First trimester of pregnancy: the birth of a miracle! First trimester of pregnancy: size and weight of the fetus, condition of the pregnant woman, necessary tests What is in the 1st trimester of pregnancy

The first trimester of pregnancy is the most crucial time allotted by nature to a woman to carry a child: it is now that all organs and systems of the baby are being formed. A tiny failure in this process can cause the birth of a baby with congenital malformations, or even lead to death. All responsibility for the child lies with the potential mother: her way of life in this difficult time depends on how the baby will be born.

As a rule, it is recognized that the 1st trimester of pregnancy lasts 13 weeks. Some doctors prefer a different rule for dividing pregnancy into trimesters and argue that the first trimester of pregnancy lasts not 13, but 12 weeks, since during this period the significant organs of the embryo are already fully formed. Still, in this dispute, most experts tend to 13 weeks, since this period is 1/3 of the total time of bearing a child.

What changes occur in a woman's body in the first trimester of pregnancy?

At this stage of pregnancy, the fertilized egg gradually transforms into a little man. In the body of the expectant mother, certain transformations also occur:

• From the fact of conception in the body of a woman, hormonal and physical metamorphoses occur, aimed at maintaining pregnancy, and in accordance with this, the first evidence of a potential pregnancy.
• Its most significant physiological sign is the absence of menstruation. It happens that there is discomfort localized in the lower abdomen. When such an indisposition is repeated occasionally, it is considered the norm.
• In some women, the 1st trimester of pregnancy is marked by toxicosis. This symptom is quite individual, since it does not occur in everyone (many feel the trouble of such a condition in the second half of pregnancy), but toxicosis at the very beginning of gestation, as a rule, is much more common than late. Some girls have a slight nausea, some suffer only in the morning, and someone is sick all day. There are practically no medications for toxicosis, and as a result, the only salvation is to be patient and wait until the first half of the pregnancy is over: then toxicosis will also disappear. Nausea appears at 4-5 weeks of pregnancy, but sometimes it is felt in the first week - all due to the fact that the body during this period is going through no joke hormonal changes. Naturally, it is impossible to completely get rid of toxicosis, but it is quite feasible to alleviate the condition and reduce its intensity. For example, eat a little and in small portions, walk more often and periodically ventilate your room so that there is more fresh air in the apartment.
• Another signal of pregnancy is a feeling of discomfort in the mammary glands, heaviness, an increase in their volume. So from the beginning of pregnancy, the woman's body is tuned to breastfeeding.
• The uterus in the first trimester of pregnancy greatly increases in volume, thereby pressing on the bladder. Therefore, at this time, the urge to urinate is much more frequent than usual.
• As for the increase in the abdomen, it remains the same: by the end of the thirteenth week, the fetus grows only a few centimeters. On average, the tummy begins to be noticeable at about 16 weeks, that is, from 4 months.
• At this time, a pregnant woman often feels dizzy, lethargic, loss of strength, headache. Sometimes intrauterine development of the fetus initiates fainting. It is impossible to remove or reduce this condition with medications, as it can adversely affect the formation of the child.
• Most potential mothers develop constipation in the last trimester. However, if a pregnant woman does not eat properly, difficulties with stool begin to worry her from the first months of bearing a baby. It is not recommended to endure and not treat prolonged constipation - this will lead to intoxication of the body and adversely affect the maturation of the embryo.

To establish a regular chair, mommy needs to give up dry food and make sure that food rich in fiber dominates the menu. Most fiber is found in vegetables and fruits.

Prunes have a good laxative effect (at night you should pour a certain amount of dried fruits with boiling water, and in the morning drink the resulting compote and eat softened prunes). Pharmaceutical laxatives should be taken only after consulting a doctor.

Discharge in the first trimester of pregnancy

The first trimester of pregnancy is characterized by changes in the nature of vaginal discharge, which is caused by the production of hormones (estrogen and progesterone) responsible for attaching the fetal egg to the uterus. The implantation of the egg and the formation of the embryo are carried out under their influence, they also initiate the jelly-like secretions characteristic of this period.

It also happens that during the implantation of the egg, a minor damage to the blood vessel occurs (it can burst), due to which the internal secretions are mixed with the blood. Therefore, one should not be afraid of weak spotting in the first trimester, only if they are observed occasionally.

Functional discharge in the first trimester of pregnancy does not cause almost the slightest discomfort to mommy: they are not accompanied by itching and pain, and besides, they do not smell.

What highlights should you pay attention to?

Abundant, with a fairly strong odor, unnatural discharge in pregnant women in the first trimester is a fairly common phenomenon. This happens for various reasons, which in any case require treatment:

1. The most common disease among pregnant women is candidiasis, or thrush. One of its main signs is white curdled discharge. When a woman is expecting a baby, any disease is no less dangerous for her than any other infectious disease. Untimely or incorrect treatment of candidiasis can lead to various problems and create a threat of congenital pathology in a child.
2. If the discharge has a greenish or yellowish tint and, on top of that, a pungent odor, this usually indicates a sexual infection. There is a possibility of E. coli, staphylococcus, chlamydia, etc.
3. At the very beginning of pregnancy, the protective barrier that protects the fetus from pathogenic microbes has not yet formed, so the likelihood of infection of the child is very high. To avoid a bacterial infection during the gestation period, you need to fully check your health at the planning stage of pregnancy.
4. The body of the expectant mother is sensitive to external influences, as a result, it is better to protect yourself as carefully as possible from numerous infections. Pay special attention to strengthening the immune system, as it is considered a guarantee of excellent well-being and health of the child. And if you experience any incomprehensible discharge, do not hesitate to report this problem to the doctor - competent support helps to avoid adverse results or minimize them.

Tests in the first trimester

The first trimester of pregnancy is the time when a pregnant woman registers at the antenatal clinic and undergoes an initial examination. Just in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, it is required to do all the necessary research.

Mandatory tests:

• smear on flora;
• Wasserman test (blood test for syphilis);
• determination of the mother's Rh affiliation to identify or eliminate the Rh conflict;
• blood test for HIV and markers of viral hepatitis, genetic screening and other required tests.

A comprehensive examination helps to detect probable pathologies of fetal development at the earliest possible time. What the doctor will inform the woman about and prescribe adequate timely treatment.

Nutrition in the first trimester of pregnancy

The diet of the expectant mother, in this period, should provide her body with important substances necessary for the development of all organs of the baby.

The order of eating, which should be followed from the very beginning of pregnancy, should guarantee the intake of vitamins, trace elements into the woman's body and eliminate or mitigate the symptoms of the first toxicosis. So that the baby does not experience a deficiency of nutrients, you do not need to eat a lot, it is better to saturate your body little by little, but with natural, good and healthy food.

Nutrition in the first trimester of pregnancy should be fractional, you need to sit down to eat more often - up to 5-6 times a day, but the portions should be small. Light snacks throughout the day prevent overeating and weight gain. Fractional meals help optimal absorption of food and nutrients. The main thing is that such a system softens the manifestations of toxicosis. In addition, fractional nutrition restores the functioning of the intestinal tract and guarantees a good systematic stool. You need to have dinner 2-3 hours before bedtime.

Water should not be drunk more than 1.5 liters per day. Too much water puts more stress on the kidneys. It is necessary to refrain from strongly brewed tea and coffee, as they can provoke spasms of blood vessels and an increase in blood pressure.

The volume of salt should not be more than 5-6 grams. in a day. Its excess increases thirst, retains fluid in the body, which leads to edema, and also negatively affects the function of the urinary system.

What should pregnant women eat in the first trimester?

The menu of a pregnant woman must contain fruits and vegetables containing a lot of fiber to stimulate the peristalsis of the intestinal tract, and as a source of vitamins and trace elements.

In addition, a woman’s diet should be enriched with dairy products to provide the body with the calcium necessary for the baby. Instead of animal fats, it is better to use vegetable oil, more often eat fish dishes (phosphorus, polyunsaturated fatty acids).

Foods allowed for pregnant women in the first trimester:

1. Bread, preferably whole grain or bran.
2. Green and black tea, but weak, fruit drinks, freshly squeezed juices.
3. Fresh greens.
4. All kinds of vegetables - fresh or boiled.
5. Fruits, berries.
6. Various cereals.
7. Dairy products of reduced fat content.
8. Vegetable oil.
9. Seaweed (source of iodine).
10. Walnuts.
11. Boiled eggs, you can scrambled eggs (1-2 times in 7 days).
12. Poultry meat, lean beef.
13. Rabbit meat.
14. Honey, jam (limited).
15. Butter (limited).
16. Fatty fish (mackerel, salmon).

What can not be pregnant in the first trimester?

The list of such products includes:

• Salinity, smoked meats and spices - they irritate the digestive tract, awaken thirst, load the liver.
• Simple carbohydrates, converted into fats, which are stored as excess weight, contribute to an increase in blood sugar levels, giving rise to diabetes.
• Products that can cause an allergic reaction - chocolate, citrus fruits (contribute to the further development of diathesis in a baby).
• Animal fats exacerbate bouts of nausea, load the liver and other organs of the gastrointestinal tract, as a result of which their use should be minimized.
• All dyes, preservatives, stabilizers and flavor enhancers are considered toxins not only for the mother, but also for her unborn baby.

Vitamins in the 1st trimester of pregnancy

Vitamins play a huge role in the successful course of pregnancy in the first trimester. As a result, it is useful to use them every day in the form of natural fruits and vegetables, which are a source of vitamins and minerals. In addition to them, vegetable fiber is also needed, which is indispensable for the proper functioning of the intestines.

What vitamins and minerals are especially important at the beginning of pregnancy:

1. Folic acid is essential for the development of the nervous system of the fetus.
2. Calcium is required for bone formation.
3. Vitamin D is needed to prevent rickets in the future.
4. Iron will prevent anemia.
5. Magnesium, vitamin E will protect against miscarriage.
6. Iodine affects the mental abilities of the baby.
7. Phosphorus is needed for the formation of the brain.
8. Vitamin B6 will help improve the well-being of the expectant mother.

Every girl, one day, catches herself thinking that she wants to become a mother. Over time, after hearing stories about terrible toxicosis and complete prohibitions, girls begin to experience fear of pregnancy and childbirth. Some, on the contrary, put themselves in a rigid framework, thus assuming to protect the unborn child. It also happens that the pregnancy is not planned, and the expectant mother has no idea how to behave.

It is important to remember - pregnancy is not a heavy burden that must be endured! Yes, there are a number of things that will have to be abandoned, but for a while, and not forever. First things first, you need to find out what is possible and what is not in the first trimester of pregnancy.

1st trimester - what is possible

In the first 12 weeks, the fetus forms into a baby. During this period, the main systems of the body are formed, and the embryo acquires a clear outline of the human body. Due to constant modifications, the position of the child in the uterus is not stable, and the resources for "construction" are borrowed from the woman's body. In this regard, the list of restrictions is greatest in the first trimester.

The main thing that a future mother should take care of is to supply her baby with high-quality “building materials”. Everything that is useful for the female body is also useful for the baby. Everything is fresh, natural, full of nutrients and vitamins.

Let us consider in more detail what is possible and necessary for mother and fetus in the first trimester.

Drinks and food

The diet should be varied. If a girl, before conception, led a healthy lifestyle and watched her diet, little will change in her diet. It is worth considering for those who are on strict diets and fast food lovers. The lack of nutrients, as well as an excess of fats and toxins, will adversely affect the health of the child. It is necessary to regularly supply the body with all possible useful substances.

Meat, fish, cereals and fresh vegetables must be added to the diet. Garlic is a must - extravagant taste will replace cellophane seasonings, and allicin will help a weakened immune system fight germs.

The same goes for drinks. Water and fresh juices are preferred. It is fresh - made by yourself or bought in stores, but always in glass. Products in tetrapacks are stuffed with preservatives for long-term storage, and the natural juices of most fruits depicted on the packaging simply do not exist (they are replaced by flavors).

Will not harm:

• weak black tea;
• decoctions of mint and chamomile;
• kvass.

Medications

If a woman does not suffer from chronic diseases in which it is necessary to use medications, you need to say stop to almost all medical preparations. The most harmless drugs that can be taken without a doctor's prescription are no-shpa and paracetamol. And yet, their use is limited. Medicines should be completely natural, for example, activated charcoal. With stress, sedatives, such as valerian, are acceptable. Before using drugs, be sure to consult your doctor.

Most ailments can either be endured or solved with gentle, but more long-term methods:

• massage;
• decoctions of herbs;
• warm shower;
• Fresh air;
• compresses;
• alternative medicine (with a consultation of a gynecologist).

These simple actions will help to cope with most diseases without requiring medical intervention.

Sex

Sex leads to contraction of the uterus and pelvic muscles, which can cause miscarriage or complications if the fetus is disturbed or displaced, since the embryo is weakly attached to the uterus. Also, there may be complications of pregnancy, imperceptible in the early stages, and an active sex life will contribute to their progress. Ideally, you should give up love pleasures, waiting for the female body itself to create the necessary protective conditions for the child. From the second trimester, having sex is possible, necessary and useful.

Taking care of yourself and your body

Do not deny yourself the usual and pleasant moments of self-care. There is no need to turn into a gray and nondescript person with a mat on her head. Change cosmetics with fragrances to hypoallergenic or children's ones, use natural materials (fruits, vegetables, honey). On the Internet and stores, you can find specialized cosmetics for expectant mothers.

It is not forbidden to dye hair, but not with every dye. Chemical elements will negatively affect the hair and scalp, because the elements necessary for their healthy state are spent on the child. Give preference to henna or basma.

Don't give up on sports. On the contrary, a moderate load will help the body cope with new tasks, normalize the work of the heart and maintain muscle tone. Of course, it is important to avoid excessive loads, and in cases where they cannot be avoided, change the type of activity. Instead of athletics and exercise equipment, do yoga or sign up for water aerobics. The instructor will always help with the choice by compiling a personal program and choosing the lesson that is most suitable for you.

Lifestyle

A positive attitude and taking care of your health are two rules for guiding the life of an expectant mother. Avoid stressful situations, limit exposure to harmful substances, indulge yourself and enjoy life. A measured rhythm, without emotional outbursts and loads, has a positive effect on both the health of the baby and the mother's body.

An important point is the presence of pets in the house. Well-bred, they do no harm in any way. For example, walking your dog gives you a reason not to be lazy and breathe fresh air every day. Cats, on their own, have a calming effect, just by living next to you.

One caveat is still present: In cat feces, there may be toxoplasmosis - an infectious disease that is dangerous for a child. There is no need to look for a new home for your pet - trust someone else to clean up the cat litter box.

Pregnant women need to lead a healthy lifestyle, only in this case, the expectant mother will have a healthy baby. At the same time, you should rest a lot, eat well. But often this is not enough, so the specialist attributes the appropriate multivitamins. The selection of the vitamin complex is carried out individually, depending on the characteristics of the organism. But before using any remedy, be sure to consult a doctor.

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When to take vitamins

Expectant mothers often wonder what vitamins to drink during pregnancy. It is important to remember that all funds contain synthetic components. Therefore, they are not always needed.

Yet it happens that multivitamins for pregnant women are needed. This can happen under the following circumstances:

1. If a woman in position goes to work, and her nutrition is inadequate.
2. For diseases, which are associated with a lack of important substances in the female body.
3. When miscarriages have previously occurred or the first baby was born with an anomaly.
4. If a woman who is carrying a child over 30 years.

Important! Vitamins put a serious strain on the internal organs, in particular the kidneys, which can have a bad effect on the child.

Therefore, when answering the question of whether girls in position need vitamins, it should be noted that not everyone can benefit from them. To avoid problems, you need to follow the right diet, enriching nutrition fruits and vegetables. Then additional trace elements will not be needed.

Multivitamins for the 1st trimester

In the first trimester, that is, in the early stages multivitamins are not allowed.

But if there are no problems with health and well-being, then a proper and balanced diet will be enough.

About what vitamins are needed, the doctor should tell. It is important that any of the courses is not prescribed for a long time, since during this period the condition of the expectant mother changes very quickly.

You should listen to yourself and contact a specialist with any changes.

natural vitamins essential during early pregnancy. One of the most important is vitamin E, but it can be obtained from foods. It is part of vegetable oils, meat products, spinach. It is not recommended to use this substance in the medicine, since its excess will negatively affect the well-being of the expectant mother and fetus.

Particular attention in the 1st trimester should be paid to folic acid. It should be used separately. Its actions are aimed at the correct formation of the placenta. This substance will protect against miscarriage and normalize hemoglobin.

If a pregnant woman lacks B9, then this can lead to anemia, which will negatively affect the child.

The dosage should be determined by a specialist, he will also answer the question of which drugs are best to drink. Additional folic acid can be obtained by eating carrots, spinach, peaches and celery.

Femibion ​​during pregnancy

Vitamins for pregnant women Femibion ​​are popular among medicines. They are recommended not only for girls in position, but also for those who are just planning. This tool can be used by both women and men at the planning stage. The composition of the vitamin complex includes such elements that have a positive effect on male reproductive system.

This tool includes 10 useful elements, which the expectant mother often needs. Separately, the following components should be highlighted:

• iodine, so you don’t have to take additional potassium iodide;
• B1, which normalizes carbohydrate metabolism;
• B2 is needed for energy generation;
• B6 is indispensable for protein metabolism;
• B12 provides good performance nervous system.

Important elements such as C and E, which protect against harmful microbes and free radicals, are also found in Femibion.

Femibion ​​is not recommended for everyone, as there are also side effects. Among them, nausea, apathy and an allergic reaction should be highlighted. Therefore, before taking it is necessary consult with a specialist.

Vitamin A

Vitamin A during pregnancy is allowed to be taken, but here it is necessary for sure follow the dosage.

When prescribing multivitamins for pregnant women, the doctor must take into account indicators such as age and the amount of retinol in the female body.

But most often attributed no more than 3 mg per day. It is forbidden to take such funds uncontrollably. They should be used only according to medical indications.

If the intake of this element is recommended, then it must be drunk in two months before the conception of the baby and the first 2 months during the bearing of the fetus. After a long break is made and the course is resumed 2 months before the onset of childbirth. Therefore, during pregnancy, the 1st trimester, vitamin A is allowed.

This substance can also be obtained along with the intake of healthy foods. It is found in milk, fresh eggs, fish oil. As for plant foods, it's carrots, tomatoes, peppers, cabbage. Best for drinks rosehip decoction, sea ​​buckthorn.

Vitamin D

Vitamin D can bring many benefits to the expectant mother and her baby. He cares about bones and teeth pregnant. Thanks to him, the correct formation of the baby's skeleton in the womb occurs. It is only thanks to this element, which is also called calciferol, that absorption of calcium. In sufficient quantity, he will be able to:

• strengthen the immunity of the expectant mother;
• prevent the occurrence of skin diseases;
• prevent the development of the tumor process;
• positively affect brain activity;
• improve emotional state.

Calciferol has been shown to be effective in treating gestational diabetes, which often develops in girls carrying a baby.

Useful trace elements can also be obtained during proper nutrition. However, vitamin D for a woman in position may be needed if she is a vegetarian, rarely stays in the sun.

In the early stages, it may not be absorbed because of, in this case, the doctor can prescribe the appropriate drug, indicating the correct dosage.

In the minimum dosage, calciferol is found in many vitamin complexes that are prescribed for pregnant women. So take vitamin D does not cost separately.

Vitamin E and C

Vitamin E in early pregnancy is prescribed quite often by specialists. It is allowed to use during the entire 1 trimester. In addition, doctors advise drinking it before conception. In this case, the daily norm of the substance should be 15 mg.

Tocopherol is useful in that it normalizes the production of female hormones and is able to . Moreover, it contributes to the creation of a strong placenta and normalizes the digestive process.

The substance can be found in fat, sea buckthorn oil, eggs, beef, milk.

In order for the membranes of the placenta to develop normally, it is necessary to take vitamin C during pregnancy, which will support the immune system, and the body will become resistant to various bacterial diseases.

Ascorbic acid must be taken by women who smoked before pregnancy.

The daily dosage should be up to 90 mg. Ascorbic acid is found in black currants, carrots, oranges, lemons, cabbage.

These products should be taken without fail, since the component that they contain will prevent the formation of stretch marks and varicose veins.

If this is not done, then the vessels will become fragile, and the capillaries - brittle. Bruises will begin to appear even from a minor blow.

Advice! Vitamin C during pregnancy can quickly lose its beneficial properties, especially when it comes to products.

For this reason, food should always be fresh.

Useful video: vitamins in the 1st trimester of pregnancy

A balanced diet during pregnancy is very important for a woman. Because everything that she receives during a meal - calcium, protein, iron, fats, many other essential nutrients are needed in order for the fetus to develop and grow properly. That is why nutrition and obtaining useful substances during pregnancy must be given special attention. Equally important is nutrition when planning a pregnancy.

plant based diet calcium alcoholic beverages
Nutrition Dieting Nutrition
Vegetable puree During lactation Prevention

Previously, it was considered natural that, if necessary, the baby himself takes what he needs for development. But recently it was found out that if a woman eats improperly, irregularly, then her body turns on the mechanism of self-preservation and the fetus is deprived of many nutrients. Therefore, proper nutrition during pregnancy is a necessary measure.

What to focus on?

The main problems of pregnancy are toxicosis, constipation, indigestion, heartburn.

Should have a varied diet

1. In order to cope with toxicosis and heartburn, eating on the principle of "pieces" is suitable, which means that you need to eat often, but little by little. Try to drink more pure water (not carbonated). Add fiber-rich foods, grains, bananas, cereals, bran, rice, etc. to your diet.
2. When the work of the intestine is difficult, this is usually due to the fact that the uterus increases, begins to put pressure on the rectum. Therefore, during pregnancy, the intestines may not always work as usual. With such problems, you need to properly balance your diet. This can be done with foods that contain dietary fiber - cereals, wholemeal bread, fruits, berries, vegetables.

Nutrition in early pregnancy should not consist of dense and liquid foods - the first and second cannot be taken immediately, drink between meals (milk, compote, soups). Proper nutrition during pregnancy will help to avoid problems.

In the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, it is worth adding a dairy-vegetarian diet to your diet. Meat and fish should be in the diet no more than four to five days a week. They are best baked and eaten, adding vegetables, herbs. Vegetables, fruits, berries - all this is preferably taken raw.

More fish and vegetables

And already in the last trimester, when the liver and kidneys begin to work with a vengeance, choose food that is based on light vegetarian soups and salads.

What to exclude from the diet?

As you know, seafood is an excellent source of protein and other healthy fatty acids. They have a wonderful effect on the development of the baby's brain.

The fish should be well fried, cleaned. It is impossible to eat raw fish, shellfish, oysters during pregnancy. It may contain pathogenic, pathogenic microorganisms.

Do not eat poorly cooked meat, poultry, eggs. During pregnancy, the body is susceptible to bacterial food poisoning. Avoid:

• canned foods;
• pate;
• unpasteurized foods, juices, milk;
• raw eggs;
• caffeine (blood circulation is disturbed, useful substances are poorly absorbed);
• tea, chocolate;
• sausages, sausage products;
• smoked products;
• fried, fatty foods;
• alcohol.

It is forbidden to drink alcoholic beverages

Essential substances during pregnancy.

Get your daily calcium intake

At the very beginning, in the first trimester of pregnancy, it is not necessary to drastically change your usual diet for what is necessary. So basically eat what you want. But gradually add to the diet healthy foods that contain the necessary for the development of the child.

Do not torture yourself and force yourself to eat what you do not want. Consult with your gynecologist and together make an approximate diet so that it is tasty and healthy.

Approximate nutrition during pregnancy by week.

: Borovikova Olga

gynecologist, ultrasound doctor, geneticist

The development of pregnancy in the 1st trimester begins from the moment the male and female germ cells meet, which leads to the formation of a zygote. A fertilized egg, containing a complete set of chromosomes and a supply of nutrients, immediately begins to divide and simultaneously moves through the fallopian tube into the uterine cavity. At 5-6 weeks, the embryo reaches the uterine cavity, where it implants into the mucous membrane (endometrium) of the uterus. At the site of attachment, the formation of the placenta begins, a special organ that provides nutrition, respiration and life support for the fetus throughout pregnancy.

Starting from the 5th week and until the end of the second month of pregnancy, the primary organs of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems are formed. During this period, the neural tube of the fetus closes and the laying of the nervous system begins. In the vessels, the primary processes of hematopoiesis and blood circulation begin. The thyroid gland and the genitourinary system develop. The rudiments of limbs and fingers are formed. During this period, the embryo is actively growing. If at 5 weeks its length is 1.5-2.5 mm, then by the end of 8 weeks it increases several times to 8-13 mm.

The beginning of the third month is characterized by the development of the brain, bones, limbs and joints. By the end of 12-13 weeks, the fetus has already formed all the main internal organs, the basis of the skeleton and partially facial features. He can already make spontaneous movements due to the development of the cerebellum. Some organs are already beginning to function - the heart and urinary system.

Signs of pregnancy in the 1st trimester

The 1st trimester of pregnancy can be different. In most cases, the first weeks are asymptomatic, almost imperceptible to the expectant mother. The first sign of pregnancy is usually a missed period. However, even before it, the following symptoms may appear:

• causeless dizziness;
• weakness, drowsiness;
• bouts of nausea and vomiting in the morning;
• aversion to certain foods;
• increased sensitivity to odors;
• emotional instability, irritability;
• sensation of discomfort in the chest, increase in volume, swelling and pain in the nipples.

Weight in the 1st trimester of pregnancy does not noticeably change, since the size and weight of the fetus is still extremely small. The uterus does not increase significantly. Only in very thin women may there be noticeable changes in the volume of the abdomen by the end of the first trimester.

Diagnosis and research in the first trimester of pregnancy

As soon as a woman finds out about her situation, it is better for her to immediately contact a gynecologist. This period is very important and involves certain risks. At the first visit to the hospital, the doctor will prescribe a comprehensive examination, which is necessary to assess the condition of the future mother and fetus, follow-up observation and exclude possible risks. First of all, the woman will be offered to undergo laboratory tests. The list of necessary tests in the 1st trimester of pregnancy includes:

• Complete blood count during pregnancy in the 1st trimester: gives general information about the state of the body of a pregnant woman. The indicators of this study allow us to evaluate the work of internal organs and functional systems, in the future, based on the results of this analysis, the doctor can monitor the condition of the expectant mother.
• A general urine test shows the condition and functioning of the kidneys and urinary system. This analysis will have to be taken before each control appointment with a doctor observing pregnancy.
• A smear for flora is a bacteriological and cytological study that allows you to identify pathogenic microorganisms in the mucous membrane of the vagina and cervix. The analysis makes it possible to detect the inflammatory process in time, therefore, to take appropriate measures to eliminate it.
• Coagulogram - assessment of blood clotting.
• A biochemical blood test is a detailed picture of the work of internal organs. In particular, the pancreas, liver, kidneys.
• A blood test for blood type and Rh factor - this test is required at the beginning of pregnancy, since labor activity is associated with certain risks. If a blood transfusion or surgery is necessary, information about the blood type of the Rh factor will be vital.
• Blood tests for HIV, hepatitis, syphilis - tests for sexually transmitted infections are carried out twice during pregnancy in the 1st trimester and at 35-36 weeks. This precaution is due to the long incubation period of some types of pathogens.
• A blood test for TORCH infections - the study allows you to identify microorganisms such as toxoplasma, herpes, cytomegalovirus. Their presence in the mother's body can have a negative impact on the development of the fetus.

An important indicator in the 1st trimester of pregnancy is the level of TSH. The secretion of the TSH hormone in different periods of pregnancy has different indicators. In the first trimester, control over the level of TSH is important, as it takes part in the stimulation of the corpus luteum, the formation of the internal organs and systems of the fetus. The norm of TSH in the 1st trimester of pregnancy is from 0.1 to 0.4 μMD / ml. With the further development of pregnancy, this figure increases.

Another important type of diagnosis and research is the ultrasound of pregnancy in the 1st trimester. During the entire period, according to the plan, it is necessary to conduct three ultrasound examinations - at the beginning, in the middle and before childbirth. In the 1st trimester of pregnancy, an ultrasound scan is needed for a period of 11-13 weeks. Ultrasound allows you to clarify the gestational age, assess the development of the fetus, make an examination of the chorion, from which the placenta is subsequently formed.

An additional study is screening during pregnancy in the 1st trimester, it is carried out as a complex diagnostic procedure. Screening is mandatory for pregnant women over the age of 35, if there is a threat of spontaneous abortion, with hereditary diseases, or if there are occupational risks. Perinatal screening is a complex of instrumental and laboratory studies - ultrasound, biochemical and genetic blood tests. This is the most informative and detailed type of diagnosis, which allows you to identify all risk groups for the development of the fetus. First trimester screening provides the following information:

• exact gestational age;
• the presence or absence of gross violations in the development of the fetus - brain defects, umbilical hernia, etc.;
• the thickness of the collar space determines the presence of chromosomal pathologies (Down's syndrome);
• heart size and heart rate;
• bone length;
• the level of hCG (chorionic gonadotropin);
• plasma protein content.

These and other indicators make it possible to conduct a qualitative detailed assessment of the development of the fetus, to identify the presence of deviations and to prevent their development in a timely manner.

Normal and anxiety conditions in the 1st trimester of pregnancy

The development of pregnancy in the first trimester can occur with some unpleasant and painful symptoms. Some of them are considered the norm, others are an alarming sign that requires special attention and referral to a specialist. The most common ailments include:

• Pain in the abdomen in the 1st trimester of pregnancy is most often the result of natural changes occurring in the body of a woman. In the 1st trimester of pregnancy, the stomach can hurt for a variety of reasons. This is primarily due to the growth and movement of a fertilized egg through the fallopian tube, followed by introduction into the endometrium. For the same reasons, often in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, the stomach pulls or discomfort is felt in the pelvic area. Such symptoms do not indicate pathologies or disorders. The cause for concern and immediate medical attention are intense cramping pains in the 1st trimester of pregnancy. They may indicate an increased tone of the uterus and the threat of miscarriage.
• The tone of the uterus is a condition in which the muscles of the organ are in an overly stressed state. The tone of the uterus in the 1st trimester can happen for a variety of reasons - excessive excitement, physical stress, untimely emptying of the bladder. Symptoms of uterine tone during the 1st trimester of pregnancy are characteristic cramping short-term pain and tension in the abdominal muscles. This condition is easily eliminated if the cause is excluded - to calm down, relax, go to the toilet. It is much more difficult and dangerous if uterine hypertonicity appears in the 1st trimester of pregnancy. Unlike tone, hypertonicity is characterized by attacks of uterine muscle contraction, which can lead to spontaneous termination of pregnancy and fetal death. The cause of hypertonicity is most often hormonal disorders, which can only be identified with the help of special studies.
• Uncharacteristic discharge in the 1st trimester of pregnancy may indicate a number of pathological disorders that require medical intervention. The changes that occur in the female body also apply to vaginal discharge - they acquire a yellowish tint. Yellow discharge during the 1st trimester of pregnancy is considered normal, their color is due to a change in hormonal balance and an increase in progesterone secretion. Pathological processes are evidenced by thick curdled, greenish, bloody discharge. It is also worth consulting a doctor if the discharge is excessively abundant and has an unpleasant pungent odor.
• Headache is a frequent companion of the onset of pregnancy, its occurrence may be associated with hormonal changes, blood pressure drops, and emotional instability. If the head periodically hurts in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, but the pains are not acute and protracted, this fact is not a sign of any pathologies. Alarming symptoms are increasing in intensity of pain, accompanied by tinnitus, impaired coordination or vision. With such manifestations, you need to contact a gynecologist and find out the cause of headaches during pregnancy in the 1st trimester.
• Low pressure during the 1st trimester of pregnancy is a common phenomenon, in this state a woman feels weakness, drowsiness, and sometimes dizziness. Low blood pressure in the 1st trimester of pregnancy is due to hormonal changes and early toxicosis. According to the generally accepted norm in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, the pressure should not be lower than 100/60. At lower rates, we can talk about hypotension, impaired vascular tone, allergic or infectious diseases. It is possible to find out the cause only through a targeted examination. Low pressure can lead to the development of preeclampsia, miscarriage, developmental delay and complications during childbirth, so pressure control is one of the most important indicators.
• High blood pressure in pregnant women is considered an even more dangerous symptom. With an increase in blood pressure above 140/90, there is a risk of developing preeclampsia, eclampsia (breathing disorders, convulsions, fainting), preeclampsia (headaches, nausea, impaired coordination), retinal detachment. The cause of high pressure can be diseases of the kidneys (pyelonephritis, polycystic), endocrine system (diabetes mellitus, pathology of the thyroid gland or adrenal glands), cardiovascular or nervous diseases. Stably high blood pressure is a threat to both the pregnant woman and her unborn child, and therefore serves as a serious reason for hospitalization.
• Hemorrhoids during pregnancy of the 1st trimester may appear against the background of changes occurring in the pelvic organs. The risk of its occurrence increases in cases where a woman leads a sedentary lifestyle, which leads to stagnant processes. The proctologist can answer the question of how to treat hemorrhoids during pregnancy in the 1st trimester. Methods and drugs for treatment are determined by the type and degree of hemorrhoids. At the initial stage, therapy is reduced to the use of topical suppositories. In more advanced cases, instrumental or surgical treatment may be required.

Features of the treatment of diseases in the first trimester of pregnancy

Pregnant women, despite all the precautions and preventive measures, are not immune from common diseases. And every expectant mother needs to know how dangerous certain pathologies are in their condition, how to avoid diseases and treat them safely for the fetus.

Cold

A cold during pregnancy in the 1st trimester is not a critical or extremely dangerous condition, but in such a situation it is important to consider some issues and aspects:

• What is the danger of a cold during pregnancy in the 1st trimester? At the very beginning of pregnancy, when numerous changes occur in a woman's body, the degree of protection of the immune system is significantly reduced. This often causes colds. Any types of acute respiratory infections pose a threat to the health of the unborn baby, since pathogenic bacteria can have a negative impact on the developing organs of the fetus during this period. It is very important to choose the right treatment, otherwise there may be dangerous consequences of a cold during the 1st trimester of pregnancy:
• fetal hypoxia;
• developmental delay;
• malformations;
• intrauterine infection;
• complications during childbirth;
• postpartum complications.
• What medicines can be used to treat a cold during pregnancy in the 1st trimester? Features of the treatment of any diseases during pregnancy are primarily in the selection of safe drugs. It is categorically not recommended to endure a cold on the legs, bed rest is one of the most important requirements, especially if a cold during the 1st trimester of pregnancy occurs with a temperature. Close attention should also be paid to nutrition, to increase the amount of vitamins consumed in the form of fresh vegetables and fruits. When choosing medicines, it is worth giving preference to herbal preparations, local action and herbal medicine:
• Mukaltin - cough tablets based on herbal ingredients (marshmallow root);
• pharmacy pectoral herbal preparations - specially selected formulations for dry and wet coughs;
• syrups of sage, licorice root, marshmallow - natural cough remedies;
• inhalations with medicinal plants (chamomile, sage) and essential oils (eucalyptus, tea tree, fir) will help ease nasal breathing and relieve coughing fits;
• for the treatment of a runny nose during pregnancy of the 1st trimester, it is better to use preparations based on purified sea water and essential oils - drops Pinosol, Aqua Maris, Aqualor.
• How to bring down the temperature during pregnancy 1 trimester? If the temperature during acute respiratory infections does not exceed 37.5 degrees, then it is not recommended to reduce it. Such a temperature during the 1st trimester during pregnancy is not dangerous for the mother's body and the development of the fetus, but helps to destroy pathogenic bacteria. If the temperature rises, then to reduce it, you can use drugs based on paracetamol in combination with plenty of fluids (fruit drinks, warm tea with raspberry jam or honey).
• How to strengthen immunity and recover from a cold during pregnancy in the 1st trimester? To strengthen the protective functions of the body of a pregnant woman, special vitamin complexes have been developed, the doctor should choose a specific one. During pregnancy of the 1st trimester, doctors recommend viferon in the form of suppositories as a drug that strengthens the immune system and a safe anti-inflammatory agent. The diet is of great importance. It should contain fresh vegetables, fruits, high-quality proteins, complex carbohydrates.

Angina

Angina during pregnancy of the 1st trimester is a dangerous disease, as it is always associated with an inflammatory, and sometimes even purulent process in the throat and larynx. Improper treatment of angina can lead to the development of complications and the spread of infection to other organs. Self-treatment of the throat during pregnancy of the 1st trimester is not recommended, since it is quite difficult to determine the type of sore throat and find medicines without the help of a specialist. How can I treat a throat during pregnancy in the 1st trimester? Doctors recommend the use of drugs for the treatment of angina, which have a local antiseptic effect and are not absorbed into the blood. These include:

• Bioparox - a spray containing antibiotics, is allowed during pregnancy of the 1st trimester, has a powerful antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect.
• Geksoral - spray with antimicrobial and analgesic effects, effective for various types of tonsillitis (tonsillitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis).
• Cameton is a spray that relieves inflammation, pain and swelling of the throat. The preparation is based on essential oils, camphor and safe painkillers.
• Miramistin, Chlorhexidine, Chlorophyllipt in the form of sprays and solutions for gargling help relieve inflammation and have an antiseptic soothing effect.

Some types of sore throat cannot be cured without the use of antibiotics, but this decision should be made by the doctor, based on the results of the examination and diagnosis. In the 1st trimester of pregnancy, antibiotics are used with caution, the consequences can be extremely undesirable. Paracetamol and Panadol can be used as an antipyretic during pregnancy in the 1st trimester, as prescribed by a doctor - Nurofen, Ibuprofen.

SARS, influenza

ARVI during pregnancy of the 1st trimester requires special attention, since viral infections can provoke a number of complications. At a later date, the fetus is protected by the placenta, but in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, ARVI is quite dangerous, since the placenta has not yet been formed. The decision on how to treat ARVI during pregnancy in the 1st trimester should be made by a doctor. Only a specialist will help you choose effective and safe medicines.

Treatment of acute respiratory viral infections during pregnancy of the 1st trimester should be aimed both at combating a viral infection and at protecting the fetus from possible negative consequences. Depending on the symptoms of the disease, you can use the remedies for the common cold, fever and sore throat, given above. Antibiotics are ineffective against SARS and influenza, it is necessary to use special medicines for treatment. As antiviral drugs during pregnancy 1 trimester, you can use:

• Grippferon is an antiviral drug approved for pregnant women. It has a detrimental effect on a viral infection and has an immunostimulating effect.
• Oscillococcinum is a well-known homeopathic remedy that copes well with viruses and restores the immune system. For the effect, you must adhere to a specially designed regimen.
• Aflubin is a homeopathic preparation used as a therapeutic and prophylactic antiviral agent. Allowed from the first days and throughout pregnancy.

Despite the availability of information about medicines for influenza during pregnancy in the 1st trimester, you should not self-medicate. SARS during pregnancy 1 trimester can have dangerous consequences. Due to the possible oxygen starvation of the fetus, disturbances in its development may occur.

Allergy

Women suffering from allergic reactions should be aware that the stress on the immune system during pregnancy can lead to new manifestations of allergies. Many antihistamines during pregnancy of the 1st trimester are prohibited from taking due to a possible negative effect on the fetus.

If during pregnancy of the 1st trimester the allergy resumed, intensified or manifested itself for the first time, it is necessary to seek the advice of an allergist. As a rule, during this period it is not recommended to take antihistamines of the first (Suprastin, Diazolin, Tavegil) and the second (Claritin, Citrisine, Astemizol). Pregnant women are suitable for third-generation antiallergic drugs that do not have a cardiotoxic effect. These include Desloratodin, Levocetirizine, Fexofinadine. However, it is impossible to prescribe such drugs to yourself, they can be taken only on the recommendation of a doctor.

Thrush

Often during pregnancy in the 1st trimester, women develop thrush. This factor is due to hormonal and immune processes occurring in the body of a woman. It is quite difficult to answer the question of how to treat thrush during pregnancy in the 1st trimester without special diagnostics. At a later date, in the 2-3 trimesters, women can take oral remedies for thrush. In the first trimester, treatment is complicated by the fact that the placenta is not yet formed and there is a high risk to the fetus.

Treatment of thrush during pregnancy of the 1st trimester is prescribed by a gynecologist observing a woman. As a rule, topical preparations are used for therapy, which normalize the microflora of the vagina. Such remedies include Pimafucin or Clotrimazole suppositories, Natamycin vaginal tablets / suppositories.

Herpes

Herpes refers to a viral infection. Once in the blood, a herpesvirus infection is constantly present in the body, manifesting itself only during periods of exacerbation. Various factors can provoke herpes on the lip during pregnancy of the 1st trimester - hypothermia, emotional or physical overstrain. Given the fact that the woman's immune system is weakened at the initial stage of pregnancy, herpes manifestations are likely even with a mild cold.

How to treat herpes during pregnancy of the 1st trimester, the immunologist decides. If it is not possible to contact a narrow specialist, then you can contact a gynecologist or therapist. Treatment of herpes during pregnancy of the 1st trimester includes preparations for external use in the form of ointments (Gerpevir, Zovirax) and in the form of tablets for oral administration. An effective substance against herpes is acyclovir; on its basis, many drugs have been created (Acyclovir, Valtrex).

If a woman has herpes that is not sensitive to acyclovir during pregnancy of the 1st trimester, then other antiviral drugs can be used. But their appointment should be made by a specialist, taking into account the state of health and the duration of pregnancy.

What drugs can be taken in the 1st trimester

At the initial stage of pregnancy, it is very important to determine the medicines that can be taken for various conditions. A lot of drugs in the 1st trimester of pregnancy are strictly prohibited. Antiviral, antibacterial, antipyretic, antihistamines have already been mentioned. For example, many are wondering how to treat pain during pregnancy in the 1st trimester, or what sedatives are allowed at this time.

• During pregnancy of the 1st trimester, painkillers such as Paracetamol, Papaverine, No-shpa, Riabal, Nurofen (Ibuprofen) are allowed.
• During pregnancy of the 1st trimester, it is not recommended to drink sedatives, since the threat of passing drugs through the barely forming placenta is too high. Any kind of tranquilizers is strictly prohibited. However, the consequences of stress or insomnia can adversely affect the condition of the woman and the fetus, so the doctor may recommend herbal preparations or herbal preparations as a sedative (Persen, Novopassit, tablets and tinctures of valerian, motherwort).
• Taking vitamins during pregnancy in the 1st trimester is not a requirement, but it is an important factor in maintaining the body of the expectant mother. As a rule, the doctor prescribes complex preparations that include all the necessary vitamins and minerals. Which vitamins to take in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, the doctor determines according to individual indications. Separately, it is worth noting the importance of folic acid during pregnancy of the 1st trimester. Vitamin B9 is important in cell division, hematopoiesis, and the formation of the neural tube of the fetus. That is why experts recommend taking folic acid from the first days of pregnancy.

Nutrition in the first trimester of pregnancy

The state of her own health, well-being and development of the unborn child largely depends on the correct balanced nutrition of a pregnant woman. Features of nutrition during pregnancy of the 1st trimester are due to the formation and laying of the internal organs and functional systems of the unborn child, as well as the increased load on the woman's body. A balanced menu during pregnancy of the 1st trimester should include foods from five groups - proteins, fats, cereals and bakery products, dairy and sour-milk products, vegetables and fruits. In order for the body to receive everything it needs for the development of pregnancy in the 1st trimester, it is important to optimally select the balance of nutrients, vitamins and minerals. Nutrition recommendations in the 1st trimester of pregnancy relate to both the composition of the diet and the way food is prepared.

Answering the question of what is possible and what is not possible in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, it is worth noting the following aspects:

• The diet should contain a fairly large amount of fresh fruits, vegetables and berries. They can and should be consumed as snacks between main meals.
• Protein foods should also be varied, including meat, fish, seafood and dairy products.
• It is better for a pregnant woman to abandon the generally accepted three-time regimen, switch to fractional meals - 6-7 times a day in small portions.
• Exclude artificial additives and ready-made sauces from the diet, it is better to replace them with natural spices, oils and sour cream.
• When cooking, it is worth giving preference to boiling, stewing, baking and eating fried foods as little as possible.
• When toxicosis appears, it is worth considering that food taken in small doses in the form of heat is easier to digest and causes less nausea.
• With anemia, iron-rich foods should be added to the diet - beef liver, veal, nuts, lentils, beans, peas, buckwheat, pomegranate, rose hips, apples, apricots.

From drinks, preference is given to non-carbonated water, green, herbal teas, fresh juices (in a 50/50 ratio with water). During pregnancy of the 1st trimester, coffee, carbonated drinks, factory juices, kvass should be excluded. Caffeine is especially dangerous in early pregnancy (increases the risk of miscarriage), so it is best to avoid any foods and drinks that contain it.

In addition to what you can eat and drink in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, it is important to listen to your body. If there is an aversion to some kind of food, do not force yourself, no matter how useful they are.

Risks and dangers of the 1st trimester of pregnancy

If the mother is healthy and follows the recommendations of doctors, then the first trimester of pregnancy proceeds without acutely tangible changes. Mild ailments caused by hormonal changes, implantation and fetal growth are considered normal. However, a woman who wants to maintain a pregnancy and bear a healthy child must constantly monitor her condition and feelings.

The most dangerous risks of the 1st trimester include:

• the threat of spontaneous interruption;
• fetal malformations;
• frozen pregnancy 1 trimester.

You should immediately consult a doctor if you experience symptoms such as severe cramping pain, serous or bloody discharge, severe weakness and dizziness, significant changes in blood pressure, severe toxicosis, fever up to 37.7 degrees. A timely visit to a gynecologist and examination will help to exclude dangerous conditions that, if self-treated, can lead to serious consequences.

As for the usual daily aspects, pregnant women in the 1st trimester can lead their usual lifestyle, if their health and state of health allows them to do so. Frequently asked questions related to routine activities and needs:

• How to sleep during pregnancy 1st trimester? At the initial stage of fetal development, the sleeping position is not yet of cardinal importance. The embryo is still so small that the uterus is located in the natural boundaries of the pelvis, so you can sleep in any comfortable position.
• Is it possible to treat teeth in the 1st trimester of pregnancy? Dental treatment is included in the program of examination of pregnant women and preparation for childbirth. It is not only possible to treat teeth, but it is even necessary for the safe bearing and health of the child.
• Can I fly during my 1st trimester pregnancy? According to doctors, flights do not affect the development of pregnancy in any way. If the expectant mother physically tolerated flights well before pregnancy, then there is no reason to cancel them. The only warning is diagnosed toxicosis and other violations / deviations in the state of health. In this case, before the flight, you should consult a doctor who will prescribe medication to prevent complications.
• Can I have sex in the 1st trimester of pregnancy? If a woman does not have a miscarriage threat and she feels good, then there is no reason to refuse sex in the 1st trimester of pregnancy. Caution should be exercised only at a later date or according to indications.

Video: First trimester of pregnancy. Signs of pregnancy. Pregnancy????

Attention! This article is posted for informational purposes only and under no circumstances is scientific material or medical advice and can not serve as a substitute for in-person consultation with a professional doctor. For diagnosis, diagnosis and treatment, please contact qualified doctors!

Number of reads: 1815 Publication date: 29.11.2017