Shrubs for the garden (38 photos): types. Beautiful flowering, fruit and ornamental garden shrubs. Fruit trees and berry bushes in a small garden Fruit trees in central Russia

It is called creeping hop, beer hop, climbing hop, bitter hop... This powerful and beautiful vine has everything to be useful to humans. Hops is revered by many peoples of the world; it is a symbol of fertility, strong economy, prowess, happiness and longevity; it is depicted on coats of arms and coins. But many summer residents are not at all happy with him. Hops tend to grow rapidly, suppressing the growth of cultivated plants around them. But is it really necessary to fight it?

Pork with eggplant - a delicious stew with vegetables and spicy rice, easy and simple to prepare for dinner or lunch. It will take about half an hour to prepare, so this recipe can be classified as “if you need dinner quickly.” The dish turns out nourishing, aromatic, piquant. Turmeric gives the ingredients a beautiful golden-yellow color, while cloves, cardamom, garlic and chili add a piquant touch to the dish. For this recipe, choose lean meat.

Seed propagation in the garden strawberries we are used to, unfortunately, leads to the appearance of less productive plants and weaker bushes. But another type of these sweet berries, alpine strawberries, can be successfully grown from seeds. Let's learn about the main advantages and disadvantages of this crop, consider the main varieties and features of agricultural technology. The information presented in this article will help you decide whether it is worth allocating a place for it in the berry garden.

Despite the confusion with the name “Christmas cactus” that has accumulated over the past decades, one of the most recognizable and colorful forest cacti, epiphyllums, remains everyone’s favorites. Leafless, with flattened stems, flowering amazingly profusely, hybrid epiphyllums with their hanging shoots and delicate flowers do not require particularly complex care from their owners. They can become the most striking flowering succulent plant in any collection.

Merchant style buckwheat with meat and pumpkin is an easy recipe for a delicious dinner or lunch. I recommend finishing it in the oven, although you can also cook it on the stove. Firstly, it tastes better in the oven, as the buckwheat steams, becomes very tasty, and the meat turns out tender. Secondly, the hour that it languishes in the oven can be spent on yourself or communicating with loved ones. Perhaps many will decide that buckwheat with meat is an ordinary dish, but try cooking it according to this recipe.

Often, when we see a beautiful flower, we instinctively bend down to smell its fragrance. All fragrant flowers can be divided into two large groups: nocturnal (pollinated by moths) and daytime, whose pollinators are mainly bees. Both groups of plants are important for the florist and designer, because we often walk around the garden during the day and relax in our favorite corners when evening comes. We are never overwhelmed by the scent of our favorite fragrant flowers.

Many gardeners consider pumpkin to be the queen of garden beds. And not only because of its size, variety of shapes and colors, but also for its excellent taste, healthy qualities and rich harvest. Pumpkin contains a large amount of carotene, iron, various vitamins and minerals. Thanks to the possibility of long-term storage, this vegetable supports our health all year round. If you decide to plant a pumpkin on your plot, you will be interested in learning how to get the largest possible harvest.

Scotch eggs - incredibly delicious! Try to prepare this dish at home, there is nothing difficult in preparation. Scotch eggs are a hard-boiled egg wrapped in minced meat, breaded in flour, egg and breadcrumbs and deep-fried. For frying, you will need a frying pan with a high side, and if you have a deep fryer, then that’s just great - even less hassle. You will also need oil for frying so as not to smoke in the kitchen. Choose farm eggs for this recipe.

One of the most amazing large-flowered tubs of Dominican Cubanola fully justifies its status as a tropical miracle. Warm-loving, slow-growing, with huge and in many ways unique bells of flowers, Cubanola is a fragrant star with a complex character. It requires special conditions in the rooms. But for those who are looking for exclusive plants for their interior, a better (and more chocolatey) candidate for the role of indoor giant cannot be found.

Chickpea curry with meat is a hearty hot dish for lunch or dinner, inspired by Indian cuisine. This curry is quick to prepare but requires some prep. The chickpeas must first be soaked in plenty of cold water for several hours, preferably overnight; the water can be changed several times. It is also better to leave the meat in the marinade overnight so that it turns out juicy and tender. Then you should boil the chickpeas until tender and then prepare the curry according to the recipe.

Rhubarb cannot be found in every garden plot. It's a pity. This plant is a storehouse of vitamins and can be widely used in cooking. What is not prepared from rhubarb: soups and cabbage soup, salads, delicious jam, kvass, compotes and juices, candied fruits and marmalade, and even wine. But that's not all! The large green or red rosette of leaves of the plant, reminiscent of burdock, acts as a beautiful background for annuals. It is not surprising that rhubarb can also be seen in flower beds.

Today, the trend is to experiment with unusual combinations and non-standard colors in the garden. For example, plants with black inflorescences have become very fashionable. All black flowers are original and specific, and it is important for them to be able to select suitable partners and location. Therefore, this article will not only introduce you to an assortment of plants with slate-black inflorescences, but will also teach you the intricacies of using such mystical plants in garden design.

3 delicious sandwiches - a cucumber sandwich, a chicken sandwich, a cabbage and meat sandwich - a great idea for a quick snack or for an outdoor picnic. Just fresh vegetables, juicy chicken and cream cheese and a little seasoning. There are no onions in these sandwiches; if you wish, you can add onions marinated in balsamic vinegar to any of the sandwiches; this will not spoil the taste. Having quickly prepared snacks, all that remains is to pack a picnic basket and head to the nearest green lawn.

Depending on the varietal group, the age of seedlings suitable for planting in open ground is: for early tomatoes - 45-50 days, average ripening periods - 55-60 and late ones - at least 70 days. When planting tomato seedlings at a younger age, the period of its adaptation to new conditions is significantly extended. But success in obtaining a high-quality tomato harvest also depends on carefully following the basic rules for planting seedlings in open ground.

August is the time when the garden berries are gone; apples, pears and plums are ripe in the middle zone. And gardeners have time to look at their fruit trees and shrubs and think: are they all needed on the site, is it time to get rid of something - and what seedlings to buy instead? This is how the author of books on gardening, Galina Kizima, suggests conducting an audit of the garden - her summer cottage is located in the Leningrad region.

Gardeners have one very favorite rake. We don’t want to come to terms with the fact that pineapple doesn’t grow here, and we plant whatever we like. How can you learn to make your plantings thoughtfully?

Discard those inhabitants of your garden that are of no interest as fruit or berry crops. For decorative reasons, leave in your garden only those that do not require much care and attention. Of the fruit trees and shrubs, plant only those that provide a good yield with minimal labor, and most importantly, sharply reduce the number of such plants.

1. Start by making a list of all the trees, shrubs, and other large plants you have and write the number next to each one.
2. Now cut this amount in half.
3. Then eliminate those plants that you can do without.
4. Then see which of those left on the list satisfy you with the quantity and quality of the harvest obtained. Put a plus sign next to them.
5. And also remove from the list the problematic ones that constantly require your attention or a lot of work.

Fruit trees: how many apples, pears, plums to plant?

First question: how much do you have? apple trees growing on the site? But you only need three: summer, early autumn and autumn (advice for the northern regions, since late autumn, and even more so winter varieties ripen there once every 5-7 years).

If the family is small, then two varieties of apple trees will suffice: early autumn and autumn. In a good year, you will have enough to eat and will have enough left over to prepare for the winter. During a lean harvest, eat with pleasure.

Grush in any case, you need two, they are, of course, better eaten than apples, but they are not particularly good for anything else, they are poorly stored, and they bear fruit annually and abundantly.

Cherries It’s better to have bush ones; real ones don’t grow anywhere except hot continental places. They get sick a lot; in the northern regions this is a problematic crop. So why do you need her on the site? Well, perhaps for the beauty of the spring garden.

Plums and even worse, in the northern territories they generally bear fruit once every 3-7 years, the trees are unsightly, and do not decorate the garden. Plums are not too expensive, buy some to eat. They, like cherries, are cross-pollinated, and therefore you need to plant 2-3 and, moreover, a suitable variety. How will you know about this? When in 4-5 years it turns out that there are a dozen berries hanging on them? Well, that means the pollinator is not the one you need. And all over again.

In the North-West, and therefore everywhere, cherry plums and damsons grow. So raise them. Cherry plum is a large plant, about the size of an apple tree, and you need two of them, preferably self-fertile ones. And the damson is a small plant and will survive alone.

Does apricot grow in the northern regions? No, it doesn't grow if it's a real apricot. Judging by Kurdyumov’s books, it doesn’t grow in Krasnodar either. Although this plant is quite winter-hardy and tolerates severe frosts without snow cover, but only in a continental climate. The fact is that he does not have a good night's sleep. During winter thaws, the plant easily “wakes up”, it begins to flow sap, and then a sharp cold snap causes the death of the cambium. Another reason is late spring frosts, which destroy young leaves and buds that have entered the period of growth and development, and even more so flowers.

What shrubs to plant in the garden

Irga- the plant is tall, although it is a bush, it is unproductive, the berries are insipid, uninteresting, children, however, love to eat them from the bush. But so do birds. Almost half of the crop is destroyed. You can cut it without letting it grow. It will thicken with root growth and form a nice green fence. So plant it in quality. Does not require any maintenance. If you let it go, it will reach 4-5 m. Then cut it down to the root. It will grow again.

Sea ​​buckthorn. You don’t need many, you just need one, if there is a male specimen within a radius of 100 m, the harvest is guaranteed. If there is no harvest, you will have to get your own peasant. Most do not harvest the crops, but leave them to feed the birds. The question arises: why are they imprisoned? Obviously, for completeness of the range.

The plant is pretty, it can be trimmed while maintaining the desired height, so you can use it as a green hedge, but only outside the site, otherwise in 10-15 years you will only have to fight its ubiquitous growth, and it is difficult to tear it out.

Actinidia With us, it’s not so much living and growing as it is barely surviving. It’s painful to watch how during spring frosts all the leaves and young shoots freeze completely. This is how the poor fellow suffers every spring. During all the time that I pulled the actinidia out of its half-fainting state, it only gave a harvest once in a rare year without spring frosts, and even with a warm summer. Only 1.2 kg from a fifteen-year-old vine! So she grew old, poor thing, practically barren. I had to remove it. It's a shame I didn't do this right away.

It is believed that Actinidia Kolomikta (the only one that grows in the northern regions) is a beautiful plant for gazebos, pergolas, and walls due to its ability to change the color of its leaves. I’ll tell you honestly that it’s much easier and without any problems to plant virgin grapes for this purpose. He will grow up and be no less beautiful.

Red Ribes, like black, are northwestern plants. Nothing takes them away, they grow and bear fruit perfectly. You just need to acquire good, zoned varieties that are genetically stable. One bush is enough for red, because a good bush produces up to 12 kg of berries annually. Where else? You can’t eat a lot of it, the wine made from it is mediocre, you don’t need a lot of jelly either (however, it’s much tastier with raspberries in a 4:1 ratio).

A good bush is capable of producing about 6 kg of berries annually, so 3-4 bushes are more than enough for a family.

Gooseberry- the plant is useful, even very useful, but caring for it is difficult because of the thorns. The best varieties either freeze slightly due to the level of snow cover, or constantly suffer from powdery mildew. So they will require care. It is better to grow varieties with black-colored berries; they are resistant to powdery mildew and practically do not freeze. If you take good care of 2-3 bushes, there will be enough berries for everything.

Berry bushes will have to regularly cut out aging and therefore poorly fruiting branches, feed and water (black currants), rejuvenate the bushes in time, or even replace them altogether. But if you have a reasonable number of them growing, then it won’t take much time, especially if you do the following:

• once every three years, plant a tablespoon of AVA fertilizer into the soil under the bush (along the perimeter of the crown);
• water the bush and the soil under it with “Fitosporin” in spring and autumn;
• do not remove fallen leaves from under the bushes, but, on the contrary, throw shaved weeds (under them and around them) under them.

To protect against pests and spheroteca (American powdery mildew), there is a simple old-fashioned method - in early June, throw a shovel of fresh manure into the middle of the bush. Again, place the tomato shoots under the bushes to disorient the pests with the smell of withering tops.

Black rowan One is enough, but it is very decorative, so it can be used for decorative decoration of the garden, including for creating a fence.

Japanese Quince (Chaenomeles) It is not of great food value; it freezes above the level of snow cover, but it is one of the first to bloom, and very beautifully.

- a very useful berry crop, in general it does not require much care, but for a good harvest you need 2-3 bushes, since the plant is strictly cross-pollinated. In addition, honeysuckle will bear fruit decently only in a sunny place.

Discussion

The article is essentially not bad, it would also be nice to know what region the story is about. Our plums grow wonderfully, and there are no problems with gooseberries.

What a smart article! Where were you before? We planted so much unnecessary stuff. We went through every word of this story from our own experience and the extra apple trees, currants and shadberry filled half of the plot, then it took a long time to get rid of them.

Comment on the article "Do-it-yourself garden: which seedlings to buy, which trees to get rid of"

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A large garden is every gardener's dream. In it you can realize all your dreams and ideas regarding the number of different ornamental, fruit and berry crops. On a large land area, you don’t have to worry about saving space; such a problem does not even arise. But gardeners who have a small garden plot will have to work hard to properly and competently plan and organize the planting of all types of plants. After all, you want to get a good harvest, and build a beautiful flower garden, and maybe even a small lawn.

On a limited land area, it is necessary to use non-standard solutions from experienced landscape designers, gardeners and flower growers who will help place fruit trees and berry bushes even in the smallest space. This is only possible if ornamental and fruit crops are adjacent to each other and interspersed with each other. A familiar orchard can easily become a picturesque area consisting of flowering ornamental plants and fruit trees and shrubs. At first it seems like a difficult task, but the result is worth it.

In order for different types of plants to fully develop and not interfere with each other, it is necessary to select them according to the following principles:

• According to the place of cultivation.
• According to soil requirements.
• According to the illumination of the area.

Neighboring crops with similar requirements will not only get along well, but will also bring benefits in the form of a high-quality harvest and decorative appeal. There are many options for replacing an ornamental plant with a fruit plant.

Coniferous tree – for fruit tree (plum, cherry, apple tree)

If pine and spruce trees grow in the garden plot, you can replace one of these trees with an equally attractive apple tree or other fruit tree, which will maintain the decorative nature of the composition in any season. After all, the branches of pine needles in combination with the branches of a flowering tree in the spring, with a lush green crown in the summer and a scattering of fruits shining in the sun in the fall look great next to each other and are a complete composition. Only in winter, when fruit trees stand without foliage, will the aesthetic appearance be slightly disrupted, but the harvest has been harvested and preparations for the winter have been made.

Thuja - on raspberry bushes, boxwood - on blackberries or rose hips

A hedge on the site, consisting of thuja or boxwood bushes, which acts as a dense plant screen, can become half fruit and berry. This addition will only give it uniqueness and charm and will be able to protect it from uninvited guests and prying eyes. A hedge of thuja and raspberry bushes will look great and attract attention with its rich green color and bright red splashes of berries against its background.

If the hedge is located on a trellis, try replacing individual ornamental plants with blackberry bushes, which will not only look elegant, but also produce large harvests. Well, initially you can create such a barrier from several types of wild fruit and berry plantings. How many benefits will the fruits of rose hips, sea buckthorn or hawthorn bring! Their care is minimal, and the result is a considerable harvest of healthy berries and a wonderful decoration for the garden.

In a limited garden area, you can use standard forms of fruit crops that will not overload the overall landscape, but will become elements dividing the garden plot into zones. Such plants can be planted in a straight line or in a semicircle to define a recreation area or a children's clearing.

Roses - for Japanese quince or gooseberries

Flower beds and flower beds play an important role in a personal plot. Their real decoration and main pride are often roses of various types and varieties. These traditional ornamental shrubs can be replaced with gooseberry or quince bushes, lingonberries or blueberries.

Ground cover plants - for garden strawberries

Numerous types of ground cover plants are used in the garden not only for decoration, comfort, filling space, but also to protect against weeds. They cover any area with a dense carpet and create a clearing pleasing to the eye. A clearing made from garden strawberries will look no worse in appearance and decorativeness. This perennial plant looks very impressive and bears a large number of useful fruits over 3-4 seasons.

Clematis and wisteria - for grapes and actinidia

Grapes and a close relative of kiwi, actinidia, can become worthy, attractive and useful decorations for buildings and walls of houses. You can also use trellises, along which the plants will quickly climb up and not take up much space in the garden.

For garden areas with a minimum area, there is also an excellent option for landscaping and beautifying the area with fruit plants. Standard forms of berry and fruit crops that grow in tubs will come to the rescue. Their disadvantage is a small harvest, but such plants can be placed in any part of the garden, as well as on the terrace, loggia, balcony and in a variety of non-standard places.

When growing fruit crops in tubs, it is very important to choose the right container (usually a large size), fill it with a high-quality and suitable soil mixture (and not ordinary soil from the garden) and regularly apply appropriate fertilizers throughout the spring-summer, and for some, the autumn season .

You can grow a wide variety of crops in tubs - grapes, strawberries and strawberries, raspberries and blackberries, peach, almonds, apple trees, pears and many others. Berry crops can grow well in tubs in combination with ornamental plants. A balcony or terrace can become a real orchard, because containers and tubs do not require much space, and if there is a trellis, even the walls will turn into a decorative decoration of dense foliage or a variety of flowers.

Experienced gardeners recommend that when creating such a complex planting, it is imperative to take into account the requirements of the plants. Each crop must receive sufficient heat, water, lighting and nutrition. In mixed plantings, you should also pay attention to the height of the plants and plant them alternately - low-growing ones (flowering crops) in the foreground, and tall ones (pear trees, apple trees, rose hips) in the background.

Rules for planning a garden plot (video)

The dream of any summer resident is a plot on which trees and fruit bushes for the garden will be competently and efficiently distributed, with an optimally selected, comfortable planting site for each of them.

What can you plant in the shade?

It is easiest to identify light-loving crops (of which there are an overwhelming number) on your acres of land. The problem arises with shady areas, where not all fruit trees and shrubs for the garden can grow. Besides, shadow is different!

The shade from the trees is different from the shade on the north side of the house. As you understand, in the second case it is denser. The shadow of one tree is not the same as the dull shadow created by a group of plantings. It can be temporary and light (and many plantings accept it normally), or it can be permanent and dense, creating a huge problem in selecting a suitable tree or shrub for a low-light area.

You can try to plant light-loving fruit bushes for the garden in a shaded place, but the return from them compared to what is expected will be completely opposite, because the crops will only have to adapt to unfavorable conditions for themselves and simply try to survive in them, not to mention their high productivity.

Shrubs in the shade as decorative garden elements

Shade-loving plants for the garden will enliven shaded places with their foliage, and often attention is attracted not by their flowers, but by their leaves: original, varied, adding decorativeness to the overall appearance. Factors such as diversity (kidney-shaped, lobed, heart-shaped, lanceolate), their unusual texture (color shades, raised veins, pubescence) and even arrangement on the stem (alternate, not covering or shading each other) can create an attractive a composition from which it will also be possible to subsequently obtain an excellent, high-quality harvest.

The following shade-tolerant fruit trees and garden shrubs are suitable for planting in the shade:

• red, pink, white, black, alpine currants;
• raspberries;
• blackberry;
• black elderberry;
• hazel;
• dogwood;
• viburnum;
• edible honeysuckle;
• barberry;
• gooseberry;
• male derain;
• Apple tree.

Currants grow in the sun and will help in the shade

Naturally, shade-loving fruit bushes for the garden planted in sunny places will bear fruit much better, but in the absence of an alternative, these are optimal crops that can grow well in the shade.

Currant is one of the shrubs most adapted for growing in the shade. Unpretentious in care, it reproduces easily and quickly in all its varieties. Compact bushes of such high-yielding varieties as Pygmy, Rusalka, Yadrenaya will delight you with large berries.

It is a beautiful tall (about 2 meters) shrub, characterized by yellow flowers and graceful leaves. Flowering occurs in May, and in July the crop is already able to please with appetizing-looking red berries, which are actually completely tasteless. Currants are a winter-hardy plant, which can be attributed to the advantage of such a crop.

Shadow protector: black elderberry

Like other shade-tolerant fruit shrubs for the garden, it is an excellent decoration for any site and, in addition, can effectively protect it from pests. It will be very difficult for it to grow in strong shade; the plant will tolerate partial shade calmly. Black shiny fruits remain on the bushes even after the leaves fall. The berries, flowers, leaves and bark of the plant have healing properties due to their unique chemical composition.

Shrub of Life - Honeysuckle

The very interpretation of the name of the culture (“life” and “youth”) indicates the enormous benefits of such a plant. The shrub, whose height can reach 2.5 meters, has yellowish-brown bark and pale green oblong leaves. Not all fruit bushes for the garden are characterized by such vitality; The age of honeysuckle in natural conditions can exceed a hundred years. This plant is simply recommended for growing in summer cottages due to its powerful anti-inflammatory characteristics, choleretic and diuretic effects, as well as the performance of protective functions, especially in cases of intoxication of the body. Interestingly, the first pruning of the plant is carried out 5-7 years after planting due to its too slow growth. With such a bush, a plot located in the shade can turn into a real berry conveyor belt; the main thing is to have time to harvest a bountiful harvest!

Shade plants for health

Viburnum is a beautiful shrub that is pleasant to admire at any time of the year. In summer, the plant pleases the eye with attractive spherical or umbrella-shaped inflorescences with pale pink or snow-white flowers. In autumn, the carved foliage sparkles admiration, playing with different shades of berries hanging on the branches: from juicy orange to rich crimson-red. Viburnum fruits can hang until the snow falls, being especially popular with birds during this period. The beneficial properties of this culture are successfully used in folk medicine. Fruit bushes for the garden, in particular viburnum, will only decorate the summer cottage, giving it a touch of aristocratic nobility and ornamental beauty.

Rosehip (most varieties) - also in the summer will delight you with fragrant bright flowers and a swarm of bumblebees useful for the garden; in the fall, the plant will produce a wonderful harvest of healthy berries, which, when dried, will become a medicinal basis for many medicinal compositions.

Raspberries are tasty and aromatic, a favorite berry of adults and children, the benefits of which are known to everyone. Being a shade-tolerant plant, it is very demanding of the soil in which it grows. The area allocated for its planting should be moderately moist and protected from piercing winds. The varieties most adapted for growing in the shade are Turner, Marlboro, Crimson Mammut. The compatibility of fruit trees and shrubs in the garden should be taken into account when planting raspberries and apple trees nearby. This neighborhood is unprofitable for both. The fast-growing root system of raspberries, located close to the surface, takes all nutrients from the soil, thereby dooming its fruit neighbor to a hungry existence. The apple tree, in turn, during the period of active development, which coincides with the flowering and fruiting of raspberries, generously shares with the latter the pests present on it, the destruction of which by spraying will cause poisons to reach the ripe raspberries.

Dogwood and hazel: useful and beautiful

Dogwood is a less common crop, but this in no way detracts from its medicinal and technical properties. Representing a bush or tree, the height of which is about 2.5 meters, it has a well-leafed, compact crown, giving the area in which it grows a neat and well-groomed appearance. The taste of juicy aromatic fruits is sweet, with some pleasant sourness. The plant is not picky about soils, but it bears fruit optimally on well-fertilized light soils. Productivity increases progressively: at the age of 5-10 years the plant can produce up to 25 kg of fruits, at 15-20 years - from 40 to 60 kg, at 25-40 years - up to 100 kg of beautiful high-quality berries.

Common hazel, which is becoming increasingly popular among gardeners due to its tasty fruits, tolerates shade well and grows up to 5 meters in height. Blooming early, before the leaves bloom, it forms graceful earrings at the ends of the shoots, when you look at them, your mood rises in anticipation of the onset of long-awaited warm days.

Barberry for decoration

Barberry, a branched thorny shrub, is characterized by tall growth, but its dwarf varieties are most in demand among gardeners, convenient for harvesting and effectively used as a decorative hedge. The culture is characterized by increased winter hardiness.

Sour berries are most often used in industry. Barberry prefers neutral soils and is characterized by easy survival and rapid growth. Needs periodic pruning. If we take into account the compatibility of fruit trees and shrubs in the garden, then barberry goes well with raspberries and can easily grow next to them.

for shady areas

Gooseberries, moderately demanding on soil, grow well in the shade, are characterized by winter hardiness and high yields. Berries are rich in many beneficial substances.

Blackberries, as well as red rose hips, until a certain time were considered an exclusively light-loving plant. This statement has been refuted experimentally: such crops bear fruit well in semi-shaded places, delighting the consumer with their tasty and healthy fruits.

It is recommended to select fruit trees and shrubs in the garden (you can see photos of them in this article), focusing not only on their agrotechnical characteristics, but also using your own imagination, aimed at creating a beautiful autumn composition that will play with a variety of colors: green, orange, yellow, purple. A bright area will delight with its contrast, giving the gardener a great mood and inspiration to create future masterpieces.

How to choose the best varieties of fruit trees and bushes for the Moscow region. The Moscow region is divided into three agroclimatic regions based on heat, moisture supply, terrain and soil type.

The first agroclimatic region includes the following areas: Taldomsky, Dmitrovsky, Zagorsky, Lotoshinsky, Shakhovskoy, Volokolamsky, Klinsky, Mozhaysky, Ruzsky and the western part of Solnechnogorsk, Istrinsky, Odintsovo and Naro-Fominsk.

The second agroclimatic region includes the central part of the Moscow region. Based on the type of soil cover, this area is divided into two subdistricts:

With loamy soils - this includes such administrative districts as Pushkinsky, Mytishchi, Shchelkovsky, Balashikha, Krasnogorsky, Khimki, Lyuberetsky, Ramensky, Voskresensky, Leninsky, Podolsky, Chekhovsky, Serpukhovsky, Stupinsky and the eastern part of Solnechnogorsk, Istrinsky, Odintsovo and Naro-Fominsky :

With sandy and sandy loam soils - this includes Noginsky, Pavlovo-Posadsky, Orekhovo-Zuevsky, Shatura administrative districts, most of the Yegoryevsky and a small part of the Voskresensky and Ramensky (left bank of the Moscow River) districts.

The third agroclimatic region is the warmest, it occupies the southeastern part of the Moscow region; here are the following administrative districts: Kashirsky, Lukhovitsky, Kolomensky, Zaraisky, Serebryano-Prudsky and the small southeastern part of Yegoryevsky.

The best varieties of fruit trees and shrubs in three agroclimatic regions of the Moscow region

The condition of fruit crops in each of the listed areas will be different after harsh winters. The growth, development and longevity of the same variety in each of these areas will also be different. Therefore, when zoning fruit crops, each variety is considered taking into account the requirements of the variety itself and the agroclimatic conditions of the given area.

For berry crops, the zoning of varieties within the region is not significant, since they all winter well with heavy snow cover.

The area of ​​a large garden is never equal in its relief, i.e. it has low and high areas. Even under the most favorable growing conditions, fruit trees of the same variety growing in different places in the garden will be damaged differently after a harsh winter. For example, the varieties Melba and Pepin saffron were severely frozen in the lowlands during a harsh winter and were not damaged in higher areas.

This circumstance must certainly be taken into account both when selecting varieties and when placing fruit trees in the garden.

The garden is not always located in conditions suitable for optimal growth and development of such main crops as apple trees, cherries, and strawberries. And even in difficult conditions of location and poor soil, the gardener has the opportunity, by selecting species and changing agricultural technology, to grow some berry plants on his personal plot. Thus, in a forest plot you can cultivate currants, actinidia, lingonberries, rose hips, lemongrass, blueberries, walnuts, etc. In conditions where fruit crops, apple and pear, are subject to severe freezing at the snow level, it is necessary to use highly winter-hardy skeleton-forming agents. In this case, varieties of apple and pear trees grafted into their crowns provide more guaranteed yields than when growing ordinary trees.

Finally, in especially warm and protected places, gardeners can successfully grow grapes and apricots, although not getting a harvest every year. But for a true gardener this is not the main thing, especially if it is known that even in the south of the country apricots do not produce ten harvests in ten years.

Currently, there is a large set of crops and varieties of fruit and berry plants, which, with skillful combination and correct agricultural technology, make it possible, from mid-June to the end of October, in the conditions of the Moscow region, to have fresh fruits and berries, and winter varieties of apples (with the right storage mode) - from October to May of next year.

The census of orchards (1970) in the Moscow region gave very interesting data on the variety set for the main crop - the apple tree. It turned out that in industrial gardens there are 16.6% of trees ripening in summer, 36.7% in autumn, 36.4% in winter and 9.9% in late winter. Apples of summer consumption can be stored and used fresh for 5-30 days, autumn - 60-75, winter - up to 120 and late winter - up to 200 days. Approximately the same set of apple trees in the orchards.

If we proceed from the daily consumption rate of apples, then the number of trees with different ripening periods should be calculated for a home garden as follows: out of ten trees, one tree should be of summer ripening, two - autumn, three - winter and four - late winter. And of course, to preserve apples of winter and late winter varieties, appropriate cellars, basements or other winter-proof premises with the most favorable regime for the preserved varieties must be prepared.

All of the varieties listed below are widely propagated in nurseries in the Moscow region (Table 1-4).

Table 1. Apple tree varieties for the Moscow region

Table 2. Cherry varieties for the Moscow region

* - Only in favorable places, i.e. protected area, southern or southwestern slope, fertile soils, good water and air drainage, etc.

Table 3. Pear varieties for the Moscow region

Table 4. Plum varieties for the Moscow region

Early currant varieties: Pamyat Michurin, Golubka, Black Lisavenko, Exhibition, Nyaryadnaya, Altai dessert, Early sweet (white); medium: Lia fertile, Stakhanovka Altai, Bradthorp, Dutch red, Chulkovskaya (red) and late variety Pobeda.

Early gooseberry varieties: Moscow red, Pink; medium: Russian, Smena, Kolkhozny, Krasnaya Zarya; late: Finik, Lada, Finnish I.

Medium raspberry varieties: Novost, Kuzmina, Newburg, Kaliningradskaya, Kostinbrodskaya; mid-late variety Ottawa and late variety Latham.

Early strawberry varieties: Krasavitsa Zagorya, Vnuchka, Early Maheraukha, Zarya, Leningradskaya early; medium: Festival, Komsomolskaya Pravda, Ideas, Purple, Redcoat; later: Talisman, Zenga Zengana.

Choosing a new variety of fruit trees for your garden

Interest in new varieties usually appears after the garden is planted and produces crops, when it is already possible to judge a particular variety by comparing it with the one in the garden. However, this does not mean that a new variety will be able to grow well in a particular garden; what is important is how it behaves in the conditions of a given garden. For comparison, of course, only the most winter-hardy varieties are suitable in the first place. If the new variety is equal in winter hardiness to Moscow Grushovka, Streifling or Antonovka vulgaris, then it can be planted in the garden; if it is less winter-hardy than Pepin saffron, Melba or Welsey (which, for example, grow in the garden), then it is not advisable to plant a new variety in the garden. It is more reliable to grow it after grafting into the skeleton of some resistant variety. We advise you to be guided by the same considerations when choosing new varieties of other crops.

Experienced gardeners who have been gardening for many years develop new varieties themselves. Obtaining hybrid seeds is quite simple for an experienced gardener, but from a large mass of plants, selecting the best, most resistant to diseases and pests, the most winter-hardy and the highest-yielding plant is not easy.

A serious difficulty lies in the objectivity of assessing your brainchild. As a rule, the gardener does not have the best varieties to control, as well as the required number of plants to obtain reliable data. Therefore, the variety he created; which has not undergone proper competitive variety testing, is not readable by new specialists and is not recommended for wide distribution. But if a variety is studied and turns out to be the best based on a set of characteristics, then it receives citizenship rights for a certain area.

You should not forget about these gardening features if you are going to breed a new variety.

Productivity of fruit trees and shrubs

Starting in July, the garden is literally filled with fruits and berries. There's nothing you can do about it. Seasonality in gardening is seasonality. Let us be prepared for such a pleasant and at the same time labor-intensive annual inevitability.

To harvest fruits, you can use, firstly, home canning. This method of storing fruits is now gaining more and more fans. It's simple, cheap, convenient and, on top of that, fun. In practice, 3-4 times less sugar is required than for jam, and less time is spent; The taste and dietary qualities of canned fruits are extremely high, and in winter and spring such fruits are an indispensable third dish on our table. For home canning you need a seaming machine, glass jars and lids. Fruits and berries can be processed into juices. A press is used for this purpose, but you can use a juicer or juicer.

Secondly, storage facilities must be prepared for apples ready for winter consumption.

To do this, it would be good to know the ripening times of the apple trees planted in the garden, and to do this, write down or indicate on the site plan all the varieties planted. The variety of an adult apple tree can be determined by formal characteristics, for example, the fruits are “...large, slightly greenish, with stripes, very tasty” - a variety of apples with this characteristic is called Dessert Petrova.

We also recommend recording and marking on the site plan what age the trees are, what and when fertilizers were applied, in what doses, what poisons, when and in what time frame pest control was carried out, what crops the trees and shrubs produce, etc. For example, lime should be applied once every 8-10 years. Has lime been applied to the entire garden at once and where exactly is the border of the unlimed area? Same with ash. Usually there is not much of it, and you have to add ash to individual areas as it accumulates. And it is better to mark on the plan exactly which areas it was applied to and which areas were not fertilized at all.

Or, for example, when planting trees, only some planting pits are filled with the full norms of organo-mineral fertilizers, and the remaining pits are filled with only peat mixed with soil. After two or three years, it becomes possible to supplement the peat with manure and mineral salts through focal (according to the projection of the crown) application. And in this case, notes or a plan will be very useful. We recommend storing all fertilizers and pesticides with a secure label, under lock and key, out of the reach of children.

About collecting fruits and berries

In the garden, it is important to successfully select varieties according to the ripening period and plant a reasonable number of plants in order to have time to harvest, take it home, and process it. If a berry or fruit hangs for too long, it will fall off.

For the proper organization of labor when picking fruits and berries, it makes sense to know how many (approximately) berries or fruits one person can collect in an hour (Table 5). Depending on the yield, the speed of harvesting fruits and berries also changes.

Table 5. How many kg of berries or fruits can one person pick in an hour?

For example, two adults can harvest 70 kg of fruit in an hour of work in the garden with an average harvest of crops such as apples and pears, and up to 10 kg of strawberries.