter at listening no mom A.

Daughter And listening ut mom at.

This part of the word that contributed its meaning is called the ending.

In order to connect words with each other in speech, we change their.

The part of the word that changes is this is the ending.

The ending is usually found at the end of the word after the root or suffix. It is distinguished by an icon that looks like a rectangular frame.

So, ending- this is a variable part of a word, with the help of which words are associated with each other.

Since the ending is the variable part of the word, the word needs to be changed.

Let's take the floor table.

It can be changed by numbers and by question commands (cases). We will highlight the part of the word that has changed.

In a word table the ending is first “invisible” and then appears; highlight the “invisible” ending with an empty frame. He is called zero ending.

So, to find the ending, the word needs to be changed by numbers or by the command of one or two questions.

Let's find the endings in the words: house, big, painted. To do this, let's change the words by numbers and by command of one or two questions.

We changed the words. In variations of the same word, only the endings are different, other parts are the same. The meaning conveyed by the ending is said to be: ending value.

For example, let's read words with a plural meaning. ( Houses, houses, big, paint, paint). The endings -a, -ov, -ie, -yat, -im indicated it.

Scientists named the meaning of the ending grammatical(from the Greek “gram” - “letter”)

Imagine that you are sculpting from plasticine. You can first make one figure from one piece, and then crush it and mold another. In your hands, a piece of plasticine changed its shape every time form.

We do the same with words when we use them in speech. The word can change, or, as scientists say, change your shape.

Every change in a word is its form. Forms of the same word often differ endings.

Let's look at the words: paint, paint, repaint, paint.

Are these changes to one word or different words?

The ending of the words is the same - -ish.

These words differ in their basics. These are different words.

The part of a word without an ending is called the stem of the word. The base is separated from the ending on the letter by an icon.

The word will help you understand this name (base) basic.

Each word has its own meaning, its own meaning. It is stored primarily in root. The meaning of the root can be supplemented by the meaning of prefixes and suffixes.

The meaning of the word is basic, which distinguishes it from other words. Therefore, that part of it that conveys meaning is called basis words.

The meaning of a word, which is conveyed by its stem, is called: meaning of stem words. Scientists called the meaning of the base lexical(from the Greek “lexis” - “word, speech”).

Let's compare the words. Which column contains different words, and which column contains changes in the form of one word?

1. birch

on a birch

under the birch

birch trees

2. birch

birch forest

birch

boletus

In the first column, the words differ in endings.

The basis of the words is the same (berez-).

When the endings are different, they are forms of the same word.

In the second column, the words have different stems (birch-, birch-, birch-, boletus-).

When words have different stems, they are different words.

These words have the same root, since they have the same root (-birch-) and the words are close in meaning.

Initial form of the word:

Read the text and find the forms of one word.

The crane is the tallest bird. The legs are long, the neck is long. The nose is long too. And the voice is loud - you can hear it three kilometers away.(According to N. Sladkov)

length s(which?)

length and I(which?)

length th(Which?)

These are forms of one word, since the endings are different.

One of the forms of the word is initial.

Every word has a first initial form, from which its changes begin. The word is usually named after it.

The initial form of the adjective answers the question which?

Which? - long, stentorian. These adjectives are in the initial form.

The initial form of a noun is the singular form. numbers that answer the questions who? or what? There are never any excuses with her.

Who? - crane, bird, what? - neck, nose, voice

The initial form of the verb answers the question: what to do? or what to do? To put a verb into its initial form, you need to execute the command of one of these questions.

What to do? - hear.

We put the words in the initial form:

Let's put the words in their initial form. First, let's ask a question and determine the part of speech.

Behind the porch - behind what?, noun, what? - porch.

Blue - which one?, adj. name, which one? - blue.

Invents - what does he do?, verb, what to do? - invent.

Will come up with - what will he do?, verb, what to do? - come up with.

You might be interested to know that not all words have endings.

For example, nouns that do not change have no endings: subway, coat, cinema, piano, highway and others.

Verbs in the initial form do not have endings. What to do? jump, carry, bake. What to do? write, bring, bake.

And other words that you will become familiar with in high school.

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Preparation for Russian language exams:

It is not for nothing that the Russian language is said to be the richest and most beautiful, but at the same time the most complex in the world. In no other language in the world does there exist such a huge number of rules and exceptions to them, and not one of them can boast of such a wide variety of not only words, but also their forms that can be formed if, for example, a noun is declined by case, or conjugate verbs. Endings are especially difficult because they connect all the words in a sentence into a single whole. Determining the null ending can also cause problems. We will try to understand in more detail what a zero ending is in this article.

What does ending represent?

An ending is one of the morphemes that indicates the connection of this word with other words in one phrase or in a sentence. The ending is most often found at the end of the sentence, but there are some exceptions. We will touch on them a little later. Endings, unlike other morphemes, do not affect the meaning of the word, since they are not word-forming. It is thanks to him that one can determine the gender, case, number and person of a given word. For example, in the word “mainland” the ending -a indicates that this word is singular, genitive and masculine, and in the word “thinks” the ending -et indicates that this construction is third person singular.

Cases when the ending is not at the very end of the word

Some people may have difficulty determining the ending because they are sure that it must be at the end of the word. Cases in which the ending may be in the middle of a word:

If there is a postfix in a word, the ending will be placed before it. For example: cleaning up, someone, SOMETHING, let's go.

In complex cardinal numbers, the ending is present both in the middle of the word and at the end, that is, the ending will be after each stem. For example: fiftyØtenØ, fourhundred. However, you should not confuse ordinal numbers or adjectives that are derived from them. For example: fiftieth, four hundred, thirty-five thousand, eight-story, three-year, first-class, heptagonal.

Grammatical meanings of endings

Endings are a very significant morpheme because they completely influence the lexical meaning of the word and the entire sentence as a whole. After all, sometimes the easiest way to identify foreigners among a crowd of people is precisely because the correct use of endings in words is very difficult for them.

All endings in words can indicate the following grammatical meanings:

Number, gender and case for such parts of speech as, for example, (for example: canvas - ending -o indicates that the word is in the nominative case, it is also singular and neuter); adjective (for example: clean canvas - the ending -о indicates the singular, neuter gender and nominative case); participle (for example: washed linen - the ending -о also says that we have a word in the singular, in the nominative case and neuter gender); some pronouns (for example: your canvas - the ending -е also indicates a word in the singular, nominative case and neuter) and some numerals (for example: one canvas - the ending -о indicates a word in the singular neuter and the nominative case) ;

Only case for some pronouns (for example: there is no something - the ending -о speaks of the genitive case) and parts of numerals (there are no seven - the ending -i says that this word is in the genitive case);

Only persons and numbers for verbs in the future and present tense (for example: I am writing - a first person singular verb);

Only numbers and gender for verbs in the past tense (for example: spoke - a feminine and singular verb).

What is null ending?

Also, some difficulties may arise when determining the ending if it is zero. In order to easily identify it in a word, you need to understand what a zero ending is. Words with similar endings are often confused with words without any endings at all.

The zero ending of a word is an ending that is not expressed either by letters or sounds. that this type of ending is not expressed materially in any way, when analyzing the morphological structure of a word, it is imperative to designate it in the form of an empty square.

Types of words with zero endings

The following types of words have a zero ending in Russian:

First person nouns in genitive and plural. For example: birds, seals, cows, pets.

Qualitative adjectives, as well as participles in the short form of the singular masculine, for example: resourceful, individual, inclined, magnificent, detained, armed.

The zero ending of masculine nouns of the second type, as well as feminine nouns in the third declension. For example: cockroach, parkan, felt, oven, speech, night.

Possessive adjectives in the form For example: fatherØ, motherØ, cowØ, foxØ, SerezhinØ.

Singular verbs in the imperative mood. For example: teach, watch, help, translate, ask.

Verbs in the subjunctive and indicative mood in the masculine gender in the past tense and in the presence of the singular. For example: spokeØ - would speakØ, listenØ - listenØ would, voteØ - voteØ would, askØ - askØ would.

People often confuse words with zero endings with words that have no endings at all. To understand all the differences, let's consider which words have no ending at all.

Words that have no ending at all

The following unchangeable words and groups of words do not have an ending:

Indeclinable nouns, for example: taxi, coffee, auto, coat;

Indeclinable adjectives, for example: Bordeaux, khaki, marengo, netto, baroque, Esperanto, pleated;

Possessive pronouns that indicate belonging to a third party, for example: their, her, his;

All adverbs, since an adverb is an unchanging part of speech and, by definition, no longer has an ending, for example: bad, sad, noticeable, unclear, confused, colored, altered;

Words in comparative form, for example: stronger, smarter, faster, clearer, more beautiful, sadder, more majestic;

All participles, since this part of speech took its indeclinability from the adverb and, like the adverb, cannot have an ending, for example: having read, washed, understood, read, remembered, remembered, parsed, realized;

All auxiliary parts of speech, for example: so that, if, not, nor, despite the fact that, only, barely, just, without, over, under, in;

Interjections, for example: well, yes, yes, fathers, uh, ah, slap, bang, bang, those times;

The initial form of the verb in the case where -т and -ти is perceived as a suffix, for example: eat, accept, feel, understand, respect, worry, act.

Also, during morphological analysis, words that do not have endings at all should not be marked in writing with an empty square. One rule will help you easily distinguish words without endings from zero endings. Words without an ending are unchangeable, unlike words with a zero ending.

How to determine the ending?

To determine the ending in any word, it is enough to simply inflect it by case. That part of the word that will change is it. This is how it is easy to identify the zero ending. Examples of words with this ending, as well as words that do not have it at all, are presented in the following table:

In this example, it is noticeable how easily you can define this morpheme in words. Since the word “plisse” is not declined according to cases, it is a word without an ending, and in the word “mirror” only the root and zero ending are represented, because this is a noun in and in the genitive case.

Morphemes with which the null ending interacts

In most of the examples considered, the most common words are words that use only a root and a zero ending among their morphemes. All other morphemes can be combined with a similar ending. For example, words that have a prefix, root, zero ending: story, transition, departure, exit, swim. There are also words, during morphemic analysis of which you can see a prefix, root, suffix and zero ending. For example: teenager, put, predicted, timed. Very often words are used that simultaneously contain a postfix and a zero ending in the Russian language. For example: put on makeup, cheer up, sit down, help, imagine, armed.

Soft sign in morphemic analysis

Please note that a soft sign cannot be the end of a word. This sign does not indicate any sound, but only indicates the softness of the consonant that precedes it. If a word ends in a soft sign, then it should be considered to have a zero ending. However, this rule does not apply to immutable words. For example, despite the fact that in the designs just, away, gallop there is a soft sign at the end; these words should not be counted with a zero ending. They are immutable and have no endings at all.

Features of morphemic analysis of a word

The ending is the only part of a word that changes. All other morphemes together form its basis. In morphemic analysis, it is perhaps easiest to identify the ending in a word, since for this it is enough to only slightly modify the word.

Minor difficulties that could arise in correctly determining the ending are to distinguish between words that have a zero ending, as well as words without any ending at all. Since in this article it was clarified what a zero ending is, then this morpheme will not pose any difficulties during analysis.

In most concepts, a morpheme is considered an abstract linguistic unit. The specific implementation of a morpheme in a text is called morphois or (more often) morph.

Moreover, morphs representing the same morpheme may have different phonetic appearance depending on their environment within the word form. A set of morphs of one morpheme that have the same phonemic composition is called allomorph.

Variation in the expression plan of a morpheme forces some theorists (namely, I. A. Melchuk and N. V. Pertsov) to conclude that a morpheme is not a sign, but a class of signs.

Thus, in the works of N.V. Pertsov it is stated that “in everyday life, even among specialists in morphology, the term “morpheme” is often used in the meaning morph” and that “sometimes such indistinction in word usage even penetrates into published scientific texts.” N.V. Pertsov believes that “one should be careful in this regard, although in the vast majority of cases it is clear from the context what kind of entity - a concrete text morph or an abstract linguistic morpheme - is being discussed.”

Classification of morphemes

Roots and affixes

Morphemes are classified into two main types - root (roots) And affixal (affixes) .

Root- the main significant part of the word. The root is an obligatory part of any word - there are no words without a root (except for rare secondary formations with a lost root, such as the Russian “you-nu-t (prefix-suffix-ending)”). Root morphemes can form a word either accompanied by affixes or independently.

Affix- an auxiliary part of a word, attached to the root and used for word formation and expression of grammatical meanings. Affixes cannot form a word on their own - only in combination with roots. Affixes, unlike some roots (such as cockatoo), are not isolated, occurring only in one word.

Classification of affixes

Affixes are divided into types depending on their position in the word. The most common types of affixes in the world's languages ​​are: prefixes, located in front of the root, and postfixes, located after the root. The traditional name of the Russian language prefixes is consoles. The prefix clarifies the meaning of the root, conveys the lexical meaning, and sometimes expresses the grammatical meaning (for example, the aspect of verbs).

Depending on the meaning expressed, postfixes are divided into suffixes(having a derivational, that is, word-formative meaning) and inflections(having a relational, that is, indicating a connection with other members of the sentence, meaning). The suffix conveys both lexical and (more often) grammatical meaning; can translate a word from one part of speech to another (transposing function). Inflections are word-modifying affixes. The traditional name for inflections in the Russian language is graduation, since they are mainly located at the very end of words.

There are languages ​​(Turkic, Finno-Ugric) in which there are no prefixes, and all grammatical relations are expressed by postfixes. Some other languages ​​- for example, Swahili of the Bantu family, (Central Africa) - use prefixes and almost no postfixes. In the Indo-European languages, to which the Russian language belongs, both prefixes and postfixes are used, but with a clear advantage towards the latter.

In addition to prefixes and postfixes, there are other types of affixes:

• interfixes- service morphemes that do not have their own meaning, but serve to connect roots in complex words (for example, forehead- O-shaked);
• confixes- combinations of prefix and postfix, which always act together, surrounding the root (as, for example, in the German word ge-lob- t - “praised”);
• infixes- affixes inserted into the middle of the root; serve to express a new grammatical meaning; found in many Austronesian languages ​​(such as Tagalog: sumulat"to write", cf. sulat"letter");
• transfixes- affixes, which, breaking the root, consisting of only consonants, themselves break and serve as a “layer” of vowels among the consonants, determining the grammatical meaning of the word (found in Semitic languages, in particular in Arabic). There are very few vowels in Arabic, there are only 3 of them, since the language is consonantal:

Literature

• A. A. Reformatsky. Introduction to linguistics
• Modern Russian language (edited by V. A. Beloshapkova)

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

See what “End” is in other dictionaries:

END, endings, Wed. (book). 1. Completion, the end of something. End of work. He left without waiting for the performance to end. 2. The final part of a literary work. The ending of the novel is in the next book of the magazine. The ending follows... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Cm … Synonym dictionary

Ending- the final part of a work printed in an issue (number, volume) of a serial publication, which was published in parts in several (many) issues (numbers, volumes) of this publication. On the page where O. begins, in a footnote or before the main. text... ... Publishing dictionary-reference book

ending- ENDING, consummation, completion, end, ending FINAL, final, last, book. definitive END / END, come to an end / come to an end, come to an end / come to an end, end / end, end / end,... ... Dictionary-thesaurus of synonyms of Russian speech

In the verse see clause...

Same as flexion... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

ENDING, I, Wed. 1. see finish, sya. 2. The end, the final part of something. Prosperous Fr. stories. O. novel in the next issue of the magazine. 3. In grammar: the same as inflection. Case o. Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949… … Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

ending- radio channel The physical location of the radio equipment antenna (ITU R F.1399). Topics: telecommunications, basic concepts Synonyms of radio channel EN radio termination ... Technical Translator's Guide

ENDING- (termination). The part of a word added to the stem when the word is grammatically modified, in both Latin and Greek... Terms of botanical nomenclature

ending- wait for the end modality, wait wait for the end continuation, modality, wait wait for the end modality, wait wait for the end modality, wait for the end follows the subject, approaching / moving away (not)… … Verbal compatibility of non-objective names

Noun, s., used. compare often Morphology: (no) what? endings, what? ending, (see) what? ending with what? ending, about what? about completion; pl. What? ending, (no) what? endings, what? endings, (see) what? endings, what? endings, oh... Dmitriev's Explanatory Dictionary

Books

• End of time. The future of humanity. Conversations with David Bohm, Krishnamurti Jiddu, Bom David. Jiddu Krishnamurti (1895-1986) is one of the most prominent spiritual teachers of the 20th century, a man who abandoned the role of the messiah out of love for truth, which he called “a country without roads.” David Bohm...