lBL RTBCHIMSHOP: police is YMY police are?

pDOB HYUYFEMSHOYGB ULBBMB, UFP UMCHP police - NOPCEUFCHEOOOPZP YUYUMB, UPPFCHEFUFCHEOOOP RTBCHYMSHOP ZPCHPTYFSH police are.
dTHZBS HYUYFEMSHOYGB ULBBMBMB, UFP police - RTYOBDMETSIF L ZTHRRE ZTHRPCHCHI UHEEUFCHYFESHOSHCHI ( http://www.lingvo.yandex.ru/cgi-bin/lingvo.pl?CardId\u003dSU2luZ3VsYXI\u003d;L0R)
DPRKHUFYN, EUFSH DCHB RTEDMPTSEOIS:
1) All family was happy to receive my Christmas presents.
2) All family were happy to receive my Christmas presents.
h RETCHPN RTEDMPTSEOY RPDTBKHNECHBEFUS CHUS UENSHS, LBL EDYOPE GEMPE
b PE CHFPTPN UMHYUBE - CHUE YUMEOSCH UENSHY, UPUFBCHMSEYE GEMHA UENSHA.

B LBL VShchFSh U police? nPCOP MY ULBBFSH The police is friendful in our city? yMY OKHTSOP The police are friendful in our city?

pFCHEFYFSH

lPZDB TEYUSH IDEF P RPMYGYY, LBL PVPVEEUFCHEOOOPN YOUFIFHFE, FP CHRPMOE CHP'NPTSOP HRPFTEVMEOYE EDYOUFCHEOOOPZP YUYUMB FTEFSHEZP MYGB
rTINET: "Generally, the Maine State Police is involved in traffic investigation and direction, accident investigation, vehicle safety checks, court appearances, criminal investigations (including suspicious deaths, homicides, major crimes, drug trafficking, and child abuse), communications, beano and games of chance licensing and inspections, escort and relay operations, vehicle inspection station investigations, truck weighing, school bus inspections, inspection mechanic exams, public speaking, underwater recovery operations, speed limit enforcement, and as an aid to other law enforcement agencies. "FP EUFSH, RPMIGYS YFBFB NYO ( LBL GEMPUFOBS PTZBOYIBGYS) HYUBUFCHHEF CH YUUMEDPCHBOY Y HRTBCHMEOY DPTPTSOSCHN DCHYTSEOYEN Y F.D. yUFPUOIL: http://www.state.me.us/dps/msp/msp.htm .
EUMY TSE UMCHP YURPMSHHEFUS CH LBYUEUFCHE UYOPOINB MYUOPZP UPUFBCHB RPMYGYY, FP, EUFEUFCHEOP, HRPFTEVMSEFUS NOPCEUFCHEPOPE: The Victoria YUYUM police are now being used as escorts to remove people from the Senior Citizen Activity Center. "h DBOOPN UMHUBE, NPTSOP ULBBFSH, UFP RPMYGEKULYE YFBFB CHILFPTYS (CH LBOBDE), FP EUFSH, MYUOSCHK UPUFBCH FBNPYOEK RPMYGYY, YURPMSH'KHAFUS CH LBYUEUFCHE UPRTPCHPTSDBAEYI J F.D.
yUFPUOIL: http://resist.ca/story/2004/1/8/184055/9201 .
YOSHNY UMPCHBNY, EUMY PFCHMEYUSHUS PF PZHYGYPYOPZP IBTBLFETB YUFPYUOILB, CH RETCHPN UMKHUBE UMCHP police SPTSOP RETECHEUFY TKHUULYN UMEOZPCHSCHN UMPCHPN "NEOFPCHLB", B PE ChFPTPN - "NEOFHTB".
LUFBFY, CH RTICHEDEOOOPN CHBNY YUFPYUOYLE KHLBSCHCHBEFUS, UFP UMCHP police SCHMSEFUS UPVYTBFEMSHOSCHN (F.E., "NEOFHTPK") VTYFEBOWLPN CHBTYBOFE СЫШЛБ. OP RPNYNP OEZP UHEEUFCHHEF J BNETYLBOWLIK, PFOADSH OE SCHMSAEYKUS PYIVPYUOSCHN, YURPMSHKHAEYKUS PE CHUEN NYTE (AB YULMAUEFUYEBOYEBOUPEYPYPYT
SFP LBUBEFUS DTHTSEUFCHEOOOPZP RPCHDEOYS RPMYGYY, FP EUMY chsh YNEEFE CHYDKH RTYUFPKOPE RPCHEDEOYE MYUOPZP UPUFBCHB, FPZDB YUFCHEPMESH. EUMY TSE CHSCH DEMBEFE UNSCHUMPCHPK HRPT ABOUT FPN, UFP RPMYGYS, LBL PVEEUFCHEOOSCHK YOUFEIFHF, DTHTSEUFCHEOOB ZPTPTSBOBN, FP is RTYENMENEE, JUEN are. cHRTPYUEN, HYUIFEMS OE RETEURPTYFSH, Y EUMY POB OBUFBYCHBEF ABOUT NOPTSEUFCHEOOOPN YUYUM, FP RPVETEZIFE UCHPY OETCHSCH Y PGEOLKH CH BFFEUFBFE.

According to the basic rule, the plural of nouns in English is formed by adding the ending to the end of the word –S or –Es (if the noun ends in -s, -sh, -ch, -x, as well as for a number of nouns of Spanish origin and ending in -o, like tomato, mosquito, potato, hero, veto: tomato - tomatoes).

In nouns ending with a letter -y with a consonant preceding, y changes to i and adds -es: lady - ladies, party - parties... If -y is preceded by a vowel, then just add -s: boy - boys.

In the words calf, half, knife, leaf, life, loaf, self, sheaf, shelf, thief, wife, wolf, plural f changes to v + (e) s: shelf - shelves.

Some nouns, for historical reasons, have different ways of constructing the plural: man - men, woman - women, tooth –teeth, foot - feet, goose - geese, mouse - mice, louse - lice, child - children, ox - oxen, brother - brethren (brethren).

Now let's look at some special cases. You can practice using them and learn more in one-to-one lessons with your teacher.

1. Collective nouns. They can be viewed as a single indivisible whole or as a collection of individuals, objects. These include words such as class, team, crew, staff, group, army, team, committee, audience, family etc... If collective nouns denote a group as a single collective, then the predicate verb is used in the singular form, for example: His family was large... If collective nouns denote individual representatives that make up a group, then the predicate verb is used in the plural form, for example: My family are early risers... (My family members get up early).

Among collective nouns, there are words that are always perceived as a set - nouns of Multitude... It: people, police, militia, clothes, cattle, poultry... They are used with plural verbs ( e.g. The police were on duty).

Noun people in the meaning of "people" has a plurality: People are so mean here... However, in the meaning of "people" it can be used in both the singular and the plural: UNO helps all peoples of the world.

2. Uncountable nouns agree with the predicate in the singular. These are nouns: meat, tea, butter, bread, juice, weather, accommodation, advice, permission, behavior, chaos, damage, furniture, luggage, baggage, news, knowledge, scenery, traffic, work, luck, research, progress, information etc.

3. Nouns with the same singular and plural forms... Some of them end in -s: species, series, means (e.g. That species is rare. Those species are common)... The other part never ends in -s: sheep, deer, fish (e.g. That deer is young. Those deer are old).

4. Non-plural nouns... It:
- names of sciences and sports: mathematics, physics, economics, statistics, ethics, gymnastics ( e.g. Physics was his favorite subject);
- some abstract nouns: news, politics ( e.g. What is the news?);
- the name of diseases: measles, mumps, herpes.

5.In compound nouns only the second element is usually plural: housewives, schoolchildren.
In compound nouns with the first man / woman in the plural, both parts are changed: women-writers, gentlemen-farmers.
In words with the -man component, it changes to -men: policeman - policemen.
If parts of a compound word are written with a hyphen, then the key component is put in the plural form: man-of-war - men-of-war; hotel-keeper - hotel-keepers.
If there is no noun element in the compound word, then to form the plural, add -s to the last element: forget-me-nots, drop-outs.

6. Nouns denoting objects, two-piece, are used only in plural form, for example: scissors, trousers, jeans, shorts, pyjamas, spectacles, scales... Similar words are often used in the phrase a pair of -s, for example: a pair of scissors, a pair of trousers etc.

7. Only in the singular form are the nouns hair, money, knowledge, information, progress ( e.g. His hair was gray. The money is on the table).

8. Expression a number of agrees with the plural verb, and the number of requires a singular verb ( e.g. The number of people we need to hire is thirteen. A number of people have written in about this subject).

9. Nouns latin and Greek origin:

Is\u003e -es (Greek) basis, crisis, hypothesis, analysis, thesis, axis ( e.g. The hypothesis were supported by the data)
-on\u003e -a (Greek) criterion, phenomenon ( e.g. These phenomena follow the Newton Law)
-us\u003e -i (lat.) radius, alumnus, nucleus, genius
-a\u003e -ae (lat.) formula, vita
-um\u003e -a (lat.) datum, medium, bacterium
-ix / -ex\u003e -ices (lat.) index, appendix

10. Words like dozen, score (ten), couple, pair, stone (measure of weight stone), head (head of cattle) have both forms of number, but if they are used together with a specific number, they remain in the singular: e.g. four dozen eggs, two score tables... If they are used in the meaning of "many", then they take the plural form: e.g. scores of people, dozens of boxes.

There are words in English that mean at least several people, animals or objects. But the most surprising thing is that they do not always take the plural form.

How so, you ask?

Yes, such nouns in the singular are used as with verbs in the 3rd person singular (for example, IS , DOES ), and with verbs in the 3rd person plural (for example, ARE , DO ). A riddle?

No, these are the traditions of the language and you need to know them.

Words like FAMILY , TEAM , COMMITTEE , FIRM are collective (collective nouns ) because they tend to denote groups of people.

And we can treat a group of people as an impersonal group (we do not focus on people, its component) or as a group of individuals where each person is important. In the first case, with such nouns, we will use the verb in the 3rd person singular, in the second case - in the 3rd person plural.

Subordinate clauses are introduced:

• using pronouns Who if the group is viewed as an association of individuals;
• with help WHICH if impersonal union is meant.

But let's turn to examples:

My family , who have lived on this island all their lives, are determined to stay there. — My family members, who have lived on this island all their lives, intend to stay there.

∗ The proposal emphasizes that the family has several generations.

The team who are playing this weekend include neither of the new signings . — The team playing this weekend does not include new players.

∗ Here we are talking about the players on the team.

The team , which lies third from the bottom of the league, will also be relegated this year . — The team ranked third at the bottom of the league roster will be relegated.

∗ The team is considered as one of the league groups.

The human resources committee is going to meet on Thursday . — The Human Resources Committee meets on Thursday.

∗ In this case, we are talking about the organization as a whole.

My firm , which was established in 1932, has been manufacturing motor mowers since 1950. They lookafter me very well and have an excellent pension scheme . — My company was founded in 1932. Since 1950 it has been producing motorized lawn mowers. The company (administration) takes good care of me and has a very good retirement plan.

∗ The first sentence refers to the firm as an organization. In the second, the author talks about specific people (about the company's management).

But collective nouns PEOPLE , POLICE , CATTLE are used only in the plural, they do not have the singular.

For instance,

People think I am mad . — People say that I'm crazy.

Police were called in to deal with the riot . — The police were called to eliminate the riot.

All cattle are descended from as few as 80 animals that were domesticated . — All farm animals come from 80 animals that have been domesticated.

And one more group of collective nouns formed from adjectives that is always used in the plural: THE RICH , THE POOR, THE HOMELESS (rich, poor, homeless) and others.

Only the rich benefit from the tax-cutting program . — Only the wealthy benefit from the tax cut program.

The poor are getting poorer . — The poor are getting poorer.

The homeless need more shelters . — The homeless need more shelters.

Now test yourself by choosing the correct form of the verb in brackets:

1) The class usually (wait / waits) for its teacher quietly.

2) The class (begin / begins) their homework assignments while waiting for the teacher.

3) Every afternoon the baseball team (follow / follows) the coach out to the hot field for practice.

4) After the three-hour practice, the team (shower / showers), (change / changes) into the street clothes, and (head / heads) to their air-conditiones homes.

5) Every morning, the herd (follow / follows) its leader to the watering hole for a drink.

6) The jury (find / finds) him guilty of murdering three people.

Write your answers in the comments, and we will definitely check them.

Collective nouns are not something that can be collected, not mushrooms or berries. Collective nouns are words that denote a group of objects: objects, people or animals. Heap (of things), group (people), flock (birds) are collective nouns. This also includes words such as army, government, collective - I think you get the idea. In contrast to the Russian language, there are several peculiarities in the use of collective nouns in English.

Universal

Let's start by looking at these collective numbers, at what they are. Let's start with universal words that can be used with almost all nouns - both things and people.

Group - Group ( group of stars, group of engineers)
Number - "some number" ( number of countries, number of students)
Bunch - a funny word, literally means something like "bundle" ( bunch of flowers). And in spoken language, it can be used with almost anything from bunch of atomsif you are teaching molecular physics before bunch of zombiesif you play computer shooter. Even "thank you" can be tied into such a bundle, thanking the phrase " thanks a bunch».

For a group of subjects

Here are some of the most common collective nouns in English for a group of subjects:

pile - heap ( pile of money)
pack - pack ( pack of cigarettes)
set - set ( set of rules)
series - series ( series of events)

For a group of people

But what words can be called different groups of people:

crowd - crowd ( crowd of protesters)
team or crew - command ( team of professionals)
gang - gang ( gang of robbers)
troop - detachment ( troop of soldiers)

You can also include words like family (family), government (government), army (army), audience (audience, spectators), staff (staff, employees).

Generally speaking, English is quite inventive with collective nouns. Such as panel of experts, board of directors or flock of tourists... In general, there are dozens of names for groups of people of different professions. Although in real life they are not only used by few - and generally few know. Therefore, words are always enough for real life. group, number or bunch.

For animals

English is no less inventive in the names of groups of different species of animals. Here are the most common ones:

herd - herd ( herd of goats)
swarm - swarm ( swarm of bees)
flock - flock (about birds, flock of seagulls)
pack - flock (about animals, pack of wolves)

Plural of nouns in English is formed by attaching the ending -s to the end of the noun in the singular. For instance:

boy - boy s

chair - chair s

But, as always, things are not so simple, as there are a number of exceptions.

1.a man - men man - men

A woman [′ wʊmǝn] - women [′ wɪmɪn] woman - women

a child - children [′ tʃɪldrǝn] child - children

a foot - feet

a tooth - teeth tooth - teeth

a goose - geese - goose - geese

a mouse - mice mouse - mice

a louse - lice lice - lice

an ox - oxen ox - oxen

2. There are nouns that do not change their plural form at all:

a deer - deer deer - deer

a grouse - grouse partridge - partridge

a salmon [′ sæmǝn] - salmon - salmon, salmon - salmon, salmon

A sheep - sheep sheep - sheep

a trout - trout trout - trout

Here you can also add the names of representatives of some nationalities whose names end in the sounds [z] and [s]: Vietnamese (Vietnamese - Vietnamese), Chinese (Chinese - Chinese), Japanese (Japanese - Japanese), Portuguese (Portuguese - Portuguese ), Swiss (Swiss - Swiss).

3. You should also remember a few rules for the formation of plural words of foreign origin. Words ending in -us become plural -i: a radius - radii or. These include the words: bacillus, cactus, fungus, nucleus, terminus. There are exceptions here too. Some nouns with the same singular ending get a different plural ending. For example: a genus - genera, a corpus - corpora.

Words with the singular ending -а, which goes into the plural in -ае and pronounced like or. These are the words antenna, formula, nebula (an antenna - antennae).

Endings of nouns in singular and plural:

Um - -a (bacterium - bacteria; memorandum etc.);

Is - -es (an axis - axes; basis, crisis, thesis, oasis etc.);

On - -a (a phenomenon - phenomena etc.);

Ex / -ix - -ices [ɪsi: z] (a matrix - matrices; appendix, index etc.);

Eau - -eaux [ǝʊ] or [ǝʊz] (a bureau - bureaux; plateau, tableau etc.).

4. There are several groups of words in the English language that have the ending -s in the singular. The first group of such words is always used only in the singular and refers to uncountable nouns: news (news), measles (measles), mumps (pig), physics (physics), mathematics (mathematics) and other sciences.

Another group combines words that have the same form in the singular and plural:

A barracks - barracks, bellows (bellows, bellows), gallows, gasworks, golf-links (golf course), headquarters (headquarters), innings (ball pitch) in cricket), kennels (kennel, kennel), means (means), series (series), species (species).

5. Another group presents us with paired nouns that are always used in the plural: binoculars (binoculars), braces (British suspenders), breeches (breeches, pants), glasses (glasses), jeans (jeans), knickers ( breeches, panties, baby pants), pants (trousers, pants, underpants, underpants), pincers (tongs, tongs, tweezers), pliers (tongs, tongs, pliers), pyjamas (pajamas), scales (scales), scissors (scissors ), shorts (shorts, men's underpants), spectacles (glasses), tights (tights), tongs (tongs, tongs), trousers (trousers, pants), tweezers (tongs, tongs, tweezers).

6. And the last group is nouns used only in the plural. The most common: antipodes (antipodes), archives (archive - storage and materials), arms (weapons, coat of arms), belongings (accessories, things), clothes (clothes), congratulations (congratulations), earnings (earnings), goods (goods, things, property), looks (a person's appearance, external data), manners (behavior in society, good manners, good manners, ability to behave), odds (probability, opportunity, chance; difficulties; inequality; overweight; disagreement) , outskirts (outskirts, suburbs; surroundings; forest edge), particulars (detailed report, in particular), premises (house with adjacent outbuildings and a plot; ownership; real estate), remains (remnants, remains), surroundings (surroundings; environment; surroundings) , valuables (valuables, valuables; jewelry), whereabouts (location, place of residence, location).

Finally, nouns stand apart that do not have formal signs of the plural, but have the sense of plurality, so to speak, collective nouns. These are the words people (people), cattle (cattle), police (police). These words are combined with plural verbs.

The police are investigating the case... - The police are investigating this case.

They are joined by nouns in the singular, denoting a group of people and combined with a predicate either in the singular or in the plural: family (family), crew (crew), staff (personnel, staff, personnel), clergy (clergy), youth ( youth), gentry (nobility), etc.

He is American but his family come / comes from Ireland. - He is American, but his family is from Ireland. (if you want to emphasize the family as a whole, then you should use comes, and if as all family members, then come).

And be sure to watch the video, which teaches in what cases the words are not simply added s, and other metamorphoses with the word occur.