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© Kozhevnikov A. Yu., Lindberg T. B., 2011
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Leighton F. Pavonia
Brueghel P. Last Judgment (fragment)
From the compiler
“If anyone sees his brother sinning in sin, not unto death, let him pray, and God give him life that is sinning sin not to death. There is a sin unto death: I do not say that he should pray” (5:16-17). In other words, for the author, the division of sins into "mortal" and "non-mortal" is so obvious that he does not even name them.
Only one “unforgivable” sin can be found in the Bible: “…every sin and blasphemy will be forgiven people, but blasphemy against the Spirit will not be forgiven people; if anyone speaks a word against the Son of Man, he will be forgiven; but if anyone speaks against the Holy Spirit, he will not be forgiven either in this age or in the future” (Gospel of Matthew, 12, 31-32). However, the following warning is also found in the same text: “If you forgive people their sins, then your Heavenly Father will forgive you, but if you do not forgive people their sins, then your Father will not forgive you your sins” (6, 14 -fifteen). That is, any sin can become mortal if the person who commits it does not himself forgive people for their sins.
On the other hand, in the book of Proverbs (Old Testament), Solomon lists seven “abominations” that the Lord hates: “These are six that the Lord hates, even seven that are an abomination to His soul: proud eyes, a lying tongue and hands that shed innocent blood, a heart that forges evil plans, feet that quickly run to villainy, a false witness that speaks lies and sows discord among brothers ”(6, 16-19). There are no other indications of mortal sins and their number in the Bible.
The very concept of the "Seven Deadly Sins" is not part of the Christian creed, but only an attempt to build a hierarchy of human transgressions. Select the most terrible of them, that is, those that lead to the violation of any of the Ten Commandments or cause other sinful deeds, ultimately leading to the fact that the soul of the person who commits them ends up in hell after the Last Judgment.
This concept has been formed over the centuries and partly continues to develop today. The first attempts to identify the most terrible sins are found in the writings of Catholic priests starting from the 4th century. These sins included the following: anger, pride, envy, laziness, avarice, voluptuousness, gluttony, and sometimes also: theft, blasphemy, disbelief, slander, oppression of the poor and defenseless, extravagance, jealousy, premeditated murder, as well as excessive reliance on God's mercy and some others. At the same time, the Greek theologian-mystic Eugarius of Pontus (345–399) creates a doctrine according to which, in order to achieve the transition to enlightenment of the mind (Gnostic life), the other side of life, the practical one, must include the cleansing of the soul from 8 such passions and thoughts, how: fornication, anger, pride, sorrow, love of money, vanity, despondency, gluttony. In 553, at the 5th Ecumenical Council, the teachings of Eugarius were condemned and recognized as heretical. However, the very names of passions and thoughts were translated from Greek into Latin and used in Catholic prayers to designate the 7 most terrible sins: Greed(love of money), fornication, anger, pride(pride), gluttony(gluttony), despair(sadness and despondency) vanity. In 590, Pope Gregory the Great “corrected” this list by replacing despair on the despondency, fornication- on the lust and also combined vanity With pride and added envy.
It was in this form that this list ended up in the writings of Thomas Aquinas (c. 1225-1274), after the appearance of which the concept of the seven deadly sins became widespread not only in theology, but also in philosophy, literature and art. And in the XIV century. the so-called mnemonic rule SALIGIA was created - an abbreviation made up of the first letters of the Latin names of sins: Superbia (pride); Avaritia (greed); Luxuria (lust); Invidia (envy); Gula (gluttony); Ira (anger); Acedia (despondency).
In the Orthodox tradition, mortal sin is understood as any sin in which a person does not consciously repent. Nevertheless, there is a concept of 8 sinful passions, consistently presented in the work of Bishop Ignatius Bryanchaninov (1807-1867) "Eight main passions with their divisions and branches." These passions include: anger, pride, sadness, adultery, avarice, vanity, despondency, gluttony.
Along with the concept of the seven deadly sins, a tradition has developed in Christianity to oppose these sins with the basic virtues that allow people to use their abilities and abilities only for good. Thus, Thomas Aquinas, mentioned above, in his work “The Sum of Theology” singled out three theological virtues - Faith Hope Love, and four cardinal or fundamental - prudence, justice, courage, moderation. Subsequently, the Catholic Church revised this series and settled on the following: meekness, love, humility, patience, moderation, diligence, chastity, - and the Orthodox offers its own, slightly different list: temperance, meekness, love, non-possession, humility, sobriety, chastity.
But, apparently, a person is arranged in such a way that, even wanting to achieve perfection, eradicate evil and preserve his immortal soul, he focuses all his attention not on virtues, but on sins, probably believing that fighting sins is a more important matter than follow the virtues.
The topic of mortal sins has inspired many. World-famous artists (Giotto, Bosch, Brueghel, Callo, Titian), writers (Dante Alighieri, C. de Coster, E. Ionesco, M. Pavich), theater and film directors (B. Brecht, E. De Filippo, R. Rossellini C. Chabrol, J.-L. Godard, R. Vadim, D. Fincher), sculptors, photographers, philosophers and many, many others.
Not so long ago, one of the Catholic bishops, the head of the Apostolic Penitentiary, Monsignor G. Girotti, in an interview with the Vatican newspaper "L'Osservatore Romano" (9.03.2008), speaking about the change in the modern world of the external manifestation of "mortal sins", officially stated: "Genetic manipulation , environmental pollution, unequal distribution of public goods, social inequality - these are the new forms of sin that have appeared on the horizon of mankind, as an inevitable consequence of the globalization process.
Indeed, we have to state with bitterness that for our contemporary, the “seven deadly sins” have long ceased to be just a Christian concept and have become attributes of the world in which we live and which seems to have forgotten about the existence of virtue. To see this, just turn on the TV ...
Of course, such a situation cannot but excite, and I would like to hope that it excites many, regardless of religion, place of residence, age or gender.
This book presents aphorisms and statements of thinkers and philosophers, famous scientists and public figures, writers and musicians, artists and actors, who, as it seems to the compilers, were not indifferent. I would like to hope that their thoughts will help us understand the essence of each of the seven deadly sins and make sure that the seven main virtues must be observed.
Brueghel P. Envy ( fragment)
Instead of a preface
Brueghel P. Vanity (Pride) (fragment)
O what did you do, adam? When you sinned, not only you fell, but also us, who come from you. What good is it to us if we are promised immortal time, and we did mortal deeds? Eternal hope has been prophesied to us, and we, indecent, have become vain. Homes of health and peace are prepared for us, but we lived badly; the glory of the Most High is prepared to cover those who lived meekly, while we walked in evil ways.
Bible (3 Ezra 7, 48-52)
AT the last days will be hard times. For people will be lovers of themselves, lovers of money, proud, arrogant, blasphemers, disobedient to parents, ungrateful, ungodly, unfriendly, uncompromising, slanderers, intemperate, cruel, not loving good, traitors, insolent, pompous, more voluptuous than lovers of God, having an appearance of piety, but his powers are denied. Get rid of those. To these belong those who creep into houses and deceive women, drowning in sins, led by various lusts, always learning and never able to come to the knowledge of the truth.
Bible (2 Tim 3, 1-7)
AT from six that the Lord hates, even seven, which is an abomination to His soul: proud eyes, a lying tongue and hands that shed innocent blood, a heart that forges evil plans, feet that quickly run to villainy, a false witness that speaks lies and sows discord among brothers.
Bible (Proverbs 6:16-19)
D two qualities increase sins, and the third brings wrath: the soul is hot, like a blazing fire, it will not go out until it is exhausted; a person who fornicates in the body of his flesh will not stop until the fire burns out.
Bible (Sir 23:20-22)
AT from six vices in six phrases: to love philanthropy and not to love to learn. The downside is that it leads to stupidity. Love wisdom and dislike learning. The fault is that this leads to the fact that a person is scattered. Love truthfulness and dislike learning. The fault is that it leads to self-damage. Love directness and dislike learning. The fault is that it leads to rudeness. Love courage and dislike learning. The fault is that it leads to confusion. Love hardness and dislike learning. The fault is that it leads to madness.
Confucius
AT you steal and kill and commit adultery and swear lies and incense to Baal and walk in the footsteps of other gods which you do not know, and then come and stand before Me in this house which is called by My name and say: “We saved" to continue doing all these abominations. Has not this house become a den of thieves in your eyes, over which my name is called?
Bible (Jer 7:9-11)
D the bodies of the flesh are known; they are: adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness, idolatry, magic, enmity, quarrels, envy, anger, strife, disagreements (temptations), heresies, hatred, murders, drunkenness, outrageousness, and the like. I warn you, as I warned you before, that those who do so will not inherit the kingdom of God.
Bible (Gal 5:19-21)
E If thoughts of success and failure have crept into the mind, the demons of the mind will take possession of it. If lust has crept into the mind, the demons of debauchery will take possession of it. If anxiety has crept into consciousness, the demons of despair take possession of it. If licentiousness has crept into the consciousness, the demons of possession take possession of it. If dreams of sublime friendship crept into the consciousness, the demons of pride take possession of it. If dreams of delicious food crept into the mind, the demons of gluttony take possession of it. All these demons are ghosts, created from darkness and darkness, wind and air, earth and colors, decrepit bodies and mortal objects. These ghosts and our consciousness excite each other, and the human spirit responds to their influence.
"Kwan Yin Tzu"
To since you have forgotten the law of your God, I will also forget your children. The more they multiply, the more they sin against Me; I will turn their glory into dishonor. They feed on the sins of my people, and their soul yearns for their iniquity. And what will happen to the people, so also to the priest; and I will punish him according to his ways, and I will repay him according to his deeds. They will eat and not be satisfied; they will fornicate, and they will not multiply; for they have left the service of the Lord. Fornication, wine and drink took possession of their hearts.
Bible (Hos 4:6-11)
Brueghel P. Gluttony (fragment)
AT you will weep and mourn, but the world will rejoice; you will be sad, but your sadness will turn into joy. A woman, when she gives birth, endures grief, because her hour has come; but when she gives birth to a baby, she no longer remembers sorrow for joy, because a man was born into the world.
Bible (Jn 16:20-21)
H Do you not understand that nothing that enters a person from without can defile him? Because it does not enter into his heart, but into his belly, and goes out, by which all food is cleansed. Then he said: What comes out of a person defiles a person. For from within, from the human heart, proceed evil thoughts, adulteries, fornications, murders, thefts, covetousness, malice, deceit, lewdness, an evil eye, blasphemy, pride, foolishness - all this evil comes from within and defiles a person.
Bible (Mk 7:18-23)
O Where do you have hostility and strife? is it not from here, from your desires that fight in your members? You want and you don't have; you kill and envy - and you cannot reach; you quarrel and fight, and you don't have it because you don't ask. Ask, and you do not receive, because you do not ask for good, but to use it for your desires.
Bible (James 4:1-3)
H ignorance is the mother of malice, envy, greed and all other low and gross vices, as well as sins.
Galileo Galilei
To as they did not care to have God in their minds, then God gave them over to a perverse mind - to do indecency, so that they are full of all unrighteousness, fornication, deceit, greed, malice, full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, malevolence, blasphemers, slanderers, haters of God , offenders, boasters, proud, inventive for evil, disobedient to parents, reckless, treacherous, unloving, implacable, unmerciful.
Bible (Rom 1:28-31)
H There is no truth, no mercy, no knowledge of God on earth. Swearing and deceit, murder and theft and adultery are rampant, and bloodshed follows bloodshed.
Bible (Hos 4:1-2)
G Horde, sensuality, doubt - these are the causes of all vices, known from the experience of the last three thousand years. Probably all the virtues too.
Akutagawa
H a man is just and energetic on the battlefield, but at home he is relaxed, lustful, unfaithful and vindictive ...
E. Dahlberg
H the higher the virtue, the more evil the envy, the more generous the generosity, the deeper the ingratitude: we cannot afford justice for outstanding virtues.
L. Vauvenargues
D children are taught fear and obedience; greed, pride or cowardice of fathers instill in children hoarding, arrogance or servility. Not only is the child himself prone to imitation, he is also forced to do so: it never occurs to anyone to cultivate in him originality, courage, independence.
L. Vauvenargues
G pride, laziness, wealth - wisdom prevailed.
A. D. Kantemir
Z avisty, compassionate, discontented, quarrelsome, constantly oppressed by worries about bread and living at the expense of others - these are six eternally unhappy creatures.
"Khitopadesha"
T some are extremely unbearable: the proud poor man, the red tape old man and the miserly rich man.
Talmud
P zealous, careless, mad, tired, angry, hungry, greedy, cowardly, hasty and in love do not know the law.
"Khitopadesha"
FROM among the influences that shorten life, fear, sadness, despondency, melancholy, cowardice, envy, and hatred occupy a predominant place.
V. Hufeland
Brueghel P. Anger (fragment)
D children are impudent, fastidious, quick-tempered, envious, curious, self-serving, lazy, frivolous, cowardly, intemperate, deceitful and secretive; they easily burst into laughter or tears, over trifles indulge in immoderate joy or bitter sadness, cannot endure pain and love to inflict it - they are already people.
J. de La Bruyère
FROM The worst vice is sin before the Lord,
Those who are greedy for sin are the most worthless of all.
Yunus Emre
G pex comes into the house as a guest, but then becomes the master in it.
Talmud
E If a person falls into any sin, you, spiritual ones, correct it in the spirit of meekness, watching each one of yourselves, so as not to be tempted.
Bible (Gal 6, 1)
And confess your sins to the Lord - and you will be forgiven; confess your sins to a man and you will be ridiculed.
J. Billings
To no matter how you live, everything is sinful! And so sinful, and so sinful ... He said - it's sinful, he kept silent - it's sinful, he did it - it's sinful, and he didn't do it - it's sinful.
M. Gorky
G pex is man-made, but it tastes divine.
M. West
G pex was brought into the world by man, so you can’t succumb to his, the world’s, “flattery”, you need to calmly go your own way.
Nizami
B Most of all, we regret those sins that we did not commit when the opportunity turned up.
E. Rowland
H it is impossible ... without sin: we live in the world.
A. N. Ostrovsky
H There is no person who does not have any sins behind him. It's the way God himself arranged it.
N. V. Gogol
And The first man did not pass over sin, and the last does not pass over.
A. N. Ostrovsky
And Of all the deadly sins, the worst is to sit on your own ass.
F. Kennedy
T from who knew repentance, driving sinful thoughts,
Will be the guardian of order in the confusion of the Day of Judgment.
Nizami
G the one who realizes his sin is solved.
I. N. Shevelev
To a sinner, at least in words, separates good and evil.
S. D. Dovlatov
To As a rule, sins are not so fraught with troubles as senseless repentance for them.
E. Wharton
H Do not remind the penitent of his past sins.
Talmud
I I try to avoid temptations that I can resist.
M. West
Z why resist temptation? You will cope with one - there will be another.
D. Herold
AT God's temple do not let me on the threshold.
I am an atheist. This is how God created me.
I am like a harlot whose faith is a vice.
Sinners would be glad to go to paradise - but they do not know the roads.
Omar Khayyam
G the rue of my transgressions is like a tombstone.
"Shukapsati"
Brueghel P. Laziness (fragment)
E There are several ways to deal with temptation. The surest of them is cowardice.
Mark Twain
P Trying to cure people of vices without eradicating their prejudices is useless.
P. Holbach
T The most difficult thing is to convert that sinner who sins for the first half of the day, and repents for the second.
J. Billings
H sons of Adam's soul,
For them, betrayal and lies are friends.
O sinners, when your hour strikes,
Allah will recognize you by the blackness.
Al Ma'arri
And from those admitted to heaven and cast into hell
No one ever came back.
Are you sinful or holy, poor or rich -
Leaving, do not hope for a return.
Omar Khayyam
G rex is most terrible when it is committed by a learned person. An ignorant commoner and depraved is better than a learned and intemperate person; because the first went astray due to blindness, and the second, sighted, fell into the well.
Saadi
FROM The greatest danger of prejudices and vices lies in the fact that they are hidden under the guise of truths and virtues.
O. Barthelemy
L Men may escape the consequences of the wickedness of their enemies, but they will never escape the consequences of their sins. This shadow of theirs will follow their heels until it destroys them.
"Kural"
E If a thousand people know about your sin, do not tell another one, and if one knows, do not tell a thousand.
Somali proverb
H and never try to deceive yourself and justify your own sins; remember that admitting mistakes is always beautiful and noble.
L. Settembrini
H do not envy the glory of the sinner, for you do not know what his end will be.
Bible (Sir 9, 14)
H and the heavens will have more joy over one sinner who repents than over ninety-nine righteous who have no need of repentance.
Bible (Luke 15:7)
H There is no such sin that would not be blotted out by repentance.
John Chrysostom
D As long as you yourself are a sinner, do not say a word about the sins of others.
"Plates of Babids"
G a warrior, even the greatest and who has transgressed all the sacred commandments, if only he turns his thoughts to the Buddha and begins to serve him with all his heart, he will be able to gain eternal life in a pure abode of paradise.
Akutagawa
B Spiritual life is unthinkable without the great sacrament of repentance. Sin must not only be recognized, but also burned in the fire of repentance.
N. A. Berdyaev
P Just as a drowning man falls to the bottom and rises again, so the best people are brought to repentance by sin. Such, for example, is Gretchen in Faust. Sin in this case acts like a terrible dream, as a result of which we wake up.
A. Schopenhauer
AT There is no room for remorse for a lost soul. How many times he will repent, so many times he will sin again.
A. Miropoltseva
D For those who still live in this world, no repentance is too late.
Cyprian of Carthage
Brueghel P. voluptuousness (fragment)
H a person repents, then sins, repents again and sins again, and since he knows that, having sinned, he will repent and, having repented, will sin again, then he begins to repent and sin at the same time.
M. de Unamuno
H The least sinners bring the greatest repentance.
M. von Ebner-Eschenbach
M We rightly abhor the act of Judas, and according to the judgment of truth, he rather increased than atoned for the crime of his villainous betrayal by strangling himself: because, despairing of God's mercy, he, in a feeling of pernicious repentance, left himself no room for salvific repentance.
Augustine the Blessed
H Do not love the world, nor what is in the world: whoever loves the world does not have the love of the Father in him. For everything that is in the world, the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life, is not from the Father, but from this world. Bible (1 Jn 2:15-16)
E If a person has once violated an easy commandment, then in the end he will not stop before breaking an important one. If he transgressed the commandment: "Love your neighbor as yourself," then he will subsequently violate the prohibitions: do not take revenge, and do not have malice, and do not hate your brother - and will finally come to the shedding of blood.
Talmud
And we were once foolish, rebellious, erring, were slaves to lusts and various pleasures, lived in malice and envy, were vile, hated each other.
Bible (Titus 3, 4)
W there are shortcomings that a person must overcome if he wants to achieve complete happiness here on earth: drowsiness, lethargy, cowardice, anger, gentleness and indecision.
"Khitopadesha"
AT be seated, young man, in your youth, and let your heart taste joy in the days of your youth, and walk in the ways of your heart and in the sight of your eyes; only know that for all this God will bring you to judgment. And remove sorrow from your heart, and turn away evil from your body, because childhood and youth are vanity.
Bible (Ecclesiastes 11:9-10)
O having put aside all malice and all deceit, and hypocrisy, and envy, and all slander, like newborn babies, love pure verbal milk, so that from it you grow up for salvation; for you have tasted that the Lord is good.
Bible (1 Pet 2, 1-3)
O put away everything: anger, rage, malice, slander, foul language of your mouth; tell no lie to one another, putting off the old man with his deeds and putting on the new man, who is renewed in knowledge in the image of Him who created him.
Bible (Col 3:8-10)
FROM foul language and idle talk and laughter are not decent to you but, on the contrary, thanksgiving; for know that no fornicator, or unclean, or covetous person, who is an idolater, has an inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and God.
Bible (Eph 5:4-5)
FROM stand before the father and mother of fornication, before the chief and lord of lies; before the judge and the prince - crimes, before the assembly and the people - lawlessness; before a comrade and friend - unrighteousness, before neighbors - theft: be ashamed of this and before the truth of God and His covenant. Be ashamed of leaning on the table, deceit in borrowing and giving back; be ashamed of silence before those who greet, looking at a dissolute woman, turning your face away from a relative, taking away a share and a gift, thinking about a married woman, courting your maid, and do not go near her bed; before your friends, be ashamed of reproachful words, and after you have given, do not reproach, the repetition of rumors and the disclosure of secret words. And you will be truly bashful and gain the favor of every person.
Bible (Sir 41:21-29)
B Lust and all uncleanness and covetousness should not even be named among you, as befits saints.
Bible (Eph 5:3)
M We forgive sins and vices, leaving it to the Almighty to decide what both can mean.
J. Addison
Brueghel P. love of money (fragment)
1. Gluttony
Overeating, drunkenness, non-keeping and permission of fasts, secret eating, delicacy, generally violation of abstinence. Wrong and excessive love of the flesh, its belly and rest, from which self-love is made, from which non-keeping of fidelity to God, the Church, virtue and people.
2. Fornication
Fornication, prodigal sensations and positions of the soul and heart. Acceptance of impure thoughts, conversation with them, delight in them, permission to them, slowness in them. Prodigal dreams and captivity. Failure to keep the senses, especially the sense of touch, which is an insolence that destroys all virtues. Cursing and reading voluptuous books. Fornication sins are natural: fornication and adultery. Fornication sins are unnatural.
3. Love of money
Loving money, generally loving property, movable and immovable. Desire to get rich. Reflection on the means of enrichment. Dream of wealth. Fears of old age, sudden poverty, sickness, exile. Avarice. Greed. Unbelief in God, distrust of his providence. Addictions or painful excessive love for various perishable objects, depriving the soul of freedom. Passion for vain cares. Loving gifts. Appropriation of someone else. Likhva. Hardness of heart to the poor brethren and to all those in need. Theft. Robbery.
Hot temper, acceptance of angry thoughts: dreaming of anger and revenge, indignation of the heart with rage, obscuration of the mind by it: obscene crying, argument, swearing, cruel and caustic words, stress, pushing, killing. Remembrance, hatred, enmity, revenge, slander, condemnation, indignation and resentment of one's neighbor.
Grieving, anguish, cutting off hope in God, doubting the promises of God, ungratefulness to God for everything that happens, cowardice, impatience, not self-reproach, sorrow for one’s neighbor, grumbling, renunciation of the cross, an attempt to get off it.
Laziness in every good deed, especially in prayer. Abandonment of church and private rules. Abandoning unceasing prayer and soulful reading. Inattention and haste in prayer. Neglect. Irreverence. Idleness. Excessive comfort with sleep, lying down and all kinds of languor. Moving from place to place. Frequent exits from cells, walks and visiting friends. Idle talk. Jokes. Blasphemers. Leaving bows and other bodily feats. Forgetting your sins. Forgetfulness of the commandments of Christ. Negligence. Captivity. Deprivation of the fear of God. Bitterness. Insensibility. Despair.
7. Vanity
The search for human glory. Boasting. Desire and search for earthly and vain honors. Love of beautiful clothes, carriages, servants and private things. Attention to the beauty of your face, the pleasantness of your voice and other qualities of the body. Disposition to the perishing sciences and arts of this age, the search to succeed in them in order to acquire temporary, earthly glory. Shame to confess your sins. Hiding them before people and the spiritual father. Craftiness. Self-justification. Contradiction. Compiling your mind. Hypocrisy. Lie. Flattery. Humanity. Envy. Humiliation of the neighbor. Change of temper. Indulgence. Unscrupulousness. The temper and life are demonic.
8. Pride
Neighbor contempt. Preferring yourself to everyone. Insolence. Obscuration, debility of the mind and heart. Nailing them to the earth. Hula. Disbelief. False mind. Disobedience to the Law of God and the Church. Follow your carnal will. Reading heretical, depraved and vain books. Disobedience to authorities. A biting mockery. Abandoning Christ-like humility and silence. Loss of simplicity. Loss of love for God and neighbor. False philosophy. Heresy. Irreligion. Ignorance. Death of the soul.
On the virtues opposed to the eight major sinful passions
1. Abstinence
Refraining from excessive eating and eating, especially from drinking wine in excess. Precise keeping of the fasts established by the Church, Bounding of the flesh by a moderate and constantly uniform use of food, from which all passions begin to weaken in general, and especially self-love, which consists in wordless love of the flesh, its life and rest.
2. Chastity
Avoidance of all kinds of fornication. Evasion from voluptuous conversations and reading, from the pronunciation of voluptuous, nasty and ambiguous words. The storage of the senses, especially sight and hearing, and even more touch. Modesty. Rejection of thoughts and dreams of prodigal. Silence. Silence. Serving the sick and crippled. Memories of death and hell. The beginning of chastity is the mind that does not waver from lustful thoughts and dreams; the perfection of chastity is purity that sees God.
3. Non-possession
Satisfy yourself with one essential. Hatred of luxury and bliss. Mercy for the poor. Loving the poverty of the gospel. Trust in God's providence. Following Christ's commandments. Calmness and freedom of spirit and carelessness. Softness of the heart.
4. Meekness
Evasion from angry thoughts and from indignation of the heart with rage. Patience. Following Christ, calling His disciple to the cross. Peace of the heart. Silence of the mind. Firmness and courage are Christian. Not feeling insulted. Kindness.
5. Blissful cry
Feeling of a fall, common to all people, and of one's own spiritual poverty. Lamentation about them. Cry of the mind. Painful contusion of the heart. Vegetating from their lightness of conscience, grace-filled consolation and joy. Hope for the mercy of God. Thanksgiving to God in sorrows, their humble bearing from the sight of their multitude of sins. Willingness to endure. Mind cleansing. Relief from passions. Mortification of the world. The desire for prayer, solitude, obedience, humility, confession of one's sins.
6. Sobriety
Zeal in every good deed. Non-lazy correction of the church and private rules. Attention in prayer. Careful observation of all deeds, words and thoughts and feelings. Extreme self-doubt. Unceasing stay in prayer and the Word of God. Awe. Constant vigilance over yourself. Keeping oneself from much sleep and effeminacy, idle talk, jokes and sharp words. Love of night vigils, bows and other feats that bring vigor to the soul. Rare, if possible, exodus from the cells. Remembrance of eternal blessings, desire and expectation of them.
7. Humility
Fear of God. Feeling it while praying. Fear that is born during especially pure prayer, when the presence and majesty of God are especially strongly felt, so as not to disappear and turn into nothing. Deep knowledge of your insignificance. A change in the outlook on neighbors, and they, without any coercion, seem to the resigned one to be superior to him in all respects. The manifestation of innocence from living faith. Hatred for human praise. Constant blaming and beating yourself up. Righteousness and directness. Impartiality. Deadness to everything. tenderness. Knowledge of the sacrament hidden in the Cross of Christ. The desire to crucify oneself to the world and passions, the desire for this crucifixion. Rejection and oblivion of flattering customs and words, modest by coercion or intent, or the skill of pretending. Perception of the rampage of the gospel. Rejection of earthly wisdom as indecent before God (Luke 16:15). Leaving wording. Silence before those who offend, studied in the Gospel. Putting aside all one's own thoughts and accepting the gospel mind. The overthrow of every thought that is charged upon the mind of Christ. Humility or spiritual reasoning. Conscious obedience to the Church in everything.
Change during prayer of the fear of God into the love of God. Loyalty to the Lord, proved by the constant rejection of every sinful thought and feeling. The indescribable, sweet attraction of the whole person to love for the Lord Jesus Christ and for the worshiped Holy Trinity. Vision in the neighbors of the image of God and Christ; the preference for oneself of all one's neighbors arising from this spiritual vision, their reverent reverence for the Lord. Love for neighbors is brotherly, pure, equal to all, joyful, impartial, flaming equally towards friends and enemies. Rapture into prayer and love of the mind, heart and whole body. Inexpressible pleasure of the body with spiritual joy. Spiritual intoxication. Relaxation of the bodily members with spiritual consolation (St. Isaac of Syria, Word 44). Inactivity of bodily senses during prayer. Resolution from the silence of the heart tongue. Cessation of prayer from spiritual sweetness. Silence of the mind. Enlightenment of the mind and heart. Prayer power that overcomes sin. Peace of Christ. Retreat of all passions. The absorption of all minds by the superior mind of Christ. Theology. Knowledge of incorporeal beings. The weakness of sinful thoughts that cannot be depicted in the mind.
Sweetness and abundant consolation during sorrows. Vision of human arrangements. The depth of humility and the humblest opinion of oneself ... The end is endless!
Sins against the Lord God
Belief in dreams, divination, meetings and other signs. Doubts about faith. Laziness in prayer and absent-mindedness with it. Non-attendance in the Church, long non-existence at confession and Holy Communion. Hypocrisy in worship. Blasphemy or only grumbling against God in the soul and in words. Intention to raise hands. In vain god. An unfulfilled promise to God. Blasphemy against the sacred. Anger with mention of evil spirits (trait). Eating or drinking on Sundays and holidays until the end of the Liturgy. Violation of fasts or inaccurate observance of them, working business on holidays.
Sins against neighbor
Recklessness to his position or to his business in the hostel. Disrespect for superiors or elders. Failure to fulfill a promise to a person. Non-payment of debts. Taking by force or secret appropriation of someone else's. Avarice for charity. Personal insult to neighbor. Gossip. slander. Cursing others. False suspicions. Failure to protect an innocent person or the cause of the right with a loss for them. Murder. Disrespect for parents. Neglect with Christian concern for children. Anger - enmity in family or home life.
Sins against oneself
Idle or bad thoughts in the soul. Desires of evil to the neighbor. Falsity of the word, speech. Irritability. Stubbornness or selfishness. Envy. Cruelty. Sensitivity to disappointment or resentment. Vengeance. Love of money. Passion for pleasure. Foul language. The songs are seductive. Drunkenness and polyphagy. Fornication. Adultery. Unnatural fornication. Uncorrecting your life.
Of all these sins against the ten commandments of God, some, reaching the highest stage of their development in a person, passing into vicious states and hardening his heart with impenitence, are recognized as especially grave and contrary to God.
Mortal sins, that is, making a person guilty of eternal death or perdition
1. Pride, despising everyone, demanding servility from others, ready to ascend to heaven and become like the Most High: in a word, pride to the point of self-adoration.
2. Unsatisfied soul, or Judas greed for money, connected for the most part with unrighteous acquisitions, which does not give a person even a minute to think about spiritual things.
3. Fornication, or the dissolute life of the prodigal son, who squandered all his father's estate on such a life.
4. Envy, leading to every possible evil deed to the neighbor.
5. Gluttony or carnality, not knowing any fasting, combined with a passionate attachment to various amusements, following the example of the rich man in the Gospel, who enjoyed all the days of light.
6. Irreconcilable anger and daring for terrible destruction, following the example of Herod, who in his anger beat the Bethlehem babies.
7. Laziness, or complete carelessness about the soul, negligence about repentance until the last days of life, as, for example, in the days of Noah.
Sins of blasphemy against the Holy Spirit
Excessive hope in God or continuation of a gravely sinful life in the sole hope of God's mercy.
Despair or the opposite of excessive hope in God is a feeling in relation to the mercy of God, which denies paternal goodness in God and leads to thoughts of suicide.
Stubborn unbelief, not convinced by any evidence of the truth, even by obvious miracles, rejecting the most learned truth.
Sins crying out to heaven for vengeance
In general, deliberate homicide (abortion), and in particular patricide (fratricide and regicide).
Sodom sin.
Vain oppression of a poor, defenseless, defenseless widow and young orphans.
Withholding from a wretched worker his well-deserved wages.
Taking away from a person in his extreme position the last piece of bread or the last mite, which he obtained with sweat and blood, as well as the forcible or secret appropriation of alms, food, warmth or clothing from those imprisoned in prison, which are determined by him, and in general their oppression.
Grief and resentment to parents to their impudent beatings.
The life of a true Christian is a constant struggle with sins, the Lord sends His Grace to those who humbly and faithfully follow the teachings of Christ.
God bless you!
Just sketches for now, to compress, cut and peel later. As they say, dashing trouble began ...
Seven deadly sins:
- Pride (I am my own sky and moon...)
- Covetousness (give me pills for greed, and more, more ..)
- Fornication (I'll put them together...)
- Envy (well, neighbors ... in a one-room two-room apartment they hide ...)
- Gluttony (I love pasta… cakes, salads, sprats…)
- Anger (wah, nah, zah… it was last summer…)
- Despondency (everything will be fine ... it will not get worse ...)
- Love (... any phrase with a candy wrapper Love)
- Non-possession (no, Bobik ...)
- Chastity (modesty is not a vice...it is a virtue)
- Humility (hit one, turn another)
- Abstinence (I want, I can, but I will not take ...)
- Gentleness (wait a minute, wait a minute, I'm writing down...)
- Sobriety (watch yourself, be careful...)
http://blogs.privet.ru/user/midda/85753834
Deadly sins that are absolutely undesirable to commit:
- Pride (arrogance)
- Envy
- Gluttony (Gluttony)
- Fornication (Lust)
- Anger (Anger)
- Greed (Greed)
- Despondency (Idleness)
So 7 virtues as opposed to 7 deadly sins:
- Humility (Shame)
- Sympathy (Goodwill)
- Asceticism in food
- Chastity
- Kindness (Meekness)
- Unselfishness (Generosity)
- Vitality (Industriousness)
Theological interpretation from St. Ignatius (Bryanchaninov)
http://voliaboga.narod.ru/stati/08_03_04_poiasnenie_dobrodet.htm
The Book of Proverbs (965 - 717 BC) says that the Lord hates seven things that are repugnant to Him:
- proud look
- lying tongue
- Hands shedding innocent blood
- A heart that forges evil plans
- Feet running fast to villainy
- False Witness Telling Lies
- Sowing discord between brothers
- Γαστριμαργία
- Πορνεία
- Φιλαργυρία
- Ἀκηδία
- Κενοδοξία
- Ὑπερηφανία
- Fornication
- Avaritia
- Tristitia
- Vanagloria
- Superbia
- luxuria (lust)
- gula (gluttony)
- avaritia (greed)
- acedia (despondency)
- ira (anger)
- invidia (envy)
- superbia (pride)
However, in Orthodoxy there is a concept of 8 sinful passions:
- Gluttony,
- Fornication,
- love of money,
- Anger,
- sadness
- despondency,
- Vanity,
- Pride.
Conditionally, one can try to present the concept of the distortion of natural human properties and passions, as follows:
Natural good from God - Sinful passion:
- Pleasure from moderate food intake - a distortion of God-given ability, becomes a passion for gluttony
- Pleasure in an honest marriage from the physical union of the flesh with the wife - a distortion of God-given ability, becomes a passion for fornication
- Possession of the material world for the glory of God as an increase in love - a distortion of the God-given ability, becomes a passion for greed
- Righteous anger at evil and unrighteousness, protection of one's neighbor from evil - a distortion of a God-given ability, becomes a passion of anger (unrighteous) at the dissatisfaction of needs
- Pleasure from moderate rest after work - a distortion of a God-given ability, becomes a passion for sadness (boredom, laziness)
- Joy in the soul, regardless of external circumstances - a distortion of God-given ability, becomes a passion for despondency (despair, thoughts of suicide)
- Joy from the created creation (realized thought, word, action), which is based on
- A good beginning - a distortion of a God-given ability, becomes a passion for vanity
- Love for God and neighbor, humility - a distortion of a God-given ability, becomes a passion for pride
| type | characteristic role | Ego fixation | holy idea | basic fear | basic desire | Temptation | Vice/Passion | Virtue | Stress | Security |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reformer | Resentment | perfection | Corruption, evil | Goodness, integrity, balance | hypocrisy, hypercriticism | Anger | Serenity | 4 | 7 |
| 2 | helper | Flattery | Freedom | unworthiness of love | unconditional love | manipulativeness | Pride | Humility | 8 | 4 |
| 3 | Achiever | Vanity | Hope | worthlessness | Value to others | Pleasing everybody | Deceit | Truthfulness | 9 | 6 |
| 4 | individualist | Melancholy | origin | commonness | uniqueness, authenticity | Self-castigation, withdrawal | Envy | Equanimity | 2 | 1 |
| 5 | Investigators | Stinginess | Omniscience | Uselessness, helplessness | competence | Overthinking | Avarice | non-attachment | 7 | 8 |
| 6 | Loyalist | cowardice | Faith | Isolation and vulnerability | Safety | Suspiciousness | Fear | Courage | 3 | 9 |
| 7 | Enthusiast | Planning | work | boredom | Experience of life | moving too fast | Gluttony | sobriety | 1 | 5 |
| 8 | Challenger | Vengeance | Truth | Loss of control | Self-protection, autonomy | Self-sufficiency | Lust | Innocence | 5 | 2 |
| 9 | peacemaker | Indolence, self-forgetting | Love | Loss, annihilation | Stability, peace of mind | Giving in | Sloth | action | 6 | 3 |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enneagram_of_Personality
Theological virtues
- Hope
- Love
- Wisdom
- Justice
- Courage
- Moderation
- Pride - Humility
- Stinginess - generosity
- Impurity -- Chastity
- Envy - benevolence
- Intemperance - Moderation
- Anger - Meekness
- Laziness - diligence
Theological virtues (English Theological virtues, French Vertus théologales, Spanish Virtudes teologales) are categories that postulate the ideal qualities of a person.
The composition of the three Christian virtues - faith, hope, love - is formulated in the First Epistle to the Corinthians (~ 50 AD)
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theological_virtues
Cardinal virtues (from Latin cardo "rod") - a group of four basic virtues in Christian moral theology, based on ancient philosophy and having parallels in other cultures. The classic formula includes prudence, justice, moderation and courage.
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_virtues
In the Catholic catechism, the seven catholic virtues refer to the combination of two lists of virtues, the 4 cardinal virtues of prudence, justice, restraint or temperance, and courage or fortitude, (from ancient greek philosophy) and the 3 theological virtues of faith , hope, and love or charity (from the letters of Paul of Tarsus); these were adopted by the Church Fathers as the seven virtues.
The seven heavenly virtues were derived from the Psychomachia ("Contest of the Soul"), an epic poem written by Aurelius Clemens Prudentius (c. AD 410) entailing the battle of good virtues and evil vices. The intense popularity of this work in the Middle Ages helped to spread the concept of holy virtue throughout Europe. Practicing these virtues is considered to protect one against temptation from the seven deadly sins, with each one having its counterpart. Due to this they are sometimes referred to as the contrary virtues. Each of the seven heavenly virtues matches a corresponding deadly sin
There is still a good sign, but to bite it you have to mess around a lot.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_virtues
The text of the ten commandments according to the Synodal translation of the Bible.
- I am the Lord your God; Thou shalt have no other gods before Me.
- Do not make for yourself an idol or any image of what is in heaven above, what is on the earth below, and what is in the water below the earth. Don't worship them and don't serve them; for I am the Lord your God, a jealous God, punishing children for the guilt of their fathers to the third and fourth [kind], who hate
- Me, and showing mercy to a thousand generations to those who love Me and keep My commandments.
- Do not take the name of the Lord your God in vain; for the Lord will not leave without punishment the one who pronounces his name in vain.
- Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy. Work six days, and do all your work; and the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord your God: on it you shall do no work, neither you, nor your son, nor your daughter, nor your servant, nor your maidservant, nor your livestock, nor the stranger that is in your dwellings. For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them; and rested on the seventh day. Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and hallowed it.
- Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land which the Lord your God is giving you.
- Dont kill.
- Don't commit adultery.
- Don't steal.
- Do not bear false witness against your neighbor.
- Do not covet your neighbor's house; Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his donkey, nor anything that is thy neighbor's.
Parchment with the text of the Decalogue from the Esnoga Sephardic synagogue. Amsterdam. 1768 (612x502 mm)
Comparison of the texts of Exodus 20:1-17 and Deut.5:4-21 (using references) in the original language, with an approximate translation into English (KJV), allows us to more accurately understand the content of the commandments.
- Do not pronounce the name of the Lord your God in vain [literally "falsely" - that is, during an oath], for the Lord will not leave without punishment the one who pronounces His name in vain [falsely]. In the original, this means “do not wear (Heb. תשא, tisa) the name of the Lord falsely (wasted, conceited, illegal).” The original verb נשא nasa" means "lift, carry, take, lift up". Once again, the expression "bearing a name" is used in a similar way only in Ex. in the sanctuary, the names of the tribes of the sons of Israel, carved on two onyx stones.Thus, one who professes faith in the God of Israel, according to the commandment, becomes the bearer of His name, bearing responsibility for how he represents God to others.The texts of the Old Testament describe cases when the name God is defiled by people's hypocrisy and false representations of God or His character.Joseph Telushkin, a contemporary Orthodox rabbi, also writes that this commandment means much more than the prohibition of accidentally mentioning God's name.He points out that a more literal translation of "lo tissa" would be "You do not must bear" rather than "You must not take", and that understanding this helps everyone understand why the commandment is equated with others such as "Thou shalt not kill" and "Do not commit adultery."
- Don't kill. Original: "לֹא תִרְצָח". The verb "רְצָח" used denotes immoral premeditated murder (cf. murder), as opposed to any killing at all, such as in an accident, in self-defence, in war or by order of a court (cf. kill). (Since the Bible itself prescribes the death penalty by court order as a result of the violation of certain commandments, this verb cannot mean murder at all, under any circumstances)
- Do not commit adultery [in the original, this word usually refers only to sexual relations between a married woman and a man who is not her husband]. According to another opinion, all the so-called "prohibitions of incest" belong to this commandment, including male and bestiality.
- Don't steal. The prohibition against theft of property is also stated in Leviticus 19:11. Oral tradition interprets the contents of the commandment "Thou shalt not steal" in the Ten Commandments as a prohibition against kidnapping a person for the purpose of enslavement. Since the previous commandments “Thou shalt not kill” and “Thou shalt not commit adultery” speak of sins punishable by death, one of the principles of interpretation of the Torah prescribes that continuation be understood as a severely punishable crime.
- “Thou shalt not covet…” This commandment includes the prohibition against theft of property. According to Jewish tradition, theft is also “theft of an image”, that is, the creation of a false idea about an object, event, person (deceit, flattery, etc.)
Eastern philosophy also had its lists of the main virtues.
In Confucianism, they stood out as such
- jen (philanthropy),
- and (fairness, sense of duty),
- whether (decency),
- zhi (knowledge, intelligence)
- and xin (truthfulness).
- master and servant
- parents and children,
- husband and wife
- senior and junior
- between friends.
Yama (Skt. यम) - (in yoga) these are ethical restrictions or universal moral precepts. Yama is the first step of Ashtanga yoga (eight limb yoga) described in the Yoga Sutra of Patanjali.
"Yama" includes five basic principles (according to the Yoga Sutra of Patanjali):
- ahimsa—non-violence;
- satya - truthfulness;
- asteya - non-appropriation of someone else's (non-stealing);
- brahmacharya - abstinence; controlling lust and maintaining chastity before marriage; internal composure, promiscuity;
- aparigraha - non-covetousness (rejection of gifts), non-hoarding, non-attachment.
Niyama (Skt. नियम) - spiritual principles in dharmic religions; "accepting, cultivating, fulfilling and developing positive virtues, good thoughts and accepting these virtues as one's system." The second step of Ashtanga Yoga.
The Niyama stage consists of five basic principles:
- Shaucha - purity, both external (cleanliness) and internal (purity of mind).
- Santosha - modesty, contentment with the present, optimism.
- Tapas - self-discipline, diligence in achieving a spiritual goal.
- Svadhyaya - knowledge, the study of spiritual and scientific literature, the formation of a culture of thinking.
- Ishvara pranidhana - accepting Ishvara (God) as one's goal, the only ideal in life.
Mortal sins, that is, those that make a person guilty of the death of the soul.
1. Pride despising everyone, demanding servility from others, ready to ascend to heaven and become like the Most High: in a word - pride to the point of self-adoration.2. Love of money. Greed for money, connected for the most part with unrighteous acquisitions, does not give a person even a minute to think about the spiritual.
3. Fornication.(that is, sexual life before marriage), adultery (that is, adultery). Dissolute life. Failure to keep the senses, especially the sense of touch, which is an audacity that destroys all virtues. Cursing and reading voluptuous books.
Voluptuous thoughts, indecent conversations, even a single glance directed with lust at a woman, are reckoned with fornication. The Savior says this about it: "You have heard what the ancients said: do not commit adultery, but I say to you that everyone who looks at a woman with lust has already committed adultery with her in his heart"(Matthew 5:27-28).
If he who looks at a woman with lust sins, then the woman is not innocent of the same sin, if she dresses up and adorns herself with the desire to be looked at, seduced by her, "for woe to that man by whom the offense comes."
4. Envy, leading to every possible evil deed to the neighbor.
5. Gluttony or fleshly pleasure, not knowing any fasting, combined with a passionate attachment to various amusements, following the example of the gospel rich man, who rejoiced "for all the days of light" (Lk. 16:19).
Drunkenness, drug use.
6. Anger uncompromising and daring for terrible destruction, following the example of Herod, who in his anger beat the Bethlehem babies.
Hot temper, acceptance of angry thoughts: dreaming of anger and revenge, indignation of the heart with rage, obscuration of the mind by it: obscene cry, argument, swearing, cruel and caustic words. Remembrance, hatred, enmity, revenge, slander, condemnation, indignation and resentment of one's neighbor.
7. Despondency. Laziness in every good deed, especially in prayer. Too much restful sleep. Depression, despair (which often leads a person to suicide), lack of fear of God, complete carelessness about the soul, neglect of repentance until the last days of life.
Sins crying out to heaven:
In general, deliberate homicide (including abortion), and in particular patricide (fratricide and regicide). Sodom sin. Vain oppression of a poor, defenseless person, a defenseless widow and young orphans.
Withholding from a wretched worker his well-deserved wages. Taking away from a person in his extreme position the last piece of bread or the last mite, which he obtained with sweat and blood, as well as the forcible or secret appropriation of alms, food, warmth or clothing from those imprisoned in prison, which are determined by him, and in general their oppression. Grief and resentment to parents to their impudent beatings. Sins of blasphemy against the Holy Spirit:
Excessive hope in God or continuation of a difficult sinful life in one hope for God's mercy. Despair or the opposite of excessive hope in God is a feeling in relation to the mercy of God, which denies paternal goodness in God and leads to thoughts of suicide. Stubborn unbelief, not convinced by any evidence of the truth, even by obvious miracles, rejecting the most learned truth.
O the seven virtues opposed to the main sinful passions
1. Love. Change in times of fear of God into love of God. Loyalty to the Lord, proved by the constant rejection of every sinful thought and feeling. The indescribable, sweet attraction of the whole person to love for the Lord Jesus Christ and for the worshiped Holy Trinity. Vision in the neighbors of the image of God and Christ; the preference for oneself of all one's neighbors arising from this spiritual vision. Love for neighbors is brotherly, pure, equal to all, joyful, impartial, flaming equally towards friends and enemies.
Inaction of bodily feelings with. Prayer power that overcomes sin. Retreat of all passions.
The depth of humility and the most humiliating opinion of oneself ...
2. Non-possession. Satisfy yourself with one essential. Hate luxury. Mercy for the poor. Loving the poverty of the gospel. Trust in God's Providence. Following Christ's commandments. Peace and freedom of mind. Softness of the heart.
3. Chastity. Avoidance of all kinds of fornication. Evasion from voluptuous conversations and reading, from the pronunciation of voluptuous, nasty and ambiguous words. Storage of the senses, especially sight and hearing, and even more touch. Modesty. Refusal of thoughts and dreams of prodigal. Serving the sick and crippled. Memories of death and hell. The beginning of chastity is the mind that does not waver from lustful thoughts and dreams; the perfection of chastity is purity that sees God.
4. Humility. Fear of God. Feeling it while praying. Fear that is born during especially pure prayer, when the presence and majesty of God is especially strongly felt, so as not to disappear and turn into nothing. Deep knowledge of your insignificance. Changes in outlook on neighbors, and they are without any coercion, seem to the resigned person more excellent than him in all respects. The manifestation of innocence from living faith. Hatred for human praise. Constant blaming and beating yourself up. Righteousness and directness. Impartiality.
Rejection and oblivion of flattering customs and words.
Rejection of earthly wisdom as indecent before God (Luke 16:15). Leaving wording. Silence before the offender, studied in the Gospel. Putting aside all one's own thoughts and accepting the gospel mind.
5. Abstinence. Refraining from excessive eating and drinking, especially from excessive drinking of wine. Preservation of the exact posts established by the Church. The curbing of the flesh by a moderate and constantly uniform use of food, from which the passions in general begin to weaken, and in particular self-love, which consists in wordless love of the flesh, its life and rest.
6. Meekness. Evasion from angry thoughts and from the indignation of the heart with rage. Patience. Following Christ, calling His disciple to the cross. Peace of the heart. Silence of the mind. Christian fortitude and courage. Not feeling insulted. Kindness.
7. Sobriety. Zeal in every good deed. Attention in prayer. Careful observation of all deeds, words, thoughts and feelings. Extreme self-doubt.
Constant abiding in the word of God. Awe. Constant vigilance over yourself. Keeping oneself from much sleep and effeminacy, idle talk, jokes and sharp words. Remembrance of eternal blessings, desire and expectation of them.
********
By books:
"To Help the Penitent", from the works of St. Ignatius Branchaninov.
Sretensky Monastery 1999. Pg. 3-16.
"Seven Deadly Sins"
M .: Trifonov Pechenga Monastery, "The Ark", 2003. Pp. 48.
In Christianity, there are seven human virtues. Love, non-possession, chastity, humility, temperance, meekness, sobriety.
Let's consider each of them separately and give a description.
Love
Love is the queen of virtues. This is the highest virtue. Christian love is a gift of the Holy Spirit, in its essence it is the deification of a person, in its form it is a sacrificial service. The commandment of the Lord is love for God and neighbor.
Ignaty Brianchaninov
Here is how St. Ignatius Brianchaninov:
“Change during prayer the fear of God into love. Loyalty to the Lord… Peace of Christ. Love for neighbors is fraternal, pure, equal to all…”
Love is the queen of virtues
Meekness
Meekness (from the word taming) is a gentle and forgiving disposition of a person.
The Lord Jesus Christ said:
“Learn from Me, for I am meek and lowly in heart” and “Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth.”
The last statement really comes true. Because the meek Christians inherited the universe that the pagans formerly possessed. Although they could be destroyed by the fury of the Gentiles. The meaning of these words of the Lord can also be interpreted as an inheritance of eternal blessings in the Kingdom of Heaven, on the land of the living.
Such a person is not indignant at anything, does not get angry, does not take revenge, but patiently endures insults, reproaches and condescendingly treats the shortcomings of his neighbors. This is truly a divine quality. The taming of man himself is one of the tasks that every baptized person faces.
The meek shall inherit the earth
Non-possession
This virtue is included in one of the three monastic vows. We can say that non-acquisitiveness is selflessness, the absence of greed, the passion for accumulation and wealth, as well as the absence of addiction to any things, hatred of luxury, love of gospel poverty.
A non-possessive person puts all his hope in God, and does not care what to eat and drink and what to wear. That is why the Lord takes care of him. He distributes his money to the poor, being content with only the bare necessities. His main treasure is the acquisition of the Kingdom of Heaven.
A rich person becomes a multi-career, is involved in the cycle of fuss. All his thoughts are occupied with how to increase, save or spend earthly funds. His mind is no longer occupied with God and eternal life. The more a person is ready to give away his property, the less he depends on him.
Jesus tells him:
(Matt. XIX. 21)
if you want to be perfect, go, sell your property, and give to the poor; and have treasure in heaven, and follow in the footsteps of Me.
A Christian always grows rich in God by giving, he receives more, trampling on the passion for wealth. Attachment to things does not allow you to fully trust God and become attached to Him. This virtue also gives a person unprecedented freedom. It releases from the fear of loss and unnecessary worries, giving a person a lot of time for spiritual pursuits.
The main treasure is the acquisition of the Kingdom of Heaven
Chastity
“Everyone who loves purity and chastity becomes the temple of God.”
(Apostle Paul)
Chastity - wholesome wisdom, wholeness of the soul, avoidance of fornication, depraved thoughts and a whole, uncluttered look at the opposite sex, purity of soul and body. Chastity is when all the powers of the soul are joined together by the Spirit of God.
This virtue is not limited to monks. Married people can also have pure chaste relationships. In church marriage there is a union of two personalities - spouses, at all levels: spiritual, mental and bodily.
The sanctity of marriage also affects the intimate side of the relationship, which should be temperate, that is, the carnal side does not prevail, but only complements the union. Chastity is abstinence and victory over the pleasures that tempt us.
John of Damascus
John of Damascus spoke of chastity:
Marriage is wonderful for those who do not have abstinence, but virginity is better, which increases the childbearing of the soul and brings God a timely fruit - prayer.
Whoever has achieved this virtue has purity of thoughts and feelings.
Abstinence
This virtue completes the list of the fruits of the Spirit in the apostle Paul. This is the ability to control one's passions and keep them in check, to keep from eating too much, to keep fasting. Abstinence is the beginning of the spiritual life. It can be mental and physical.
Fasting is observed by Orthodox Christians 4 times a year. How does food influence the spiritual life?
A person who is satiated easily inclines to sin. But in addition to the bodily component of fasting, there should also be spiritual abstinence from sins and passions. This kind is driven out only by prayer and fasting, the Lord said.
That is why the virtue of temperance is so important. She brings healing to the soul. The Fall began precisely because of the violation of the commandment of abstinence.
Abstinence is the healing of the soul
Humility
Humility is the garment of the Divine.
John of the Ladder
St. John of the Ladder calls humility a treasure stored in mortal vessels, and says that no word can fully explain the properties of this spiritual treasure. Humility is a sober vision of oneself. It can manifest itself in relation to God as a vision of one's sins, a desire to subordinate one's will to the will of God.
God gives grace to the humble.
In relation to a person, this virtue manifests itself as the absence of anger, seeing others as superior to oneself in everything, simplicity and directness.
This virtue consists in the knowledge of the sacrament hidden in the Cross of Christ.
God gives grace to the humble
sobriety
Sobriety is the cause of purity of heart, and therefore the cause of God-vision.
Sobriety is the secret knowledge of the Divine Mysteries, the fulfillment of every commandment. This is constant wakefulness, keeping oneself from sleeping too much, idleness, love for night vigils, bows, deeds.
Sobriety consists in an attentive, undistracted spiritual life, the desire to cleanse oneself of sinful thoughts and feelings. Sobriety is also a ladder to contemplation. For the successful passage of the spiritual life, this virtue is very necessary. It helps to see and cut off enemy attachments and pray purely.
Sobriety is the cause of God-vision.
7 sins and their interpretation
We have considered seven benefactors, now we will list and consider
7 major deadly sins. Sins and virtues are related to each other. A certain virtue overcomes a certain sin. The table below shows how virtue is opposed to sin.
Table of sins and virtues
Pride
This passion is called the mother of all sins. Pride is the most important passion, which is expressed in the rejection of God and the contempt of others.
It is the most dangerous, because it is not immediately visible as radiation. This is a disease of the spirit, and it is not in the sensually perceived world.
Shades or subtypes of this passion are as follows: arrogance, pride, arrogance, impatience of reproaches, thirst for praise, searching for easy ways.
Pride draws a person to enjoy his fallen self.
Vanity
Vanity is an arrogant desire for vain glory, reverence. Vain, because earthly. Such glory is transient and ends. It is nothing compared to that which the Lord has prepared for those who love Him.
This subtle passion is called the daughter of pride.
Despondency
Despondency - carelessness, negligence, perfect relaxation, discouragement.
Monks are especially exposed to this passion. It manifests itself as indifference to prayer, worship, negligence, cooling off to a feat, extinguishing zeal for faith.
Anger
An angry one kills his soul, because he spends his whole life in confusion and anxiety.
This passion has many shades: irritability, irascibility, rage, vindictiveness, desire for revenge, unforgiveness of insults, passionate disputes, hatred, contempt, hostility, indignation. In its development, this sin leads to screaming, cutting words, hitting, pushing and killing.
love of money
The love of money is a violation of the second commandment, the worship of wealth.
This sin lies in the love of money, the passion for hoarding, the insatiable increase in earthly goods.
There are many of its subspecies: greed, stinginess, covetousness, mischief, covetousness, filthy profitability, greed.
fornication
Fornication is the acceptance of impure thoughts, conversation with them, delight in them, consent to them, slower in them, prodigal dreams and captivity. This passion also includes marital intemperance and infidelity.
gluttony
The varieties of this passion are as follows: overeating, drunkenness, non-keeping and permission of fasting, secret eating, delicacy, in general, violation of abstinence.
Wrong and excessive love of the flesh, its belly and rest.
