Kirill Solovyov: "Atlas" of the revolution and "rules of the game" in politics. Kirill Solovyov - Master of the Russian land? Autocracy and bureaucracy in the modern era State awards, honorary titles, thanks

for welding 20.06.2022

In recent years, a number of works have been published on the pre-revolutionary history of Russia, which clearly showed how in the eyes of contemporaries - people of different ideological and political views - the country, the life of its cities, was changing, and the life of the capital and provincial acquired new shades. Perhaps this can be called one of the most important trends in the current understanding of the Great Russian Revolution - the desire to restore the context of the revolutionary crisis, to peer into the changing everyday life of Russia, which was on the verge of great upheavals.

It is clear that it seemed interesting to us, historians, to translate these processes of change into a concrete conversation, supported by statistical information that had accumulated back then, at the beginning of the 20th century. Moreover, it seemed important to us, for particular clarity, to try to map the results of these processes, visualizing quantitative information as much as possible for its subsequent qualitative interpretation. And do it in the form of maps, diagrams, diagrams... And, if possible, use the genre of infographics, which, by the way, was already being done then and is not a new invention of the computer era. It is no coincidence that we called the publication “Russia on the Eve of Great Upheavals. Socio-economic atlas 1906-1914. I emphasize: it is an atlas. This form of presentation of information - an atlas of political history - gave us the opportunity to show Russia in all the originality of its regions, with different rates of their development.

And this diversity of the resulting picture turned out to be extremely important in order to understand what the country was like at the beginning of the “century of wars and revolutions”, and how exactly the “speed difference” in its development influenced the level of stability in society and the tasks of public administration on a global scale. all empires.

And yet, it was important for us to use the statistics that, as a rule, researchers did not use. And this is a most interesting set of materials that deserves to be introduced into scientific circulation - appendices to the verbatim reports of the State Duma. It contains explanatory notes to bills, the texts of which are very informative. In general, the level of work of all the structures that served the then Russian parliament, and the quality of information processing, were very high, as evidenced by these little-known sources. The information obtained from them clearly shows how the social environment and the sphere of demography were changing, how the economy and political life were developing on the eve of the revolution. In our science, these changes have not yet been fully studied in detail.

All this wealth of information, of course, does not remove the question of the causes of the revolution, but puts it on a fundamentally new plane. Historians can no longer get off with routine phrases about the "systemic crisis" experienced by the country. And the term “crisis” itself, as applied to that situation, needs to be deciphered. In order not to get, as is often the case in our historiography, a picture of “forcing clouds” and the concentration of some kind of “evil”, which eventually destroyed the former Russia. It must be taken into account that a crisis can have a lot of forms of manifestation, have its own specifics and, moreover, be a stage in the process of development, the formation of a new one, without ending at all with a “fatal outcome” for the previous phase of development. At the same time, a crisis is always a challenge, and the fate of society depends on whether it accepts this challenge or not.

Since the time of the Great French Revolution and Tocqueville’s comprehension of it, it has become clear that revolutions do not occur at all when the situation in society is constantly deteriorating, but when a temporary upsurge is followed by a recession, which, in contrast, is especially painfully perceived by contemporaries. This regularity, as applied to Russia, requires more in-depth, substantive research. In this direction, the comprehension of the revolutionary era works - through the statistical justification of the patterns of society's entry into it. As for the actual political history of the Revolution, one should note the productivity of interest in such topics as changing the political culture of society, changing the "rules of the game" in politics, and transforming political institutions...

The International Conference “The Great Russian Revolution of 1917: One Hundred Years of Study”, which took place in October at the IRI RAS, clearly showed the productivity of the emerging trend towards a kind of “new objectivity” and once again confirmed that new knowledge appears only when new questions are raised.

, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Chief Researcher at the Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Works at IRI RAS since 2012.

JOB TITLE

Chief Researcher

ACADEMIC DEGREE

Doctor of Historical Sciences (2012)

TOPICS OF DISSERTATIONS:

Candidate:"Organization "Conversation" in the socio-political process in Russia in 1899 - 1905." (2004)

Doctorate: " Legislative and executive power in Russia in 1906 - 1914: mechanisms of interaction" (2012)

AREA OF SCIENTIFIC INTERESTS:

Political history of Russia in the 19th - early 20th centuries, the history of representative power, the history of bureaucracy, the history of political parties.

Personal pages:

TEACHING ACTIVITIES:

  • Professor of the Department of History and Theory of Historical Science, Faculty of History, Political Science and Law, Russian State University for the Humanities;
  • Professor, Department of Theory of Law and Comparative Law, Faculty of Law, Higher School of Economics

AWARDS AND PRIZES:

  • Laureate of the youth award in memory of Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna Makariy (Bulgakov) in the nomination "History of Russia" (2013).
  • Laureate of the Prize of the Russian Historical Society dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation and the Constitution of the Russian Federation (diploma of the 1st degree) (2013)

MAIN PUBLICATIONS:

Monographs:

  • Solovyov K.A. The history of the activities of the first State Dumas of pre-revolutionary Russia: a comparative analysis of the traditions of lawmaking. M.: Publication of the State Duma, 2013. 240 p. (15 p.l.). (co-authored with V.V. Shelokhaev).
  • Solovyov K.A. Legislative and executive power in Russia: mechanisms of interaction (1906–1914). M.: ROSSPEN, 2011. 512 p. (32 p.l.)
  • Solovyov K.A. The history of the activities of the first State Dumas of pre-revolutionary Russia: a comparative analysis of the traditions of lawmaking. M., 2013. 240 p. (15 pp) (co-authored with Shelokhaev V.V.).
  • Solovyov K.A. P.A. Stolypin: personality and reforms. Kaliningrad: Terra Baltica, 2007. 128 p. (3 p. l.) (co-authored with Mogilevsky K.I.).
  • Solovyov K.A. P.A. Stolypin. Name Russia. Historical choice 2008. Moscow: Astrel, 2008. 128 p. (6.7 p. l.) (co-authored with Mogilevsky K.I.).
  • Solovyov K.A. Circle "Conversation": In search of a new political reality / Otv. ed. V.V. Shelokhaev. M.: ROSSPEN, 2009. 287 p. (18 p. l.)
  • Solovyov K.A. P.A. Stolypin: personality and reforms. 3rd ed., revised. and additional M.: ROSSPEN, 2011. 143 p. (4.2 p.l.) (co-authored with K.I. Mogilevsky).

Source publications

  • Solovyov K.A. (ed.) P.A. Stolypin. Biochronika / Comp. K.A. Solovyov. Under total ed. P.A. Pozhigailo. M.: ROSSPEN, 2006. 376 p. (23.5 p.l.)
  • Solovyov K.A. (ed.) P.A. Stolypin through the eyes of his contemporaries / Comp. K.A. Solovyov. Under total ed. P.A. Pozhigailo. M.: ROSSPEN, 2008. 367 p. (23 p.l.)
  • Solovyov K.A. (publ., introductory article, commentary) On the nature of the state system in Russia (from the notes of S.E. Kryzhanovsky in 1926) // Questions of history. 2008. No. 3. S. 3-32.; Questions of history. 2008. No. 4. S. 3-32; Questions of history. No. 5. S. 3-29; Questions of history. No. 6. S. 3-25. (10 pp) (co-authored with Mogilevsky K.I.). The magazine was founded in 1926. It is published 12 times a year.
  • Solovyov K.A. (ed.) Pyotr Stolypin about Russia. M.: RIPOL classic, 2010. 336 p. (10, 5 pp) (co-authored with K.I. Mogilevsky).
  • Solovyov K.A. (compiled, author of the introductory article, commentary). Pavel Ivanovich Novgorodtsev. Selected works / Comp., author introd. Art. and comment. K. A. Soloviev. Editorial Board: L.A. Openkin (chairman), I.N. Danilevsky, A.B. Kamensky, N.I. Kanishcheva (responsible secretary), A.N. Medushevsky, Yu.S. Pivovarov, A.K. Sorokin, V.V. Shelokhaev (co-chairman). M.: ROSSPEN, 2010. 960 p. (60 p.l.).
  • Solovyov K.A. (compiled, author of the introductory article, commentary). Sergei Andreevich Kotlyarevsky. Selected works / Comp., author introd. Art. and comment. K. A. Soloviev. Editorial Board: L.A. Openkin (chairman), I.N. Danilevsky, A.B. Kamensky, N.I. Kanishcheva (responsible secretary), A.N. Medushevsky, Yu.S. Pivovarov, A.K. Sorokin, V.V. Shelokhaev (co-chairman). M.: ROSSPEN, 2010. 704 p. (44 p.l.).
  • Solovyov K.A. (compiled, author of the introductory article, commentary). Georgy Petrovich Fedotov. Selected works / Comp., author introd. Art. and comment. K. A. Soloviev. Editorial Board: L.A. Openkin (chairman), I.N. Danilevsky, A.B. Kamensky, N.I. Kanishcheva (responsible secretary), A.N. Medushevsky, Yu.S. Pivovarov, A.K. Sorokin, V.V. Shelokhaev (co-chairman). M.: ROSSPEN, 2010. 768 p. (48 p.l.).
  • Solovyov K.A. (compiled, author of the introductory article, commentary). Fyodor Avgustovich Stepun. Selected works / Comp., author introd. Art. and comment. K. A. Soloviev. Editorial Board: L.A. Openkin (chairman), I.N. Danilevsky, A.B. Kamensky, N.I. Kanishcheva (responsible secretary), A.N. Medushevsky, Yu.S. Pivovarov, A.K. Sorokin, V.V. Shelokhaev (co-chairman). M.: ROSSPEN, 2010. 672 p. (42 p.l.).
  • Solovyov K.A. (compiled, author of the introductory article, commentary). Nikolay Ivanovich Kareev. Selected works / Comp., author introd. Art. and comment. K. A. Soloviev. Editorial Board: L.A. Openkin (chairman), I.N. Danilevsky, A.B. Kamensky, N.I. Kanishcheva (responsible secretary), A.N. Medushevsky, Yu.S. Pivovarov, A.K. Sorokin, V.V. Shelokhaev (co-chairman). M.: ROSSPEN, 2010. 598 p. (37.5 p.l.).
  • Solovyov K.A. (compiled, author's preface and commentary) Kireev A.A. Diary, 1905-1910 / Compiled, author of intro. Art. and comment. K. A. Soloviev. . M.: ROSSPEN, 2010. 471 p. (29.5 p.l.)

Articles in magazines

  • Solovyov K.A. Library of national social thought // Historical archive. 2013. No. 1. S. 181–185.
  • Solovyov K.A. Without populist glasses // Otechestvennye zapiski. 2013. No. 3 (54). pp. 254–258.
  • Solovyov K.A. Legislative process and representative system in 1906-1911. // Russian history. 2012. No. 2. P. 37–51.
  • Solovyov K.A. Public Thought in Russia: New Approaches // Russian History. 2012. No. 3. S. 197–201.
  • Solovyov K.A. Special journals of the Council of Ministers as a historical source // Bulletin of the Russian Humanitarian Scientific Fund. 2012. No. 1 (99). pp. 271–281.
  • Solovyov K.A. Personality and activity of P.A. Stolypin as a historiographic problem // Questions of history. 2012. No. 10. P. 157–167. (co-authored by K.I. Mogilevsky and V.V. Shelokhaev).
  • Solovyov K.A. Public man Sigma // Motherland. 2011. No. 10. P. 115–120 (1 pp.) (co-authored with A.V. Repnikov).
  • Solovyov K.A. The State Duma of the Russian Empire: the problem of deputy discipline and lawmaking // Bulletin of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. Series: History of Russia. 2011. No. 4. P. 15 - 26 (0.5 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. “I resemble an old raccoon coat…”: Ivan Goremykin - Prime Minister of Russia // Motherland. 2012. No. 2. P. 81-84 (0.6 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Legislative process and representative system in 1906-1911. // Russian history. 2012. No. 2. P. 37–51 (1.6 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. pressure and influence. Cabinet of Pyotr Stolypin // Motherland. 2012. No. 4. P. 22–23 (0.5 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Public Thought in Russia: New Approaches // Russian History. 2012. No. 3. S. 197–201 (0.5 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Special journals of the Council of Ministers as a historical source // Bulletin of the Russian Humanitarian Scientific Fund. 2012. No. 1 (99). pp. 271–281 (1 p.p.).
  • Solovyov K.A. Personality and activity of P.A. Stolypin as a historiographic problem // Questions of history. 2012. No. 10. P. 157 – 167 (1.2 p. sheets) (co-authored by K.I. Mogilevsky and V.V. Shelokhaev).
  • Solovyov K.A. Self-Organization of the Russian Public in the Last Third of the 18th – Early 20th Centuries: Review // Russian History. 2012. No. 5. P. 197–198 (0.3 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Representative institutions during the years of the Stolypin reforms // Bulletin of the Moscow University. Ser. 12. Political sciences. 2012. No. 6. P. 48–68.
  • Solovyov K.A. Library of national social thought // Historical archive. 2013. No. 1. P. 181 - 185 (0.5 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. The experience of using archival materials in the encyclopedia "Public Thought of Russia in the 18th - early 20th centuries" // Bulletin of the archivist. 2006. No. 2-3. pp. 154-157 (0.25 p.l.)
  • Solovyov K.A. Duma Monarchy: Public Dialogue Against the Background of Reform // Motherland. 2006. No. 11. P. 10-14 (0.5 pp.) The journal was founded in 1989. It is published 12 times a year.
  • Solovyov K.A. Interaction between representative and executive authorities in 1906-1917. and Basic State Laws April 23, 1906 // History of State and Law. 2006. No. 11. P. 36-38 (0.25 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Administrative Reforms in Russia: History and Modernity: Review // Issues of History. 2007. No. 5. S. 166-168. (0.5 p.l.). The magazine was founded in 1926. It is published 12 times a year.
  • Solovyov K.A. The concept of state policy in the field of printing: lawmaking of the factions of the State Duma, 1906-1914. // Book in the space of culture. Issue. 13). 2007. S. 148-151 (0.5 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Diary of L.A. Tikhomirov. 1915-1917: Review // Historical archive. 2008. No. 6. S. 212-214. (0.4 p.l.). The magazine was founded in 1955. It is published 6 times a year.
  • Solovyov K.A. Saratov Governor P.A. Stolypin in the Mirror of Documents: Review // Historical Archive. 2009. No. 2. S. 215-217. (0.4 p. l.). (co-authored with Mogilevsky K.I.). The magazine was founded in 1955. It is published 6 times a year.
  • Solovyov K.A. Stolypin project of transformation of Russia // Politiya. 2009. No. 1. S. 151-166. (1.3 p. l.) (co-authored with Mogilevsky K.I.). The magazine was founded in 1996. It is published 4 times a year.
  • Solovyov K.A. Budget law in the period of the Duma monarchy // Questions of history. 2009. No. 6. S. S. 27-38 (1 sheet). The magazine was founded in 1926. It is published 12 times a year.
  • Solovyov K.A. Mechanisms of interaction between the executive and representative branches of government. 1906-1914 // Russian history. 2009. No. 4. S. 60-76 (2 sheets). The magazine was founded in 1957. It is published 6 times a year.
  • Solovyov K.A. "Tactical philosophy" of the Cadets in the era of the First Duma // News of higher educational institutions. Volga region. Humanitarian sciences. 2009. No. 4. P. 20-28 (0.5 pp). The magazine was founded in 2002. It is published 4 times a year.
  • Solovyov K.A. Constitutional Revolution of the Party of Cadets: From Theory to Practice (April-July 1906) // New Historical Bulletin. 2011. No. 1 (27). pp. 14-25 (0.8 p.l.). The magazine was founded in 2000. It is published 4 times a year.

Articles in collections:

  • Solovyov K.A. The Formation of Liberal and Conservative Political Parties and the First Russian Revolution // Revolution of 1905-1907: A Look Through the Century. Proceedings of the All-Russian Scientific Conference September 19-20, 2005 / Ed. ed. V.V. Shelokhaev. M., 2005. S. 289-298 (0.7 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Representative Institutions in the Political System of the Russian Empire // Power and Society in Russia: Experience of History and Modernity, 1906-2006: To the 100th Anniversary of Russian Parliamentarism. Krasnodar, 2006. S. 284-286 (0.2 pp)
  • Solovyov K.A. Higher Bureaucracy and Public Opinion in the First Russian Revolution // Revolutionaryism in Russia: Symbols and Colors of the Revolution: Dedicated to the 100th Anniversary of the First Russian Revolution / Ed. A.P. Logunov. M., 2005. S. 62-75 (0.8 pp)
  • Solovyov K.A. Stolypin's model of Russia's modernization: Speech // Proceedings of the Free Economic Society. T. 80. M., 2007. S. 99-112. (1 p.l.).
  • Solovyov K.A. Nikolai Alekseevich Khomyakov: “To carry out hard state work on the basis of legislative construction ...” // Russian liberalism: Ideas and people / Otv. ed. A.A. Kara-Murza .. M .: New Publishing House, 2007. S. 369-389. (1.6 p.l.) (co-authored with Mogilevsky K.I.).
  • Solovyov K.A. Nikolai Ivanovich Kareev: "To found a new Russia that will exist for its citizens" // Russian liberalism: Ideas and people / Ed. ed. A.A. Kara-Murza .. M .: New Publishing House, 2007. S. 395-400. (0.4 p.l.)
  • Solovyov K.A. Mikhail Martynovich Alekseenko: “We are not rich enough to fulfill the fantasies of every minister ...” // Russian liberalism: Ideas and people / Otv. ed. A.A. Kara-Murza. M.: New publishing house, 2007. S. 561-565. (0.4 p.l.)
  • Solovyov K.A. Sergei Iliodorovich Shidlovsky: "The patriarchal way of life is over, it's time to replace it with a legal life..." // Russian Liberalism: Ideas and People / Otv. ed. A.A. Kara-Murza .. M .: New Publishing House, 2007. S. 571-575. (0.4 p.l.)
  • Solovyov K.A. Lev Iosifovich Petrazhitsky: “I am a lawyer not only by title, but also by conviction ...” // Russian liberalism: Ideas and people / Otv. ed. A.A. Kara-Murza. M.: New publishing house, 2007. S. 683-689. (0.6 p.l.)
  • Solovyov K.A. Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov: “Let the executive power submit to the legislative power!” // Russian liberalism: Ideas and people / Otv. ed. A.A. Kara-Murza. M.: New publishing house, 2007. S. 690-698. (0.8 p.l.)
  • Solovyov K.A. Mythology and technology of the election campaign to the IV State Duma in 1912 // To the 80th anniversary of Roald Fedorovich Matveev. M., 2008. S. 295-301. (0.5 p.l.).
  • Solovyov K.A. The political concept of neo-Slavophiles: politics without politicians // Russian politics of the XXI century: Non-political potential of the political / Ed. A.P. Logunov. M., 2009. S. 271-286. (1 p. l.).
  • Solovyov K.A. Maklakov Vasily Alekseevich // Public Thought of the Russian Abroad: Encyclopedia / Ed. ed. V.V. Zhuravlev. Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2009, pp. 401-405 (0.6 p. sheet).
  • Solovyov K.A. Stepun Fedor Avgustovich // Public Thought of the Russian Diaspora: Encyclopedia / Ed. ed. V.V. Zhuravlev. Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2009, pp. 528-531 (0.4 p. sheet).
  • Solovyov K.A. Fedotov Georgy Petrovich // Public Thought of the Russian Abroad: Encyclopedia / Ed. ed. V.V. Zhuravlev. Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2009, pp. 579-583 (0.6 p. sheet).
  • Solovyov K.A. The concept of partnership: Octobrists on the interaction of legislative and executive power in Russia in 1906-1914. // Russian liberalism: theory, programmatics, practice, personalities: Sat. Art. Orel: OrelGTU, 2009. S. 170-178. (0.5 p.l.).
  • Solovyov K.A. Petr Berngardovich Struve // ​​Petr Berngardovich Struve. Selected works. Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2010, pp. 5-39 (2.5 p. sheets).
  • Solovyov K.A. Guchkov Alexander Ivanovich // Russian liberalism in the middle of the 18th - early 20th centuries: Encyclopedia / Ed. ed. V.V. Shelokhaev .. M .: ROSSPEN, 2010. S. 242-244 (0.5 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Election campaigns // Russian liberalism in the middle of the XVIII - early XX centuries: Encyclopedia / Ed. ed. V.V. Shelokhaev .. M .: ROSSPEN, 2010. S. 360-362 (0.4 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Izgoev Alexander Solomonovich // Russian liberalism in the middle of the 18th - early 20th centuries: Encyclopedia / Ed. ed. V.V. Shelokhaev.. M.: ROSSPEN, 2010. S. 364-366 (0.5 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Maklakov Vasily Alekseevich // Russian liberalism in the middle of the 18th - early 20th centuries: Encyclopedia / Ed. ed. V.V. Shelokhaev .. M .: ROSSPEN, 2010. S. 550-554 (0.6 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Basic state laws // Russian liberalism in the middle of the XVIII - early XX centuries: Encyclopedia / Ed. ed. V.V. Shelokhaev .. M .: ROSSPEN, 2010. S. 680-682 (0.4 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Negotiations between liberals and S.Yu. Witte and P.A. Stolypin // Russian liberalism in the middle of the 18th - early 20th centuries: Encyclopedia / Ed. ed. V.V. Shelokhaev. M.: ROSSPEN, 2010. S. 712-715 (0.5 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Law // Russian liberalism in the middle of the 18th - early 20th centuries: Encyclopedia / Ed. ed. V.V. Shelokhaev .. M .: ROSSPEN, 2010. S. 752-754 (0.5 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. "Union of October 17" // Russian liberalism of the middle of the XVIII - early XX centuries: Encyclopedia / Ed. ed. V.V. Shelokhaev .. M .: ROSSPEN, 2010. S. 873-876 (0.5 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Trubetskoy Evgeny Nikolaevich // Russian liberalism of the middle of the XVIII - early XX centuries: Encyclopedia / Ed. ed. V.V. Shelokhaev.. M.: ROSSPEN, 2010. S. 951-953 (0.5 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Shingarev Andrei Ivanovich // Russian liberalism of the middle of the XVIII - early XX centuries: Encyclopedia / Ed. ed. V.V. Shelokhaev .. M .: ROSSPEN, 2010. S. 1036-1038 (0.5 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Chairman of the State Duma in the political system of the Russian Empire // Sergey Andreevich Muromtsev - Chairman of the First State Duma: politician, scientist, teacher. Orel, 2010, pp. 58-69 (0.6 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Gurko Vladimir Iosifovich // Russian conservatism of the middle of the XVIII - early XX centuries: Encyclopedia / Ed. ed. V.V. Shelokhaev.. M.: ROSSPEN, 2010. S. 137-139 (0.4 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Kireev Alexander Alekseevich // Russian conservatism in the middle of the 18th - early 20th centuries: Encyclopedia / Ed. ed. V.V. Shelokhaev .. M .: ROSSPEN, 2010. S. 237-239 (0.4 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Khomyakov Dmitry Alekseevich // Russian conservatism of the middle of the 18th - early 20th centuries: Encyclopedia / Ed. ed. V.V. Shelokhaev .. M .: ROSSPEN, 2010. S. 557-559 (0.5 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Sharapov Sergey Fedorovich // Russian conservatism of the middle of the XVIII - early XX centuries: Encyclopedia / Ed. ed. V.V. Shelokhaev .. M .: ROSSPEN, 2010. S. 572-577 (0.8 pp) (co-authored with A.V. Repnikov).
  • Solovyov K.A. Liberalism in Russia // Great Russian Encyclopedia. M .: "Big Russian Encyclopedia", 2010. S. 376-377 (0.5 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Problems of civil society in the program documents of Russian political parties at the beginning of the 20th century. // Civil genesis in Russia. Bryansk, 2010. Issue. 2. S. 42-66 (1.5 pp).
  • Solovjovas K.A. Atstovaujamosos istigos ir P.A. Stolypino vyriausybe, 1906-1914 m. (Representative institutions and the government of P.A. Stolypin, 1906-1914) // Konferencijos medżiaga “Neišmoktos P. Slolypino pamokos (Proceedings of the international conference “Unlearned lessons of P.A. Stolypin). Kėdainiai, 2010. P. 27-80 (2 p. sheets).
  • Solovyov K.A. Representative power in the social thought of Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. Utopia of Russian Constitutionalism // Public Thought of Russia: Origins, Evolution, Main Directions: Proceedings of the Intern. scientific conf. Moscow, October 28 – 29, 2010. M.: ROSSPEN, 2011. P. 430-445 (1 p.p.).
  • Solovyov K.A. State Duma // P.A. Stolypin: Encyclopedia. M.: ROSSPEN, 2011, pp. 125 – 134 (1.5 pp.) (co-authored with V.A. Demin).
  • Solovyov K.A. Kokovtsov Vladimir Nikolaevich // P.A. Stolypin: Encyclopedia. M.: ROSSPEN, 2011. S. 240 - 242 (0.5 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Negotiations with the opposition // P.A. Stolypin: Encyclopedia. M.: ROSSPEN, 2011. P. 431 - 433 (0.5 pp)
  • Solovyov K.A. Struve Petr Berngardovich // P.A. Stolypin: Encyclopedia. M.: ROSSPEN, 2011. P. 636 – 638 (0.5 p.p.)
  • Solovyov K.A. What is political everyday life // Historian and his time: Sat. Art. To the 70th anniversary of Professor V.V. Shelokhaev. Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2011, pp. 192 – 203 (0.5 p. sheet).
  • Solovyov K.A. Political culture // Essays on Russian culture. Late XIX - early XX centuries. T. 2: Power. Society. Culture. Moscow: Moscow University Press, 2011, pp. 74 – 160 (5 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. "Stolypins" of national historiography // Modeling of reality in the space of diversity. Humanitarian studies of social processes. Proceedings of the international scientific conference (October 25, 2012). Moscow: URSS, 2012, pp. 95 – 100 (0.5 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. The life and teachings of Pavel Novgorodtsev // Time has chosen us: the path of an intellectual to politics. Orel, 2012, pp. 242 – 261 (1.5 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Interest groups and the "representative system" in 1906-1914 // Russian State Duma: historical experience and prospects for the development of parliamentarism. M.: Publication of the State Duma, 2012. S. 159 - 172 (0.7 pp).

Kirill Solovyov

The owner of the Russian land? Autocracy and bureaucracy in the era of modernity

© Russian Museum, St. Petersburg, 2017

© K. Solovyov, 2017

© LLC "New Literary Review", 2017

Modern and archaic at the turn of the century

In 1897, the first all-Russian census took place. More than 126 million subjects of the Russian Empire and, of course, Emperor Nicholas II himself took part in it. He had to indicate his occupation on the census sheet. Without thinking twice, the sovereign wrote a phrase, later included in textbooks and monographs: "The owner of the Russian land." Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, in turn, was called the "mistress" of Russia. There is no doubt that this is how the royal couple perceived themselves. This formula was not accidental.

Since the second third of the XIX century. many Russian thinkers of the Slavophile persuasion wrote about the uniqueness of the Russian political system, which had no analogues in Western Europe. In their opinion, autocracy is not Western absolutism, which assumed the omnipotence of the bureaucracy. At the same time, autocracy is not Eastern tyranny. Unlike the Asian despots, the power of the Russian autocrat was limited by his conscience and faith. He had to rule, relying not on mechanical strength, but on the unconditional support of the people, who saw (or should have seen) a strong royal power as a guarantee of their well-being. It seemed to the Slavophiles that the Russian tsar, unlike a Western European minister or deputy, was not thinking about his own personal interests or benefits for his entourage, he was worried about the aspirations of the masses, and especially his most needy representatives. This was due to the fact that no one chose the sovereign, he represented not someone individually, but all together. In addition, the king did not have his own, private interests: all of them were somehow satisfied at the time of his accession to the throne. In fact, he didn't need anything. He possessed unlimited power and untold wealth. His only ambition is to work for the good of his people.

Of course, the Slavophiles had claims against the ruling elites. They believed that the ideal construction of autocracy was subject to erosion. It looked more and more like Western European absolutism. The blame lay primarily on Peter the Great, who staked on the bureaucracy, created from it a "mediastinum" between the monarch and the people. Russia faced the task of returning to true autocracy, to the times of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. Various ways were proposed for this: for example, the revival of zemstvo councils - the living embodiment of the unity of the king and the "land" (that is, the people, society).

In general, the Slavophiles belonged to the opposition: they criticized the established regime and called for political reforms. It is quite natural that those in power treated them rather skeptically, with suspicion. However, the utopia of a unique Russian kingdom created by the Slavophiles captured the minds of many. As a result, it was from the Slavophile "cubes" that the mythology of power was formed, in which the tsars themselves believed. Both Alexander III and Nicholas II treated Russian antiquity with great respect, idealized it, and dreamed of the revival of the lost "golden age". And it wasn't just words. They were embodied in symbols and images. The monarchs patronized the construction in the old Russian style. Knowing this, architects increasingly imitated the buildings of pre-Petrine Russia. Icon painters copied samples of the 16th-17th centuries. It was a fashion imposed from the height of the throne, in which there was a passionate desire to grab hold of the past and not accidentally slip into the future. According to the memoirs of Protopresbyter G. I. Shavelsky, in the Imperial Fedorovsky Cathedral in Tsarskoye Selo, some icons even amazed with their ugliness, since they were copied from by no means the best medieval originals. “For greater resemblance to the old ones, some icons are painted on old, rotten boards ... Yes, and all the iconography, all the decoration of the cathedral, which did not give place to any of the works of contemporary great masters of church art - Vasnetsov, Nesterov, etc. - seem to be some kind of dissonance for our time."

The imperial family in every possible way, sometimes deliberately, emphasized their religiosity. Only in the bedroom of the Tsarskoye Selo Alexander Palace, where the couple of the last Russian Tsar mainly lived, there were 800 icons. Finally, one could try to revive the 17th century, at least temporarily. In 1903, Nicholas II organized a costume ball in the Winter Palace, obliging his subjects to dress in outfits from the time of Alexei Mikhailovich. It might seem to someone that it really is the 17th century in the yard.

However, the twentieth century was coming. For the first time in a long time, the life of a person has changed radically. Now it was possible to take a fresh look at time and space. Now it is difficult to realize how much railroad construction has changed the world. It accelerated life, canceled old problems, created new ones, contributed to the growth of previously sparsely populated towns and at the same time the extinction of well-known centers. According to the outstanding French historian F. Braudel, only thanks to the railway did a united France arise in the full sense of the word. This applies even more to Russia. Then, at the end of the 19th century, the construction of railways in the country acquired an impressive scale: in 1893-1897. in Russia, they laid 2–2.5 thousand km per year. J. Verne dedicated a whole novel to this, Claudius Bombarnac, published in 1892.

By the end of the XIX century. already used to the railroads. The startling fears of the first half of the century are a thing of the past. Gradually, the townspeople got used to the car. By 1900, there were already about 90 buses with internal combustion engines in St. Petersburg. Mastering the space, man also thought about the sky. In 1880, the Russian Aeronautics Society was founded. In 1893–1894 The first airship in Russia was built in the capital. True, his tests ended unsuccessfully. Information acquired even greater speed than a person. Radio, telephone, telegraph came into life. In 1881, telephone exchanges were built in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Odessa, Riga and Warsaw. The Moscow-Petersburg telephone line was the longest in the world (660 km). At the beginning of the XX century. she handled more than 200 calls daily. As early as 1882, the Mermaid opera from the Mariinsky Theater was broadcast over a telephone line in St. Petersburg. Society believed in technological progress and expected a real miracle from it. “Soon we will see each other along the wire at a distance of hundreds and thousands of miles!” - stated one of the heroes of A. I. Kuprin's story "Moloch". During these years, many seemingly unrealizable fantasies were realized and became part of everyday life. Thus, on March 12, 1896, the world's first radiogram arrived at the physics office of St. Petersburg University. In the same year, films by the Lumiere brothers were shown for the first time in Russia. At the same time, amateur films began to be shot. In 1903–1904 The first cinemas appeared in Russia. Electric lighting has come to the streets of cities. In the early 1890s in St. Petersburg there were 80 electric lamps, and in 1903 there were already about 3,000.

The urban landscape has also changed. Moscow in this respect was ahead of the whole empire, including the capital. Here at the turn of the 1880-1890s. “Skyscrapers, high-rise buildings with a mass of apartments began to grow here and there, and on Maiden’s Field, as if by magic, a whole town of excellently arranged university clinics was spread (all donated by large Moscow merchants), then telephones, cars and trams came, ” - wrote the historian Alexander Kizevetter.

Naturally, technological progress also affected the imperial family. In 1886, electricity appeared in the Anichkov Palace. In 1887, the Peterhof Palace was electrified. Nicholas II was very interested in technical innovations. He loved cars, was engaged in photography (although the emperor did not like telephone communication). The royal life has changed, but the royal power remained, as it were, the same.

Autocracy has been the backbone of the political regime in Russia for many centuries. The Russian emperor was not only the sole head of state, but he also headed the church. His person was sacred. The legitimacy of power was not questioned. The very concept of "autocracy" once again reminded of the Byzantine origins of Russian power.

And yet, in reproducing these ideological formulas, one must keep in mind that they are of relatively late origin. In reality, the Byzantine emperor, in terms of his powers and position in the political system, did not much resemble the Russian autocrat. Finally, the autocracy has been constantly changing throughout its long history. At the end of the XV century. the title "autocrat" emphasized the foreign policy independence of the Muscovite state. At the end of the 19th century, contrary to all Slavophile constructions, there was an unlimited power of the sovereign.

Department of History and Theory of Historical Science

Job title

Professor

Academic degree

Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor

State awards, honorary titles, thanks

  • Laureate of the youth award in memory of Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna Makariy (Bulgakov) in the nomination "History of Russia" (2013).
  • Laureate of the Prize of the Russian Historical Society dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation and the Constitution of the Russian Federation (diploma of the 1st degree) (2013).
  • Professor of RAS (2015).

Biographical information

Born in Moscow on December 26, 1978. In 2001 he graduated with honors from the Faculty of History and Philology of the Russian State University for the Humanities (RSUH). In 2001-2004 he studied at the postgraduate course of the Russian State University for the Humanities. In 2004 he defended his Ph.D. (specialty 07.00.02; scientific adviser - Doctor of History, Prof. V.V. Shelokhaev). In 2004 - 2006 Lecturer at the Department of National History of Modern Times, IAI RSUH. In 2006 - 2009 Senior Lecturer, Department of National History of Modern Times, IAI RSUH. In 2009 - 2012 Associate Professor of the Department of Modern Russian History of the IAI RSUH. In 2012 he defended his doctoral dissertation "Legislative and executive power in Russia in 1906-1914: mechanisms of interaction" (specialty 07.00.02 - Domestic history). Since 2013, leading researcher at the Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Center for the History of Russia in the 19th – early 20th centuries. From September 2013 (to the present) Professor of the Department of History and Theory of Historical Science of the Russian State Humanitarian University (part-time).

Area of ​​scientific interests and scope of scientific activity

  • political history of Russia XIX
  • the beginning of the 20th century;
  • history of representative power;
  • history of bureaucracy;
  • history of political parties

Publications

Monographs:
  • Solovyov K.A. The history of the activities of the first State Dumas of pre-revolutionary Russia: a comparative analysis of the traditions of lawmaking. M.: Publication of the State Duma, 2013. 240 p. (15 p.l.). (co-authored with V.V. Shelokhaev).
  • Solovyov K.A. Legislative and executive power in Russia: mechanisms of interaction (1906–1914). M.: ROSSPEN, 2011. 512 p. (32 p.l.)
  • Solovyov K.A. Circle "Conversation": In search of a new political reality / Otv. ed. V.V. Shelokhaev. M.: ROSSPEN, 2009. 287 p. (18 p. l.)
  • Solovyov K.A. The owner of the Russian land? Autocracy and bureaucracy in the modern era. M.: New Literary Review, 2017. 296 p. (9.25 p.l.).
Participation in collective monographs:
  • Solovyov K.A. In revolution and wars. 1883 - 1920 (Section II. Ch. 1 - 2) // History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. M.: Political encyclopedia, 2014. P. 125 - 160 (2.5 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Society and power in pre-war Russia // The First World War 1914 - 1918: In 6 volumes. T. 2. The beginning and deployment of the war (1914 - 1915). M.: Kuchkovo Pole, 2015, pp. 29 – 39 (1 sheet).
  • Solovyov K.A. On the eve of the revolution // Reforms in Russia from ancient times to the end of the 20th century: In 4 vols. M.: Political Encyclopedia, 2016. V.3. The second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries / otv. ed. V.V. Shelokhaev. pp. 244 - 255 (1 p.p.)
  • Solovyov K.A. In the whirlpool of revolution // Reforms in Russia from ancient times to the end of the 20th century: In 4 vols. M.: Political Encyclopedia, 2016. V.3. The second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries / otv. ed. V.V. Shelokhaev. pp. 255 - 274 (1.5 pp)
  • Solovyov K.A. Basic state laws // Reforms in Russia from ancient times to the end of the 20th century: In 4 volumes. M.: Political encyclopedia, 2016. V.3. The second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries / otv. ed. V.V. Shelokhaev. pp. 274 - 286 (1 pp)
  • Solovyov K.A. The situation of the reform // Reforms in Russia from ancient times to the end of the 20th century: In 4 vols. M.: Political Encyclopedia, 2016. V.3. The second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries / otv. ed. V.V. Shelokhaev. pp. 286 - 301 (1 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Stolypin project of modernization of Russia // Reforms in Russia from ancient times to the end of the 20th century: In 4 vols. M.: Political Encyclopedia, 2016. V.3. The second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries / otv. ed. V.V. Shelokhaev. pp. 301 – 325 (2 pp.) (co-authored with K.I. Mogilevsky).
  • Solovyov K.A. Ways to implement the Stolypin model. Government and representative institutions // Reforms in Russia from ancient times to the end of the 20th century: In 4 vols. M.: Political Encyclopedia, 2016. V.3. The second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries / otv. ed. V.V. Shelokhaev. pp. 325 - 340 (1 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Provisional government in the political system of Russia // Russian Revolution of 1917: power, society, culture / ed. ed. Yu.A. Petrov: in 2 vols.
Source publications:
  • Solovyov K.A. (ed.) P.A. Stolypin. Biochronika / Comp. K.A. Solovyov. Under total ed. P.A. Pozhigailo. M.: ROSSPEN, 2006. 376 p. (23.5 p.l.)
  • Solovyov K.A. (ed.) P.A. Stolypin through the eyes of his contemporaries / Comp. K.A. Solovyov. Under total ed. P.A. Pozhigailo. M.: ROSSPEN, 2008. 367 p. (23 p.l.)
  • Solovyov K.A. (publ., introductory article, commentary) On the nature of the state system in Russia (from the notes of S.E. Kryzhanovsky in 1926) // Questions of history. 2008. No. 3. S. 3-32.; Questions of history. 2008. No. 4. S. 3-32; Questions of history. No. 5. S. 3-29; Questions of history. No. 6. S. 3-25. (10 pp) (co-authored with Mogilevsky K.I.). The magazine was founded in 1926. It is published 12 times a year.
  • Solovyov K.A. (ed.) Pyotr Stolypin about Russia. M.: RIPOL classic, 2010. 336 p. (10, 5 pp) (co-authored with K.I. Mogilevsky).
  • Solovyov K.A. (compiled, author of the introductory article, commentary). Pavel Ivanovich Novgorodtsev. Selected works / Comp., author introd. Art. and comment. K. A. Soloviev. Editorial Board: L.A. Openkin (chairman), I.N. Danilevsky, A.B. Kamensky, N.I. Kanishcheva (responsible secretary), A.N. Medushevsky, Yu.S. Pivovarov, A.K. Sorokin, V.V. Shelokhaev (co-chairman). M.: ROSSPEN, 2010. 960 p. (60 p.l.).
  • Solovyov K.A. (compiled, author of the introductory article, commentary). Sergei Andreevich Kotlyarevsky. Selected works / Comp., author introd. Art. and comment. K. A. Soloviev. Editorial Board: L.A. Openkin (chairman), I.N. Danilevsky, A.B. Kamensky, N.I. Kanishcheva (responsible secretary), A.N. Medushevsky, Yu.S. Pivovarov, A.K. Sorokin, V.V. Shelokhaev (co-chairman). M.: ROSSPEN, 2010. 704 p. (44 p.l.).
  • Solovyov K.A. (compiled, author of the introductory article, commentary). Georgy Petrovich Fedotov. Selected works / Comp., author introd. Art. and comment. K. A. Soloviev. Editorial Board: L.A. Openkin (chairman), I.N. Danilevsky, A.B. Kamensky, N.I. Kanishcheva (responsible secretary), A.N. Medushevsky, Yu.S. Pivovarov, A.K. Sorokin, V.V. Shelokhaev (co-chairman). M.: ROSSPEN, 2010. 768 p. (48 p.l.).
  • Solovyov K.A. (compiled, author of the introductory article, commentary). Fyodor Avgustovich Stepun. Selected works / Comp., author introd. Art. and comment. K. A. Soloviev. Editorial Board: L.A. Openkin (chairman), I.N. Danilevsky, A.B. Kamensky, N.I. Kanishcheva (responsible secretary), A.N. Medushevsky, Yu.S. Pivovarov, A.K. Sorokin, V.V. Shelokhaev (co-chairman). M.: ROSSPEN, 2010. 672 p. (42 p.l.).
  • Solovyov K.A. (compiled, author of the introductory article, commentary). Nikolay Ivanovich Kareev. Selected works / Comp., author introd. Art. and comment. K. A. Soloviev. Editorial Board: L.A. Openkin (chairman), I.N. Danilevsky, A.B. Kamensky, N.I. Kanishcheva (responsible secretary), A.N. Medushevsky, Yu.S. Pivovarov, A.K. Sorokin, V.V. Shelokhaev (co-chairman). M.: ROSSPEN, 2010. 598 p. (37.5 p.l.).
  • Solovyov K.A. (compiled, author's preface and commentary) Kireev A.A. Diary, 1905-1910 / Compiled, author of intro. Art. and comment. K. A. Soloviev. . M.: ROSSPEN, 2010. 471 p. (29.5 p.l.)
  • Liberal view of the war: through the catastrophe to the revival // The First World War in the assessment of contemporaries: power and Russian society. 1914 - 1918: in 4 volumes. T. 3. M .: Political encyclopedia, 2014 / ed. ed. V.V. Shelokhaev; comp. and comment. K.A. Solovyov, S.V. Shelokhaev. 544 p. (44 p.l.).
  • Representative institutions of the Russian Empire in 1906-1917 Materials of perusal of the Police Department / otv. ed. V.V. Shelokhaev; comp. and comment. K.A. Solovyov. M.: Political Encyclopedia, 2014. 720 p. (45 p.l.)
  • Eropkin A.V. Notes of a member of the State Duma: Memoirs. 1905 - 1928 / entry. Art. and comment. K.A. Solovyov. M.: Kuchkovo field, 2016. 352 p. (18, 48 p.l.). Kulomzin A.N. Experienced. Memoirs / comp., intro. Art. and comment. and note. K.A. Solovyov. M.: Political Encyclopedia, 2016. 1038 p. (65 p.l.)
  • Solovyov K.A. (introductory article and comments) Obolensky V.A. My life and my contemporaries. Memoirs, 1869 - 1920: in 2 volumes / entry. Art. and comment. K.A. Solovyov. M.: Kuchkovo field, 2017. 528 p. (27.7 p.l.); 544 p. (27.7 p.l.)
  • Solovyov K.A. (introductory article and commentary) Mendeleev P.P. Light and shadows in my life. Fragments of memories, 1864 - 1933 / entry. Art. K.A. Solovyov; comments A.V. Sazanova, K.A. Solovyov. M.: Kuchkovo field, 2017. 752 p. (39.5 p.l.)
Popular science publications:
  • Solovyov K.A. P.A. Stolypin. Name Russia. Historical choice 2008. Moscow: Astrel, 2008. 128 p. (6.7 p. l.) (co-authored with K.I. Mogilevsky).
  • Solovyov K.A. P.A. Stolypin: personality and reforms. 3rd ed., revised. and additional M.: ROSSPEN, 2011. 143 p. (4.2 p.l.) (co-authored with K.I. Mogilevsky).
  • Solovyov K.A. Emperor of All Russia Alexander III Alexandrovich. M.: Publishing House "Komsomolskaya Pravda", 2015. 96 p. (8.2 p.l.).
Articles in magazines:
  • Solovyov K.A. Duma Monarchy: Public Dialogue Against the Background of Reform // Motherland. 2006. No. 11. P. 10-14 (0.5 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Interaction between representative and executive authorities in 1906-1917. and Basic State Laws April 23, 1906 // History of State and Law. 2006. No. 11. P. 36-38 (0.3 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Stolypin's model of Russia's modernization: Speech // Proceedings of the Free Economic Society. T. 80. M., 2007. S. 99-112. (1 p.l.).
  • Solovyov K.A. Administrative Reforms in Russia: History and Modernity: Review // Issues of History. 2007. No. 5. S. 166-168. (0.5 p.l.).
  • Solovyov K.A. Stolypin project of transformation of Russia // Politiya. 2009. No. 1. S. 151-166. (1.3 p. l.) (co-authored with Mogilevsky K.I.).
  • Solovyov K.A. Budget law in the period of the Duma monarchy // Questions of history. 2009. No. 6. S. S. 27-38 (1 sheet).
  • Solovyov K.A. Mechanisms of interaction between the executive and representative branches of government. 1906-1914 // Russian history. 2009. No. 4. S. 60-76 (2 sheets).
  • Solovyov K.A. "Tactical philosophy" of the Cadets in the era of the First Duma // News of higher educational institutions. Volga region. Humanitarian sciences. 2009. No. 4. P. 20-28 (0.5 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Petr Berngardovich Struve // ​​Petr Berngardovich Struve. Selected works. Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2010, pp. 5-39 (2.5 p. sheets).
  • Solovyov K.A. Constitutional Revolution of the Party of Cadets: From Theory to Practice (April-July 1906) // New Historical Bulletin. 2011. No. 1 (27). pp. 14-25 (0.8 p.l.).
  • Solovyov K.A. Public man Sigma // Motherland. 2011. No. 10. P. 115 – 120 (1 p.p.) (co-authored with A.V. Repnikov).
  • Solovyov K.A. What is political everyday life // Historian and his time: Sat. Art. To the 70th anniversary of Professor V.V. Shelokhaev. Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2011, pp. 192 – 203 (0.5 p. sheet).
  • Solovyov K.A. The State Duma of the Russian Empire: the problem of deputy discipline and lawmaking // Bulletin of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. Series: History of Russia. 2011. No. 4. P. 15 - 26 (0.5 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Duma in anticipation of the revolution // State and society. Problems of socio-political and economic history of Russia: Sat. scientific Art. Issue. 6. Penza, 2011, pp. 141 – 146 (0.5 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. I.L. Goremykin at the head of the government // Bulletin of the Cherepovets State University. 2011. No. 4 (33). T. 1. S. 154 - 158 (0.5 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Political culture // Essays on Russian culture. Late XIX - early XX centuries. T. 2: Power. Society. Culture. Moscow: Moscow University Press, 2011, pp. 74 – 160 (5 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. “I resemble an old raccoon coat…”: Ivan Goremykin - Prime Minister of Russia // Motherland. 2012. No. 2. P. 81 - 84 (0.6 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Legislative process and representative system in 1906-1911. // Russian history. 2012. No. 2. P. 37 - 51 (1.6 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Polyphony of the Right // Russian History. 2014. No. 3. P. 158-163 (0.4 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Interaction between the Council of Ministers and representative institutions of Russia during the First World War // Russian History. 2014. No. 5. P. 50 – 61 (1 sheet).
  • Solovyov K.A. Russian liberals about the First World War // Russian history. 2014. No. 5. P. 122 – 132 (1 p.p.) (co-authored with V.V. Shelokhaev).
  • Solovyov K.A. Zemsky figures in the State Duma (1907 - 1914) // Bulletin of Moscow University. Series 12. Political sciences. 2014. No. 4. P. 67-81 (1 sheet). Solovyov K. A. Zemtsy and the highest bureaucracy at the beginning of the 20th century: “we” and “they” // Bulletin of the Novosibirsk State University. Series: History, Philology. 2015. V. 14. Issue 1: History. pp. 106 - 118 (1 p. l.).
  • Solovyov K.A. The State Council and the legislative process in 1906-1914 // Proceedings of the Historical and Archival Institute. T. 40. M., 2014. S. 37 – 50 (1 p.p.).
  • Solovyov K.A. Election campaigns of the Cadets and their addressee (1906 - 1912) // Bulletin of the Perm University. Series "History". 2015. No. 3 (30). pp. 179 - 187 (0.5 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. The Russian Revolution of 1917 through the Eyes of Contemporaries: Objectives of Publication, Principles of Selection of Sources // Historical Archive. 2015. No. 6. P. 192 – 195 (0.5 pp) (co-authored with A.P. Nenarokov).
  • Solovyov K.A. The revolution is determined by "the weakness of the defense, and not the strength of the attack" // Russian history. 2016. No. 4. P. 73 - 78 (0.5 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Provisional government in the political system of Russia in 1917 // Russian history. 2016. No. 5. P. 20 - 36 (1.5 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Aksakovs: family encyclopedia // Questions of history. 2016. No. 11. P. 174 - 175 (0.3 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Efficient core of the Third State Duma: size and composition // Tauride Readings 2015. Actual problems of parliamentarism: history and modernity. International Scientific Conference, St. Petersburg, Tauride Palace, December 10 - 11, 2015 Collection of scientific articles / Ed. A.B. Nikolaev. St. Petersburg: ElekSys Publishing House, 2016. Part 1. P. 126 – 136 (0.6 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. V.V. Shelokhaev is 75 years old: historiographic notes // Russian history. 2017. No. 1. P. 195 - 200 (0.4 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Rec. to: I.S. Rosenthal. N. Valentinov and others. XX century through the eyes of contemporaries. M.: New Chronograph, 2015. 536 p. // Russian history. 2017. No. 2. P. 229 - 232 (0.4 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. Dmovsky. A novel about Russia // Dmovsky R. Germany, Russia and the Polish question. St. Petersburg: Aleteyya, 2017, pp. 11 – 21 (0.7 pp).
  • Solovyov K.A. February in the shadow of October (historiographic results and research tasks) // Russian history. 2018. No. 1. P. 161 – 171 (1 p. sheet) (co-authored with V.V. Shelokhaev).
Tutorials:
  • Solovyov K.A., Shevyrev A.P. Russian history. 1801 - 1914: a textbook for the 9th grade of educational organizations / K.A. Solovyov, A.P. Shevyrev; ed. Yu.A. Petrov. M .: OOO "Russian Word - Textbook", 2015. 312 p. (22.8 p.l.). History of Russia: textbook and workshop for academic bachelor's degree / Ed. K.A. Solovyov. M.: Yurait Publishing House, 2016. 252 p. (19.5 pp) (with P.A. Alipov, E.A. Arkhipova, E.V. Barysheva, S.P. Dontsev, N.V. Illeritskaya, D.I. Oleinikov) .

It is impossible to answer such a question in one word. Of course, just say yes. If we are talking about bureaucracy, then the modern bureaucratic language, the traditions of decision-making took shape in the 19th century. Our modern ideas about modernization and industrialization go back to the image of the future that was relevant for a subject of the Russian Empire in the 19th century. All the usual ideological trends - liberalism, socialism, conservatism - finally took shape in the 19th century. Finally, Russian culture, the Russian language, Russian literature are products of the century before last. If only for this reason, the Russian Federation in its present form is the legal successor of the Russian Empire.

However, the Russian Empire was still very different from modern Russia - and not only in size. It was a much more complex phenomenon. The Russian Empire was in the full sense of the word a multinational and multi-confessional power. Russians did not make up the majority of the country's population (44%). Orthodox were the majority, but not overwhelming (about 70% together with the Old Believers). The empire was complex. Many of its outskirts required a special management regime. Under such circumstances, there could not be a single legal space. Those legal norms by which the Kingdom of Poland lived (after the uprising of 1863-1864 - the Vistula provinces) date back to Napoleonic times. In the Baltic provinces (the territories of modern Estonia and Latvia), the legislation of the times of Swedish rule partially remained. Finally, estates lived in different legal dimensions. So, the peasantry was mainly judged according to the norms of customary law, rarely encountering the crown court. The merchants, the Cossacks had their own self-governing bodies ... The clergy, the military personnel had their own court. Russia was very different.

Secondly, Russia of the 19th century is distinguished by the presence of society - not in the sociological, but in the political sense of the word, when society itself recognizes itself as such. When it is not a cog in a huge state machine, but claims to be self-sufficient. Such a society began to take shape in Russia as early as the end of the 18th century; during the 19th it became more complex, increased in numbers, democratized and demanded more and more for itself and for the country. At first it was very small, then it amounted to a few percent of the population of Russia, but nevertheless, these were the percentages that turned out to be capable of self-organization. These were the leaders of the zemstvo, city self-government, journalists, and, finally, more and more numerous readers of periodicals. It is difficult to say whether there was a civil society in the Russian Empire, but its elements undoubtedly took place. This is a fundamental difference between the long 19th century, which ended in 1917.

Thirdly, the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 20th century is a dynamically developing country, and from different points of view. Usually in this connection they talk about the economy. This is true because in the 1910s Russia ranked first in terms of growth rates. No less significant is the demographic factor. According to the results of the 1897 census, the population of Russia was more than 126 million people, and by 1914, according to minimal estimates, it was about 166.5 million. In this relatively short period of time, the population of Russia increased by 40 million people. This created both opportunities and challenges at the same time. Russia is a very young country. A significant part of its population were children and adolescents who were dependent on their parents. A growing population, among other things, is a shrinking peasant allotment. The growing population is a contradiction within the community, when it was not rich and poor peasants who most often clashed, but older and younger representatives of the rural "world". This is a big challenge during the First World War, when it is very difficult to resolve the question: who will you mobilize into the army, because a significant part of the population were those who were not subject to conscription? In addition, this left an imprint on the political life of Russia, because young people played a huge role in the activities of the radical left, socialist parties. Gymnasium students, students, and just students from various educational institutions formed the core of these organizations. Russian politics at the beginning of the 20th century were largely made by young people.

Finally, Russia at the beginning of the 20th century is a very fashionable country. People liked to talk about Russia, write plays, stage performances in Western Europe and North America. Russian ballet, Russian music, painting, literature - this is what they continue to talk about until now. But at that time it was modern, "actual" art, perceived throughout Europe as something fundamentally new, like a breath of fresh air. This also applies to Russian science. It is enough to recall the achievements of Russian physiology of that time: the works of Mechnikov, Pavlov, Bekhterev…

All this testifies to the amazing dynamics of growth, which could be converted into a variety of phenomena - both in progress and in revolution.

To this and other user questionsTheQuestionabout the structure of the late Russian Empire, I answered during the presentation of my book .

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